The original Zhang Hengchuan:
Ping Zi, Zhang Heng, was born in Xi 'e, Nanyang. Hengshan Mountain belongs to the literature and swims in the third auxiliary. Because when I entered the capital, I saw imperial academy, learned the Five Classics and thoroughly understood the Six Arts. Although only above the world, there is no arrogance. Often leisurely, it is not easy to make laymen. In Yongyuan, filial piety is not good, and even building a house is not good. The world is long, since the princes are next, there is no shortage. Heng Nai designated Ban Gu's Er Du Fu as Er Du Fu because of its satirical admonition. If you think about it carefully, you will succeed in ten years. General Deng Zhi is so talented that he shouldn't be called when he is tired.
Good balance, smart, especially thinking about astronomy, yin and yang, calendar calculation. Andy heard about Hengshan's medical skills and the characteristics of bus worshipping doctors, so he moved to Taishiling. So he studied Yin and Yang, made a wonderful record of the truth, made a planetarium, wrote spiritual lines and calculations, which were very detailed.
At the beginning of Shun Di, he turned around and became a formal monk. If you don't envy the present world, the officials of the world you live in will not migrate for several years. It has been five years since I left my post as a historian.
In the first year of Yangjia, the seismograph after the wind was rebuilt. It is made of copper and has a diameter of eight feet. It is covered and raised in the shape of a wine statue, a turtle decorated with seal script, a bird and a beast. All of them are pillars, eight-way, and the engine is turned off. There are eight dragons outside. The first one is a copper pill, and the next one is a toad. Open your mouth and accept it. Its teeth are cleverly made, all hidden in respect, and its coverage is endless.
If there is an earthquake, the statue will shake the dragon, the machine will spit out pills and the toad will hold it. The vibration was so exciting that the waiters noticed it. Although Yilong started the engine, Qige didn't move, and the air was full of places that knew about the earthquake. Test it with something, it is like a god. Since it is recorded in the book, there is nothing left. After tasting the opportunity of Yi Long, I didn't know its meaning, and the scholars in the capital blamed it for its lack of levy. A few days later, the post arrived, and there was an earthquake in Longxi. Everyone was convinced. Since then, it has made historians remember what to do.
When political affairs are gradually damaged and power moves to the lower level, the balance is based on the past. After moving clothes, the emperor led the way and satirized the discussion. Ask the sick and evil people in the world. Eunuchs are afraid of their own destruction, and they all see it in their eyes, and the scales are specious. I'm afraid I'll be castrated eventually, so I swear. Always thinking about the body, thinking that good or bad depends on the body, which is difficult to understand. It was written as "Fu Xuan" to express feelings.
At the beginning of Yonghe, it was a river phase. At that time, the king was arrogant and disobeyed the constitution; How arrogant, * * * is not good. Weigh the car, rule the majesty, improve the statutes, know the name of the traitor by Yin, and gather birds for a while, which is called politics. For three years, I have written to beg for bones and worship ministers. In sixty-two, Yonghe died in four years.
Zhang Hengchuan's translation and annotation;
Zhang Heng, a native of Nanyang County. Zhang Heng was good at writing articles when he was young. I went to the "Sanfu" area to study, and took the opportunity to study in imperial academy. So he familiarized himself with the Five Classics and mastered the Six Arts. Although his talent is higher than ordinary people, he is not arrogant. He usually behaves calmly and calmly, and doesn't like to associate with secular people.
In the first year of Yongzheng, he was elected as Lian Xiao, but he should not be recommended. He was called up by the government many times and did not take office. At this time, the society was peaceful for a long time, and there was no extravagance from princes and nobles to ordinary officials. Zhang Heng then imitated Ban Gu's Du Du Fu and wrote Du Jing Fu to satirize and remonstrate (the imperial court). It took ten years to finish (this poem, he) carefully conceived and polished. Deng Zhi, the general, thought he was brilliant, and he called him up many times, but he didn't go.
Zhang Heng is good at ingenious thinking in instrument manufacturing, especially in astronomy, meteorology and calendar calculation. Han Andi often heard that he was good at mathematics, so he ordered the bus to recruit him and appointed him as a doctor. Moved to Taishiling twice. Therefore, Zhang Heng carefully studied and inspected Yin and Yang studies (including astronomy, meteorology and calendar), brilliantly studied the correct principles of astronomical instruments, made armymen, and wrote books such as Lingxian and Suanjing, which were extremely detailed.
In the early years of (Korea), (Zhang Heng) was transferred to Taishiling twice. Zhang Heng didn't curry favor with those dignitaries at that time, and his position has never been promoted for many years. It has been five years since he left Taishiling, and he has returned here.
In Yangjiayuan, Shun Di, Zhang Heng made a seismograph for waiting for the wind. This seismograph is made of pure copper and has a diameter of 8 feet. The top and bottom cover together, with a bulge in the middle, looks like a big wine bottle. The outside is decorated with seal characters and patterns of mountains, turtles, birds and animals. There is a thick copper column in the center of the interior, and eight slideways extend from the four GAI of the copper column, and a hinge is installed to toggle the parts. There are eight dragons outside.
Longkou each contains a copper pill, and there is a toad and Zhang Zhu's mouth under the faucet, ready to catch the copper pill spit out by Longkou. The hub and parts of the musical instrument are beautifully made, and they are all hidden in the wine-shaped musical instrument, which is tightly covered without any gaps. If there is an earthquake, the dragon outside the instrument will vibrate, the mechanism will start, the dragon mouth will spit out copper pills, and the toad below will catch them. The sound of Tongmaru earthquake was crisp and loud, so the people waiting for the plane learned the news of the earthquake.
When the earthquake happened, only one stop mechanism was started, and the other seven faucets did not move at all. According to the direction pointed by the vibrating faucet, we can know the direction of the earthquake. The actual earthquake is used to test the instruments, which are completely consistent with each other and really effective. Judging from the records of ancient books, there is no such instrument.
Once a one-stop mechanism was launched, but Luoyang did not feel the earthquake, and scholars in Beijing were surprised that it did not come true this time. A few days later, the courier from the post office came to prove that there was an earthquake in Longxi, and everyone was amazed at the wonder of the seismograph. After that, the court instructed the historian to record the location of each earthquake according to the seismograph.
At that time, politics was dark and the central power was transferred downwards, so Zhang Heng wrote to the emperor to state these things. Later, he was promoted to an auxiliary middle school, and the emperor let him enter the palace to make suggestions on national politics around the emperor. The emperor once asked Zhang Heng, who does the world hate? The eunuch was afraid that Zhang Heng would tell them that they all winked at him, so Zhang Heng didn't tell the truth to the emperor. But after all, those officials were afraid that Zhang Heng would become a disaster, so they slandered him together.
Zhang Heng often thinks about his own safety. He thinks that blessing is related to misfortune, which is deep and subtle and difficult to see clearly. So he wrote "Fu Xuan" to express and entrust his feelings.
(Han Shundi) In the early years of Yonghe, Zhang Heng was transferred from the capital and became the king of Hejian. At that time, Hejian Wang was arrogant and extravagant, and did not abide by the system and laws; There are also many rich families, and rich and powerful families run amok together.
After Zhang Heng took office, his administration was strict. He made laws and regulations and secretly found out the name of the traitor. He was arrested and detained at the same time, so he was awed and obedient and praised him for handling political affairs well. (Zhang Heng) worked in Hejian for three years, and wrote a letter to the imperial court, demanding to resign and go home. The imperial court appointed him as an official. Zhang Heng lived sixty-two years and Yu Yonghe died in four years.
Remarks: 1. Excerpted from Zhang Hengchuan in the Later Han Dynasty (Zhonghua Book Company, 1965 edition). Ye Fan (398-445), born in the Southern Song Dynasty, is a historian.
2. Nanyang Xi 'e: Xi 'e County in Nanyang County, in present-day Nanyang, Henan Province.
3. Genus (zhǔ) article: Write an article. Genus, link.
4. Sanfu Tourism: Studying in Sanfu area. Travel, travel and study tour refer to inspection and study.
5. Shi Jing refers to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty (now Luoyang, Henan).
6. imperial academy: The highest institution of learning in ancient China, founded by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.
7. Hey: So.
8, clearance: familiar, comprehensive and thorough understanding.
9. Infiltration: Infiltration and "communication" are synonyms.
10, Five Classics: During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, history books, Li, Yi and Chunqiu were also called the Five Classics.