For example, Bai Le's "Color VII" series ink, CrystalDiskInfo's Kanban Crystal VII, Du Du, the heroine of the famous Galgame "Beautiful Girl Mirror-Never Forget Grass", and many other names.
However, what does the word "Yong" mean? How should I read it? I believe most people don't know much about this.
The author also explored with the same confusion and found that the meaning and pronunciation of the word "Yong" are varied, and there are at least five different usages according to the different language environment.
Japanese national training Chinese character "Yong"
Presumably, most people know the word "Yong" because of Japanese anime and games. In fact, in addition to ACGN works, the word "Yong" is also widely used in Japan-many people's first names and even surnames contain the word "Yong", and many place names contain the word "Yong" ... Although the word "Yong" does not belong to Japanese commonly used Chinese characters, it has often appeared in literary and artistic works in recent years.
Looking through the Japanese dictionary, the explanation of "Yong" is as follows:
Chinese characters, rain, rain, rain, rain, rain, rain. So it's raining, it's raining. (Shinohara Yoshizo, Tian Fei Liang Wen's Dictionary of Chinese Characters, published by Tokyo Hall) Knowing that it rains means it rains. (Bai Chuanjing's Popular Edition of Character System, Pingfan Society) ぽたんぽたんとちる liquid. (Hideo Sasaki, ディリーコンサィススス Mandarin Dictionary edited by Sanshengtang).
\ 舵 \ is generally regarded as a Japanese character, which means water drop, water drop, raindrop, dew drop or the drop of quantifier. The Chinese pronunciation is "だ" and the training is "しず".
The so-called harmonious Chinese characters or Japanese Chinese characters refer to the Chinese characters forged by Japanese people according to Chinese character-making methods such as "Liu Shu".
However, some "Chinese characters based on harmony" have actually been invented in China for a long time, but they have not spread to Japan because they are relatively uncommon; There are also some "Chinese characters based on harmony" used in Japanese, because the Japanese have given new meanings to the uncommon words used by China. These two words are also called "national training" (こっくん). The word "Yong" should also be a national motto.
Lei Ju Ming Chao and Amethyst Collection, the first Japanese dictionaries to include the word "Wei", were written in the first half of12nd century, and their definitions are similar to those of China's dictionary "Long Xue Hand Mirror" (120th century).
However, the word "Yong" in modern Chinese can only be found in Ji Yongji (not earlier than 1559), Ji Yongji in the seventeenth year of Tianzheng (1589) and Crane Zi Zheng Pu Tong (18th century).
Therefore, we have reason to believe that the word "Yong" in Japanese is not a narrow Japanese word, but a national motto-a China Chinese character endowed with pronunciation and meaning by the Japanese.
Since "Yong" in Japanese is a "national training word" given by the Japanese to train pronunciation, there will naturally be no standard Chinese pronunciation. However, we can infer the pronunciation of "Yong" according to the agreed homonym in Japanese.
The training and reading of the word "di" is also "di", which means the same as the word "di", so we can read the word "di" and use "d Ρ".
In addition, in 2005, the Language and Character Information Management Department of the State Language Commission issued the "Japanese Chinese Character Pronunciation Standard (Draft)", which made general provisions on the pronunciation of Chinese Putonghua for homophonic Chinese characters, and specially formulated the pronunciation of Chinese Putonghua for 32 commonly used homophonic Chinese characters. The word "forever" is also located in it, pronounced "xià".
However, the author personally believes that it is inevitable to interpret the meaning word as a pictophonetic word across the board; The pronunciation here has nothing to do with the original meaning and is easy to cause misunderstanding. In view of the original intention, it is obviously more appropriate to pronounce "Yong" as "D: He" in Japanese.
The common word "Yong" in Buddhist scriptures
It is natural that the word "Yong" can't be found in Xinhua Dictionary. At this time, we will sacrifice two killer weapons-the big dictionary "Chinese Dictionary" and "Chinese Ci Hai".
However, even The Chinese Dictionary and The Sea of Chinese Characters only give the pronunciation and the source of pronunciation, but do not explain the word.
However, since all the criticisms are directed at Notes on the Dragon's Cave, why don't we just check it out?
It is necessary to introduce "Notes on the Dragon Point" here. Longkeng Manual, formerly known as Mirror of Longkeng, is a dictionary compiled by monks in Yuzhou, Liao Dynasty, using words collected from handwritten Buddhist scriptures at that time. Most of the collected contents are commonly used words in handwritten Buddhist scriptures, and their pronunciation, glyphs and meanings are explained.
Buddhism was widely spread in China during the Six Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. At that time, engraving printing technology had just been invented, and there were few Buddhist scriptures. Most Buddhist scriptures are mainly copied by hand.
However, the cultural literacy of copywriting is uneven, and vulgar characters, variant characters and typos prevail in handwritten Buddhist scriptures; The separatist regime in the Six Dynasties, the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties resulted in the lack of unified standards for Chinese characters, and the proliferation of folk characters in various places, with great differences.
All these have brought great difficulties to Buddhists in reading and learning Buddhist scriptures. However, the royal family in Liao Dynasty advocated Buddhism, and the number of folk believers also increased greatly. It is even more urgent to explain the folk characters of Buddhist scriptures with word books and rhyme books. At this moment, our hero Shi Hang appeared.
He bravely shouldered the heavy responsibility, compiled more than 26,430 Buddhist scriptures collected into a book, and marked them with normal and vulgar styles to explain the sound and meaning. "You are fascinated by the dragon niche of Xinyin, and you still have a mirror in your hand. You describe the mirror as a mirror, and there are ugly points", hence the name "Dragon niche hand mirror".
Therefore, the word "forever" is probably also a popular word in Buddhism.
However, when the author excitedly rummaged through the word "Yong" in Notes on the Dragon Cave, he was greatly disappointed: there was really only this sentence.
The meaning of this sentence is: the word "Yong" is a vulgar word with two opposite pronunciations: "slave few" and "slave wide".
The so-called anti-tangent is a traditional phonetic notation method in ancient China. Specifically speaking, it is to cut words with initials, and cut words with finals and tones. Therefore, considering the changes of the middle ancient sounds, the word "Yong" may be pronounced as n m and nu m n in Putonghua.
However, The Notes on the Dragon Cave did not explain the meaning of the word "Yong".
In fact, this phenomenon is not uncommon in the Notes of the Dragon Cave. Because there are many sources of Chinese characters collected in the Dragon's Point Manual, many words are only known by the author when they are collected, and the original meaning of these words has become an eternal unsolved case, which cannot be verified.
However, in recent years, with reference to other ancient dictionaries and documents in China, as well as ancient books in Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other places, many scholars have made textual research and research on the unsolved Chinese characters in Longxue Notes, and successfully excavated the original meanings of many Chinese characters.
According to this idea, we can also examine the original meaning of the word "Wei" according to Japanese characters. In other words, since the word "Yong" in Japanese originated from China, will the original meaning of the word "Yong" in Chinese be a drop of water?
On this question, the author found the answer in Helya by Japanese scholar Yoshihara.
Erya is the earliest dictionary copy in China. It was published in the seventh year of Luyuan (1694), with eight volumes and nine volumes. It contains not only commonly used Chinese words, but also Japanese place names and festivals, so it was named Erya.
The eighth volume of He Shi Bi is accompanied by a miscellaneous part, which lists "Japanese folk misrepresentation of meaning", and the content is that the author thinks that Japanese folk misrepresent its meaning.
And the word "brave" is also among the "Japanese vulgar erroneous teachings". The original good ancient wrote:
Wei's "Continued Lexical Supplement" is sparse in cloud, close in sound and lacking in meaning. Those who think that Japanese customs are a little bit have never tried.
Continued Dictionary Supplement was the title of Dictionary Supplement written by Qing Dynasty scholar Wu Renchen when it was printed in Japan. There are many vulgar words in Dictionary Supplement, and most of their explanations come from Longxue Notes, and the word "Meng" is no exception.
The meaning of this sentence is clear. Hiroyuki Kitahara first quoted the explanation of the word "forever" in the supplement of the continuation word (it is a few words, and the pronunciation is similar to that, so I won't explain it), and then wrote that the Japanese think that this word represents a little bit and did not study it carefully.
In this way, we can be sure that the reason why the word "Yong" is used in Chinese is not water droplets, but the meaning of water droplets only appears when the Japanese use it as a folk word.
However, the original meaning of the word "Wei" has not been verified so far. Maybe a volume of unearthed documents will be clear in a few years; It may also be hidden in the red dust of history forever, and no one knows.
The ancient and powerful word "Wei"
Sawndip, also known as Guzhuang characters, is a kind of national folk writing in which Zhuang ancestors imitated the six-character method of Chinese characters and recorded Zhuang language with Chinese characters and their components. Zhuang language is called "(? Book history? Li Sheng), the Roman word of Zhuang language is written as Sawndip, which means a new word, meaning immature. China literature is called "vernacular".
Looking up the dictionary of ancient Zhuang characters, we can see that "Yong" is also an ancient Zhuang character, which is a word (? Tianxia) is a variant, pronounced laj, which means cotton.
The word "Meng" in Chaozhou dialect
Chaozhou dialect, also known as Chaoshan dialect, is a branch of Minnan dialect, named after its use in Chaoshan area (ancient Chaozhou prefecture).
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, many people of insight compiled many dictionaries with similar styles and easy learning in order to facilitate the teaching of Chaozhou dialect. These dictionaries all have the same name-Chaoshan Fifteen-tone Dictionary.
The so-called "fifteen tones" refers to the initial 15. This dictionary uses 15 Chinese characters to represent 15 initials, so it is called a "fifteen-tone" dictionary. This dictionary is actually a list of homophones arranged together. These word lists are written in vowels; Take the initials as the weft and the tone as the warp, and then spell out the pronunciation by the method of reverse tangent.
Because there are homophones in the same grid (page), as long as you recognize the pronunciation of a common or simple word, you can also learn the pronunciation of other words. This kind of dictionary is suitable for readers of all educational levels, so it is deeply loved by people once it is launched; And people are constantly compiling and improving new versions. Up to now, Chaoshan Fifteen-Tone Dictionary has more than 30 editions with a total circulation of several million copies.
According to the literature, the first officially published fifteen-tone dictionary was written by Zhang Shizhen, a businessman in Shantou, and published by Yin Shi Society of Shantou Book and Newspaper on 19 13. The second volume, Fifteen Tones Dictionary, is the Complete Works of Fifteen Tones, which was published in 19 15 and signed "Jiangxia Maoting Family".
I found the word "harmony" when I was looking through the Complete Works of Elegance and Vulgarity.
The Complete Works of Elegance and Vulgarity is actually a simplified fifteen-tone dictionary, or it is more appropriate to call it a homophone list. Because the Complete Works of Elegance and Vulgarity does not list the definitions of most words, but only gives their pronunciations; Only uncommon words can be explained simply.
"Wei" is obviously a rare Chinese character in Chaozhou dialect, and the author gives a thoughtful explanation-"Wei Wu".
But the pronunciation of the word "Yong" in Chaozhou dialect can be determined. The word "Yong" is located on the vowel of "Liu" in the "Official" part of "Elegance and Custom", so the pronunciation of Chaozhou dialect should be [nuan2] according to the phonetic scheme of Chaozhou dialect, and the international phonetic symbol should be [n] or [nu] (Shantou dialect).
It is worth noting that this pronunciation is slightly similar to the pronunciation recorded in the Notes on the Dragon Point. Whether it is a word or not is left to experts and scholars in this field to study.
Simplified Chinese character "Yong"
1977 12.20 "the second simplified scheme of Chinese characters (draft)" was published, and the word "zhongzhong" was designated as the simplified word of "Xia". 1June 24, 986, the scheme was abolished, and the character "Yong" ended as a simplified character.
It should be noted that because the word "rain" has also been simplified (a little bit left and right), there is only a little rain prefix rudder on both sides of the word "rain".
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Mr. Chen Yinque once said: "According to the standard of exegetics today, every word explained is a cultural history."
The word "Yong" has different meanings in different times, different regions and different nationalities, which proves that Chinese characters have a long history and are widely spread. Studying the history of a Chinese character is like looking back at human civilization, and you can see infinite scenery in your eyes.