Su Wen said that when food enters the stomach, it overflows the essence, which is transported to the lungs, waterways and bladder. Looking at this, we can know that all drugs with mild penetration go up first and then down, rather than plummeting. "Let's have a look," Smell Light and Permeate "will push it up, isn't it a bit awkward? Generally, we can't find the inevitable connection between dilution and upward movement. Quoting Su Wen's saying that "the essence overflows and loses to the lungs" can only show that the stomach gas is rushing up, not the poria itself, because all drugs are transported by the stomach gas. We think it is right that Poria cocos can go up and down, but not necessarily in order.
Some plants are evergreen all the year round, either because of abundant yang, such as pine trees; Or those suffering from yin-qi foot, such as asparagus and Ophiopogon japonicus. Because pine trees are full of yang and can resist the cold in winter, they will not wither; So what about asparagus and Ophiopogon japonicus? We say that the yin is abundant in winter, but the yin is more abundant in Maidong. In such a relative comparison, winter becomes yang instead, that is, for Ophiopogon japonicus, the four seasons are like spring, while for Ophiopogon japonicus, the four seasons are like sun, so they don't wither. This may be the meaning of their name "winter".
Because they themselves are "winter". Pine trees are full of yang, and poria cocos grows on the roots of cut pine trees. What information can this give us? The soul of the sun rises in the uncut pine trees. After being cut down, this road is broken, and the spirit of the sun can only stay at the roots. Imagine that the sun of pine trees was very strong, and now the roots are depressed, so the local sun is more prosperous. These young people must be unstable here. We say that solitary yin is not born, and solitary yang is not long. This group of surplus yang should absorb the surrounding yin to maintain balance.
Drug farmers have an experience in finding poria cocos, that is, after the rain, the stumps with poria cocos dry quickly, or the grass doesn't grow long, which shows that this group of yang is absorbing a lot of yin and body fluid. So Poria cocos is a complex of Yang and suction yin when it grows up. Then after poria cocos enters the body, there is no source of yang provided by pine roots. I'm afraid this state of attraction between yin and yang can't be maintained, and it will split. Just like Pangu created the world, Yin and Yang should be separated. We know that those who are light and clear are floating in the sky, while those who are heavy and turbid are condensed on the ground. In this way, it can clear yang upwards, nourish the heart and spleen, promote fluid production and open phlegm; Turbid yin decreases, diuresis is wet. Therefore, the function of Poria cocos is to divide yin and yang, and its rise and fall are synchronous, rather than rising first and then falling.
If chemical reaction is used as an analogy, the formation of poria cocos is a chemical reaction-yin and yang attract each other; Poria cocos is a decomposition reaction in the body-the separation of yin and yang. Of course, these two reactions are not completely separate. They keep an equilibrium, which seems to be called a reversible reaction in chemistry. With the different external conditions, the equilibrium point can be moved to the left or right. Poria cocos does not decompose when it grows, but the trend of combination of yin and yang is greater than decomposition. In the body, the opposite is true.
Wang believes that Poria cocos "can stop urination, but it can facilitate urination". Why is there such a two-way adjustment? Because poria cocos is mainly divided into yin and yang in the body, it is not incompatible, but a reversible reaction. If you urinate too much, it means that the yin and yang of the body tend to be excessively divided, the switch is relative, and poria cocos is "off" relative to the body; On the contrary, the disadvantage of urinating is that in qi stagnation water, Yin and Yang can't be separated, and the body's Yin and Yang are excessively combined, so Poria is "divided" relative to the body. It can be seen that whether Poria cocos is "divided" or "combined" in the body depends on the state of the body. I can't make it mandatory to go up first and then go down. I have read many documents and mentioned that Poria cocos rose first and then fell, but I have never understood how "successively" came from. After sweating with typhoid fever, deficiency of heart qi and adverse reaction of kidney water may all lead to dolphin running. At this time, Poria cocos is a very important medicine, which not only makes use of its light osmotic diuretic effect, but also makes use of its rising yang to replenish the heart.
The classic records that it can "frighten evil spirits and fear shock" and "soothe the soul and nourish the spirit for a long time". Obviously, it is impossible to nourish the heart only by the subtle influence of light, and it is not appropriate to explain it only from the perspective of nourishing the heart. We still have to understand it from the perspective of yin and yang. "Surprise, fear" in addition to the lack of yang, there are also factors of lax heart, too "points", the same as excessive urination. With the attraction of yin and yang, ideas can be absorbed. It not only combines the yin and yang of the heart to treat wet dream in men, but also combines the yin and yang of the spleen and kidney in women. Poria cocos is still an important expectorant. Phlegm is not the same as drinking. The drinking texture is thin, so it can be penetrated by light, like sprinkling some dry soil on a pool of water. Phlegm is sticky, and only the method of light infiltration can only make it more sticky, which is not conducive to expectoration. Therefore, Poria cocos is still used for resolving phlegm and separating yin and yang. Because the formation of phlegm is also due to the failure of ascending and descending order, yin and yang are mixed. After using poria cocos, the clear yang rises, the turbid yin drops, and the phlegm really "melts". Let's talk about the treatment of phlegm. Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine have different ideas on treating phlegm. Phlegm in the eyes of western medicine can only be discharged. The treatment is to use some diluted sputum such as mucosolvan. After taking the medicine, the patient reflected that vomiting was effective and refreshing. Although Chinese medicine also advocates outward excretion, such as using some drugs such as fresh bamboo juice, it is not limited to eliminating phlegm. In addition to excretion, it can be dissolved in the body. "Hua" means turning tangible things into invisible qi. After using Erchen decoction, the patient may not spit much sputum, but it may reflect that there is less sputum, because the sputum is no longer visible. It seems that Chinese medicine and western medicine are the same, but they are actually different. The phlegm of western medicine can only go up, and it will be troublesome to fall down. In the eyes of traditional Chinese medicine, the lung is a bottomless bell jar. Not only does the lung have no bottom, but even the diaphragm is there, so it is really incredible that phlegm in traditional Chinese medicine can often be discharged from the large intestine.
Umbrella fungus
The closest medicine to Poria is of course Polyporus umbellatus, which is a fungus under the roots of trees. Therefore, the explanation of the medicinal properties of Polyporus umbellatus should also be compared with Poria cocos, without another set of theories. As for the difference between Poria cocos and Polyporus, Zou Shu studied it from the difference between pine trees and maple trees. "The Book Certificate in the Classic": "Fu Song is tall and straight, vigorous and powerful; Maple trees are almost fragile and easily shaken. Loose principle is rough; The principle of maple leaf is firm and thin. Pine needles are green in winter and uneven; Maple leaves are fresh and red in winter, and then autumn. It is a combination of rigidity and softness, which is obviously extraordinary. Poria cocos belongs to yang, and the stopped water does not turn to yang; Polyporus belongs to yin, and the water for treating swelling does not turn from yin.
Zou Shu also gave an example behind it. Zhongjing's treatment with Polyporus is mostly dry and thirsty. Most of the symptoms treated by poria prescription are not thirst (except Wuling powder, because both of them use Wuling powder). Because pine trees are full of yang, Poria cocos contains a lot of yang and has a large growth. The yang of maple trees is not as strong as that of pine trees, so the yang of Polyporus umbellatus is not as sufficient as that of Poria cocos, and the yang is not strong enough to strengthen suction yin, which leads to the size of Polyporus umbellatus is not as good as Poria cocos. Poria cocos began to grow after the pine trees were cut down. Why can Polyporus umbellatus grow under a maple tree that has not been cut down? Because pine trees don't shed their leaves in winter, maple trees do. Pine trees are full of yang, and when they are not cut, the yang keeps rising. After cutting, they have no way to go before returning to their roots. Maple trees are different. In winter, with the fall of maple leaves, the spirit of the sun has returned to its roots, and ling can be born without cutting down.
Because Poria cocos belongs to Yang and Polyporus umbellatus belongs to Yin, Huang Yuanyu thinks that Polyporus umbellatus "seeps water and is more agile than Poria cocos." Because of its strong permeability, the effect of aphrodisiac is insufficient compared with poria cocos. Lei Gong's baking theory suggested that "steaming Cimicifuga leaves for one day" may be to make up for its lack of scavenging ability. Yang Shitai's exposition of Polyporus umbellatus is the most profound: "The husband and yin are inseparable, and if they leave, they will get sick. This taste can separate yin and yang from yin ... The classic is mainly malaria, but in the Tang Dynasty, it is used to treat malaria, and yin and yang are separated from yin, which is consistent with the saying that Xiyang rises slightly. "
In a word, Poria cocos and Polyporus umbellatus are complexes of Yang and suction yin, which can combine or differentiate Yin and Yang in the body. Regulate the reversible reaction of yin and yang in the body. When yin and yang are entangled in the body, phlegm-dampness can be formed, and phlegm-dampness can be removed through the separation of yin and yang. When the yin and yang in the body are too dispersed, there will be diseases such as unconsciousness, nocturnal emission and leukorrhagia. Poria cocos can attract yin and yang and achieve the purpose of tonifying the heart and kidney. The difference between Poria cocos and Polyporus umbellatus is that Poria cocos is sunny and Polyporus umbellatus is cloudy, and Polyporus umbellatus is more degradable than Poria cocos.
Zexie
In the book "The Origin of Medicine", Alisma orientalis is considered to have "four functions: entering the kidney meridian, one is also; In addition to the old water to raise new water, second; Urine, three also; Swelling sores, four also. " We think the key point is to "get rid of the old and keep the new". Alisma orientalis is recognized by doctors as diuresis and dampness, and there is nothing worth analyzing. But at the same time, it can "activate yin" and "quench thirst", which reflects that its function is not single. Many physicians therefore divide water into two categories, for example, Liu Qianjiang divides water into real water and ordinary water; Zou Shu is divided into raw water and cooked water; They enrich our understanding of water from different angles. I think, to get to the point, "The Origin of Medicine" is more concise.
Water in the body can be divided into two categories. One is "obedience" to meet the needs of physiological activities. This kind can be called fresh water, but it is actually the normal body fluid of the human body; The other is unruly, which can cause dizziness, palpitation, thirst, vomiting, benefit and other symptoms in the body. This kind of water can be called old water, but it is actually drinkable water. These two kinds of water can't exist in harmony, and there are always winners and losers. Alisma orientale's role is nothing more than fighting rebellion and supporting obedience. Old water is generally used by the body and is dirty. When Alisma orientalis removes the old water, it is equivalent to washing away the dirt in the body. It is said in the classics that it can treat wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, and wind medicine is generally used to treat wind-cold-dampness arthralgia. Why can Alisma orientalis do it? Treating joint pain with wind medicine is equivalent to dry cleaning, while using Alisma orientale is just washing.
Zou Shu said: "If the wind, cold and dampness are solved, the water will disappear, which is not vulgar." "Bielu" recorded that it can "expel bladder". Later, the doctor thought it could dispel damp heat, which probably means washing away dirt. Alisma orientalis, Poria cocos and Polyporus umbellatus have diuretic effect, but Alisma orientalis also has hypolipidemic effect, while the other two flavors do not. What we call hyperlipidemia in Chinese medicine seems to be dirty things mixed in blood and deposited on blood vessels. Alisma orientalis can clean dirt, so it can reduce blood fat. Although the other two flavors are also beneficial to water, they lack decontamination ability, just like using water without soap. Alisma orientalis can even wash away the deposits of cold-dampness arthralgia, not to mention blood lipids. Some anti-TCM people, such as Fang, think that it is unsafe to contain Alisma orientalis in Liuwei Dihuang Pill. He said that after feeding the feed containing Alisma orientalis extract for 3 months, the liver of rats showed turbid swelling and glassy degeneration, and the epithelial cells of proximal renal tubules showed swelling and vacuolar degeneration.
In short, because the literature records that the efficacy of Alisma orientalis is two-way, it can not only promote diuresis, dispel damp heat, but also promote Yin Qi, nourish the five internal organs, and improve hearing and eyesight. There are only two ways for later generations to explain, or they can be divided into two directions, with the way of first up and then down, first down and then up; Or explain water in two ways. Let's summarize the literature, basically these two ideas. It is more in line with the reality of human body to divide water into two kinds. There are normal body fluids and abnormal water to drink in the body. In Treatise on Febrile Diseases, it is often said that patients who have water to drink are thirsty, that is to say, they cannot quench their thirst and have no effect on body fluids. And this thirst for water is also easy to vomit. It can also be seen that drinking water and body fluids are incompatible. Since we can't be at loggerheads, Alisma orientalis naturally gives a hand and attacks it. If you explain it in a top-down way, although it is also very clever, it is difficult to find conclusive evidence. For example, Chen Xiuyuan said: "Alisma orientalis is cold, and the gas of water is also; Sweet and nontoxic, earthy. Born in water and rising, it can enlighten the spirit of water yin and nourish the middle earth. " This reason is not sufficient. Many plants are born in water and rise, such as rice and lotus root, which do not have the function of living water rising. Later, he said, "This thing looks like a garden, with a straight stem and no downward trend, and its effect is like this." What is even more puzzling is that what is the connection between Xingyuan and Ascension? Straight stems are not a feature. Therefore, the explanation of "going up first and then going down" is a bit untenable, or Zhang's "going to the old water to raise new water" is simpler.