The application of stone arch bridge in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension;
After mastering the content of the text in general, students can grasp the key words and sentences, guide students to focus on their own feelings, and help students deeply understand the content and expression of the text.
(1) "Zhao Zhouqiao is very magnificent."
This is a general sentence, followed by the length, width, building materials and shape characteristics of Zhao Zhouqiao, all of which are specific descriptions around "grandeur". Students can experience this specific method of writing content around a sentence in reading aloud.
(2) "This bridge is not only strong, but also beautiful."
This sentence serves as a link between the preceding and the following, which implies that the former content is "firm" and the latter content is about to be "beautiful". Using this expression in the article makes the article look clear. In teaching, students can feel and communicate the benefits of such writing. There is such a reading prompt in the article: "What's so good about this sentence?" When students exchange their views on this issue, they don't necessarily need to tell a profound truth, as long as they understand that this sentence not only summarizes the previous content, but also leads to the later content.
(3) "This design is a pioneering work in the history of bridge architecture."
When understanding the text, you can ask this question for students to discuss: "What is a' pioneering work'? Why is Zhao Zhouqiao a' pioneering work'? " Students can compare the similarities and differences between "innovation" and "creation" by looking up the dictionary; You can also use examples to talk about your understanding of "entrepreneurship". Then, in connection with the description of Zhao Zhouqiao in the context, such as reducing the impact and saving stones, I will talk about my understanding of this sentence, which naturally inspires pride while understanding this sentence.
These sentences are not necessarily put forward by teachers for students to understand, but can encourage students to use their own reading methods.
Summary: Think, find problems, ask questions, find solutions to problems in the process of independent reading, and experience the exquisiteness of expression in the process of communicating with classmates.
Problem-solving skills in Chinese reading comprehension;
First, explain the basic knowledge of the text.
1. Concept: Explanatory writing is a practical style with "explanation" as the main expression, which is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process and internal affairs of things.
2. Difference from other styles: Argumentative writing convinces people by reasoning, and philosophy is its main feature; Narration is emotional, and image is its main feature; Explanatory writing teaches people with knowledge, and knowledge is its main feature.
3. Classification of explanatory texts.
Description: Suzhou gardens, for example, show the characteristics of "ensuring that no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them".
Caption: For example, the Dead Sea does not die. Scientifically, the reason why the Dead Sea does not die is that the salinity of seawater is very high.
Second, reading skills.
(a) reading the text should pay attention to the following aspects:
The first trick: be good at finding the right person.
The second trick: be good at summarizing the characteristics of the object.
The third measure: be good at analyzing and explaining the order.
The fourth trick: be good at analyzing and explaining methods and their functions. Clearly explain the characteristics of the method and analyze its specific role in the article.
The fifth measure: be good at analyzing the language of expository writing.
The sixth trick: be good at analyzing the purpose of quoting ancient books or famous sayings. First of all, we should understand the meaning of the quoted ancient books or famous sayings. Now, we should contact the content of the explanation and see what is the internal relationship between them, so as to understand the purpose of their quotation. What is the function of telling stories at the beginning or in the middle of the explanation? The purpose of telling a story at the beginning of an article is often to arouse readers' interest in reading or to draw out the object of explanation. Telling a story in the middle of an article or paragraph is often to enhance the readability of the explanatory text, but also to explain the source or function of things.
The seventh trick: be good at completing open questions. According to the requirement of "paying attention to understanding the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method embodied in works" in the "New Curriculum Standard", the topic of the exposition reading test is bound to guide students to pay attention to human beings, nature, ecological environment, scientific and technological progress and future development, and is conducive to cultivating students' scientific attitude, scientific thinking, scientific quality, scientific spirit and scientific method.
(2) Explanatory reading generally involves 1 1 types of questions:
1, check object:
Answer skills: 1. Understand the topic. Many explanatory topics themselves indicate the object of explanation, such as "China Stone Arch Bridge" and "Suzhou Garden". Second, grasp the first enclosed sentence and the central sentence. Explanatory texts often need to use the first enclosing sentence and the central sentence to prompt the key points, including explaining the characteristics of things. On the other hand, if you need to add a title to the paragraph of the explanatory text, you can also use the explanatory object as the title.
The answer forms a phrase: This article introduces the … (object plus features) of ….
Example: Understanding the weather from clouds introduces the relationship between clouds and weather, and how to understand the weather from clouds.
2, the characteristics of the things being explained:
Answer skills: try to find the original sentence from the original text. If not, pay attention to the meaning of the paragraph and the central sentence
Chinese stone arch bridge has three characteristics: long history, beautiful shape and solid structure.
3. Interpretation method:
1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.
2, the role of common methods:
1. Example: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, making the explanation more specific and convincing.
(2) Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.
③ Comparison: Compare xx with xx to highlight the characteristics/reasons of things.
(4) Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand.
⑤. For example, compare xx to xx, thus vividly explaining the characteristics/reasons of things.
6. Imitation: Give a vivid description of the characteristics/events of things, so as to make the explanation more specific.
⑦ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.
⑧ Numbering: Use specific data to explain the characteristics/facts of things, so as to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.
⑨ Charting: Explain the characteristics/events of things by means of charts to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.
Attending, quotation: quotation has the following forms:
First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)
B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)
C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.
D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.
(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )
A summary of answering skills in junior middle school Chinese reading;
1) The role of the beginning of the article
1, resulting in the following, paving the way for the following. (narrative)
2. Start the topic and put forward the center. (central argument)
3. Use stories or allusions to lead to arguments or topics (explain the object) and arouse readers' interest in reading.
2) the role of the end of the article
1, deepen the center and sublimate feelings.
2. Point to the end of the article and put forward the central or central argument.
3. Summarize the above, put forward the initiative and issue a call.
The function of a sentence or paragraph
1, the structural function is: always play the full text, cause the following, pave the way, pave the way, connect the preceding with the following (transition), take care of the preceding and the following, echo from beginning to end, summarize the full text, indicate the theme and promote the development of the plot.
2. The role of sentences in expressing feelings: rendering the atmosphere, setting off the characters (or feelings), pointing out the center (revealing the theme) and highlighting the theme (deepening the center).
(1), as a factual argument, first prove the first (last) sentence, and then prove the central argument; (2) Prove the first (last) sentence as a reason argument, and then prove the central argument; (3) Explain the front (back) of the word. (describe the characteristics of things)
Common writing methods and expressions:
Association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, contrast, desire to promote first, suppress first and then promote, see the big from the small, express ambition with things, reason with things, express people with things, express things with things, express things with scenes, blend scenes with things, express things with things, use allusions, express one's thoughts directly, combine static and dynamic, and so on.
What do "this" and "them" mean?
1, generally looking forward, will not exceed the first three sentences;
2. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate.
Words used in sentence feature evaluation
Accurate, rigorous, vivid, vivid, easy to understand, concise, concise, infectious, rhythmic, euphemistic, meaningful, thought-provoking, profound, stimulating reading interest, thorough reasoning and convincing.
Solution to the problem of word limitation
1, complete and accurate statement according to the topic requirements (don't think too much about the number of words at this time);
2. Simplify according to the number of words: ① Remove irrelevant modifiers; ② Turn disyllabic words into monosyllabic words; ③ Use abbreviations (especially place names).
3. Read the sentences that match the meaning of the question and the number of words. Are there any language diseases? If there is, it must be revised. Make sentences concise, complete, smooth and clear.
Sentence function, meaning analysis and sentence appreciation
1, this sentence uses the related words "although ... but not only" ... and ... "both of which are used to express the progressive relationship, and both of them are used to emphasize the latter.
2. The function of inverted sentences: it is often to emphasize the previous part (that is, to move to the front). For example, "I'm sorry, you're not good" means that the degree of "you're not good" is "I'm sorry". Another example is "bad, I think", which is to clearly emphasize that the author's evaluation of "Lei Feng Sunset Red" is "bad".
3. Evaluate and appreciate a sentence: We should start from two aspects, first evaluate the characteristics of writing and language, such as what rhetoric and expression are used, the language is vivid or beautiful or symmetrical or accurate and rigorous, or verbs and adjectives are used, and then evaluate the ideological connotation, that is, clarify what views this sentence expresses and what feelings, enlightenment and education it gives you. ...
4. The analysis of the meaning of a sentence can also start with the analysis of keywords, focusing on the meaning of keywords in a specific context.
5. When analyzing a sentence in an explanatory paragraph, it is important to buckle the explanatory content, the characteristics of the explanatory object and the characteristics of the explanatory language (accurate and vivid).
6. When analyzing a sentence in a narrative paragraph, it is important to recognize the specific atmosphere, the feelings expressed and the characteristics of the characters.
7. When analyzing the sentences in the argumentative paragraphs, we should correctly deduct the argument (or the central argument of the full text or the sub-argument of the paragraph) and the characteristics of the argumentative language.
Junior high school reading answering skills:
1, the function of the first paragraph, the function of the middle paragraph or sentence, and the function of the last paragraph.
We can answer this question from two aspects: for the first paragraph, structurally speaking, it is to write down the topic, point out the center of the article, get straight to the point, get the full text, or play a role in causing the following; From the content point of view, it is to pave the way for the following, and to pave the way for the description of the following content. The problem in the middle part plays a bridge role in the structure. The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of the article, make people remember deeply and take care of the theme.
2. What thoughts and feelings does the article express?
This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones are singing, praising, loving, admiring, moving, happy, longing, shock, missing, melancholy, faint sadness, regret, missing relatives in hometown, or boredom, hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief, regret and so on. Between the lines of the article, we can see the feelings of the general author, some of them may be written more implicitly, and some of them are directly expressed.
3. Summarize the main idea of the article.
For this kind of topic, you must read the full text carefully several times before answering, and then you can answer with such key words: "The story of crossing ..., you praised (praised) the author's thoughts and feelings and revealed profound truth ...".
We can also find from the article that in every paragraph of the article, especially the first or last sentence of the first or last paragraph, the philosophical sentences in the article are often the theme that the author wants to express.
4. What expressions are used in underlined sentences? What's the role?
When we see this type of topic, we must first look at the expression used in this sentence, which is narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. In particular, description is divided into character description, scenery description and comprehensive scenery description. Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detail description. The function of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching.
The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. If there are some fairy tales, folklore and descriptions of magical scenes in nature, its function is to increase the mystery of what is written and arouse readers' interest.
5. What rhetorical devices are used in a sentence in the text? What's the role?
There are many, and there are eight commonly used ones: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question. Among them, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and parallelism are the most tested.
Metaphor has three functions: first, it simplifies profound truths and helps people deepen their body odor; The second is to make abstract things concrete and easy to accept; The third is to visualize the summary and give a vivid impression.
The role of personification is to make readers not only have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings about things. Using personification to express things you like can make them vivid and make people feel more intimate and natural. Things that show hatred can be ugly and give people a strong sense of disgust.
The function of exaggeration is to deeply express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus causing readers to scream strongly; Rendering the image of things can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things.
The function of parallelism lies in highlighting the center of the article, expressing strong and unrestrained emotions and enhancing the momentum of language; It is an important link to improve the expression effect. There are also overlapping words and short sentences, which make the article full of rhythm, beautiful rhyme and catchy to read.
Quotes are often used in rhetoric. Sometimes, in reading comprehension, poems, celebrity stories and related contents in celebrity language or celebrity works will be quoted. The question will be "What is the function of the quoted content in the article?" When answering this question, we should pay attention to two key words. One is "to set off the quality of the narrative object and highlight the spirit of the protagonist". The above questions must be answered in combination with the specific content of the article.
6. What does a sentence in the text mean? Or tell us something profound? Please tell me your understanding.
The answer to the question is not simply to find ready-made sentences from the text, which requires our students to read more and accumulate more at ordinary times, read more and remember some famous philosophical sayings, so as to truly understand the meaning of the article, enrich the answers and accurately express their understanding of the article in their own language. Reading comprehension of expository texts.