Mounting ancient calligraphy and painting requires washing and decontamination, uncovering old patches, filling residual holes, coloring with alum, stabbing and mounting wires, embedding wires, flanging and supporting the back, polishing poles and other processes. But it can be mainly divided into: painting heart, ordering and mounting, etc.
There are several ways to repair some broken and dirty paintings and calligraphy:
1 decontamination. The painting heart turns yellow and black due to smoke. If the color of the picture is stable, you can soak the painting heart in clear water and change the water every once in a while to make it clear. If the stain is heavy, it can be soaked in hot water or poured slowly with boiling water. If the color of the picture returns to lead because of humidity, it can be removed by applying hydrogen peroxide. The painting heart is moldy, black and red, and black mold is easy to be painted. Monascus can be coated with potassium permanganate solution, and then coated with hydrogen peroxide and light oxalic acid water in the later stage. If the mold is not serious, it can be removed at one time. After decontamination with drugs, be sure to coat the heart with clear water to avoid corrosion of paper and silk.
2 uncover the old. Before opening the cover, brush the front of the heart with a brush dipped in clean water or warm water, then cover it with a new piece of paper and put it on the back case to open the cover. There are many cracks in ancient calligraphy and painting. For example, if you don't stick a pad paper before uncovering your heart, it is not easy to file a case after uncovering it. If the local color in the center of the painting is unstable, it should be slightly smeared with light glue alum water and then stuffy after drying. When some broken and rotten painting hearts can't be uncovered that day, put some wet paper balls evenly on the uncovered parts, and then cover them with a plastic film to prevent the painting hearts from cracking and dislocation. When uncovering old paper, the scheme of uncovering old paper should generally be made according to the thickness, residual shape, color and texture of calligraphy and painting.
3 support. The exposed painting heart, if complete, can be made into a thin paste and supported by a layer of old colored paper that is slightly lighter than the living paper. If there is any defect, you can grind off the thin edge of the center of the painting by hand, select the patch paper, correct the texture and grind off the thin edge of the patch edge. Make the thickness of the joint suitable. One way to repair the incomplete silk calligraphy and painting is to expose the silk to dryness, scrape the remaining part into a thin mouth with a knife and stick it on the silk. After the pulp is dry, repair the silk edge to make the repaired mouth fit. Another method is to support a thin layer of silk similar in texture and texture to the precursor. If there is a flaw in the front, you can use ordinary paper to make the back of the supporting wire uniform in thickness, and then polish the edge of the defective painting with a knife after drying. When holding the heart of an old silk painting, dry paper should be used to absorb the paste overflowing from the front, so as to avoid leaving traces of the paste and affecting the "praise" of the old painting.
(4) panchromatic. After the calligraphy and painting are exposed and dried, make sure that the paper silk alum is moderate. Otherwise, the color of alum is transparent when it is light, and the pen lags behind when it is heavy. In full color, the color should be lighter and repeated, so that the color can penetrate into the paper fiber and achieve the effect of uniform tone of the picture. If the painting heart lacks a pen, we should first examine the charm of the painting heart and the characteristics of using a pen, then lightly tick the outline, adjust the color, and then complete it, so that the strokes, strokes and strokes of the painting are complete with the original painting. For some cultural relics with important academic research value, such as classics, books, deeds, etc., if they are incomplete, they don't need to be repaired, just make up the color of the incomplete part to be basically the same as the overall width.
The finished products are mounted into pictures, banners, hand scrolls, album pages, etc. according to the size, shape and content of calligraphy and painting.
(1) painting. Calligraphy and painting are called "painting" and "mirror heart", which are horizontal and vertical. The upper and lower edges of the horizontal wire are the same size, and the two rows are wider than the upper and lower edges of the wire. The two vertical silk edges are the same, and the zenith is slightly larger than the field.
Two banners. Commonly known as the "main hall". The vertical painting center can be installed as a monochrome, two-color or three-color banner. How moderate the head of heaven and earth, the circle of silk and the dividing line are depends on the size of the painting heart. Most horizontal painting hearts are mounted in horizontal or "Xuanhe Mounting". Xuanhe mounting style generally does not include silk edges, only upper and lower partitions, heaven and earth heads and bronze silk edges. At the top of the partition, there are two "ribbons", also called "stunning ribbons". The reverse string is called "crescent pole reverse string", with the top rod attached to the reverse string and the crescent pole attached to both ends. Several vertical paintings with the same content can be mounted into strips, Tong Jingping or couplets. Screen banners in the world and borders should not be too big; Tong Jingping with 4, 6 or 8 stripes, because the pictures are connected, only the upper and lower stripes are inlaid with silk.
3 hand rolls. Long and narrow banners with heart-shaped patterns can be installed as large inlays, small inlays or hand scrolls. The package structure is complex, and the mounting materials of each part should be judged according to certain size specifications, so as to make the picture beautiful and harmonious. Mount the hand roll, pay attention to uneven seams, and avoid splicing the head, heart and tail in a line. The greeting head should be made of old colored gold paper or famous paper such as Tibetan scriptures. Old brocade should be used for Baotou, and jade should be used for hand-rolled picks and shaft heads. If carved with ivory, it will look elegant and strong. In order to avoid damage to Baotou, you can make a soft-packed nanmu or golden mahogany basin.
4 album pages and inscriptions. Generally, a small number of paintings can be mounted into open picture books or push-up picture books respectively. The heart of the album opens on the right, and the poem opens on the left. The sky is slightly bigger than the venue, and the columns and distractions are basically the same as the venue. The painting heart of the canopy album is installed below, and the poem is installed above. The ceiling is equal to the size of the venue, and the width of the column is the same as the width of distraction. Mounted album pages are often inlaid with ribbed paper, which is clean and quaint. The surface of the book can be tapestry or silk paste, or nanmu or mahogany. Trim the pages of the tattoo album neatly. Putting an inscription into an open photo album is called an inscription. The specifications of mounting stickers are similar to those of mounting album pages, but there are many procedures. First of all, wait for the number of words per line, a few lines per page, the position of the head, the year and month, the signature and the postscript, draw the style, and then mount it. For mounting posts, ink paper should be prepared for sewing, and name paper should also be used for the front cover and back cover. Five-inlay folding mounting type, using rice paper instead of silk as inlay.
Silk for mounting calligraphy and painting must be dyed. The color of dyeing should be selected according to the shade, complexity and use of the picture color. The pattern of heaven, earth and Zi Ling is bigger. The small bronze edge used for mounting Xuanhe is supported by silk. The dyed satin and silk are connected with rice paper to adapt to the thickness of the painting heart. Mounted calligraphy and painting are all rice paper, and summer back paper should be brocade. It is also necessary to make the seams of the summer back paper avoid the picture and the head of the character, otherwise it will be forced to curl and damage the picture. Paste is used for mounting, and if it is less, it will be beneficial to draw a plan. The ancients said that "good work uses paste like water". To make a paste, you should throw away the bran and gluten in the flour and cook it with medium heat. When scraping roof poles and floor poles, dry pine or Chinese fir can be used to keep them straight. Painting and calligraphy treasures, with ebony or camphor wood scraping rod, can avoid insects.