1. Guide students to taste and understand the spirit of "dedication and happiness".
2. Extract and accumulate a large number of classic sentences and aphorisms.
3. Two demonstration methods of "example" and "reasoning" are studied preliminarily.
4. Carefully experience the ingenious combination of speech and oral features.
Teaching focus:
1. Guide students to understand the importance of "dedication" and "happiness", contact their own reality, and treat life with dedication and happiness.
2. Understand the structure of this speech.
Teaching difficulties: real understanding and questioning of the spirit of "dedication and joy"
Teaching process:
First, introduce the new lesson and the author.
1. Be careful when importing.
Students, please reflect on your learning spirit and attitude towards life. In the process of your study, can you concentrate and have no distractions? How can you regard learning as a pleasure? To this end, Mr. Liang Qichao put forward the principle of "dedication to happiness". Dedication and Happiness was a speech by Liang Qichao to the students of Shanghai Chinese Vocational School more than 70 years ago. Although more than 70 years have passed, what Mr. Liang Qichao said is still of great educational significance to us. Today, let's study his article "Dedication and Happiness".
Step 2 introduce the author
First, students exchange their own information about Liang Qichao, and then teachers make appropriate supplements.
Multimedia exhibition Liang Qichao (1873- 1929), a modern thinker and famous scholar. 1898 one of the leaders of the reform movement. The word Zhuo Ru,no. Ren Gong, is not the owner of the icehouse. Guangdong Xinhui people. Together with his teacher Kang Youwei, he led the Reform Movement of 1898. He has a wide range of interests and profound knowledge, and has deep attainments in literature, history, philosophy, Buddhism and other fields. He wrote a lot in his life, leaving a collection of restaurants with 148 volumes100000 words.
Second, introduce the basic knowledge of speech.
Multimedia presentation speech is an activity to face the audience by oral expression, express their views on a certain issue and explain a certain matter. Speech is not only a means to publicize and mobilize the masses, but also a means to clarify theoretical views and express academic opinions, and it is also a means to train and cultivate young talents. Attention should be paid to the following requirements when making a speech: ① Recognize the goal and establish the main idea. I'm talking about pertinence here. Speech is a direct exchange of thoughts and feelings with the audience, so it is necessary to understand the audience, recognize the environment and clarify the main purpose of the speech. "What song to sing on what mountain" is particularly important for the speech. ② Clear thinking and lively rhythm. (3) Emotional and moving examples. ④ The language is accurate and vivid.
Third, read the text, look it up in the dictionary, add some pronunciations, remember the way words are written and explain the meaning.
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(1) sidetrack (): Pursue things outside the business and don't pay attention. "Gu" can't be pronounced as "Gu" and "Zhu" can't be written as "Qi".
(2) blasphemy () (): contempt, disrespect.
3 quotation: quotation.
④ Parallel () propulsion: common propulsion. "pían" cannot be pronounced "bían"
⑤ Respect for work and music groups: I am serious about my career and get along well with my friends.
6 out of context: breaking and cutting; It means to intercept a paragraph or sentence in isolation regardless of the context.
⑦ Unique method: Buddhist term, which refers to a direct and unspeakable method. Metaphor is the best or unique method.
8 Pay attention to the consistency of words and deeds: the consistency of words and deeds.
Pet-name ruby reluctant (): nagging. Strong, too wordy. Never give up, never stop.
Attending to live and work in peace:
⒒ ? Chondromalacia (? ) (): The chicken breasts are all hunched. "gāulàu" cannot be pronounced as "júlǘ"
12, Sung Hoon (): catching cicadas
Fourthly, after reading the text again, I found that there are many references to the Analects of Confucius, The Book of Rites, Laozi, Zhuangzi and other ancient books. Copy these statements one by one. Please combine the following notes to understand their meaning.
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(1) Eating all day, no heart, very hard! It's hard to train such a person who has a full stomach all day and refuses to do something with his brain!
(2) Living in groups all day long, words are not as good as righteousness, and it is difficult to be kind and wise! -hanging out with everyone all day, showing off your intelligence without saying a reasonable word, this kind of person is hard to cultivate!
(3) The Lord only respects. -Dedicated to one job, nothing else is dedication.
Although there are many things in the world, only my wings know. Although the world is big and there are many things, I only know that there are cicadas.
Sitting on this mountain and looking at that mountain, nothing can be done. Sitting on this mountain and thinking about that mountain, you will accomplish nothing.
No matter what the ambition, it is condensed in God. -If you're not distracted, you can concentrate.
Do what you want to do, not what you want to do. -now only do what you should do, and don't want to do anything beyond your duties.
Knowing is not as good as being good, and being good is not as good as being happy. People who know this truth can't compare with those who love it, and those who love it can't compare with those who are willing to do it.
Pet-name ruby is also a person, angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful, and I don't know that old age is coming. If a person is angry when studying and forgets to eat, he forgets his sadness when he is immersed in the joy of learning, and even doesn't know that he is getting old, that's it.
Read the text five or three times and try to summarize the meaning of each paragraph;
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In paragraph 1, briefly explain the topic, and then put forward the central argument.
The second paragraph emphasizes that "having a job" is the basis of "dedication" and "happiness".
In the third paragraph, the harm of unemployment is explained from the opposite side.
The fourth paragraph explains the importance of having a job, which is discussed from the opposite side.
In the fifth paragraph, the author specifically discusses the necessity of having a job.
In paragraph 6, the second argument "to be professional" is put forward directly.
In the seventh paragraph, the discussion of "dedication" was deepened by asking questions.
Paragraph 8, about "happiness".
Paragraph 9 summarizes the full text.
Sixth, students discuss the structure of the article and clarify the thinking of the article.
Review questions: three elements and structure of argumentative writing.
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Clarity: three elements: argument, argument and argument.
Structure: Ask questions (introduction)-Analyze questions (thesis)-Solve problems (conclusion).
Hint: Introduction-Theory-Conclusion)
Clear: the overall structure is "total-sub-total" type.
The first part (1): reveals the center of the whole paper. "Work hard and be happy" is the only way in life.
The second part (2-8): It is discussed from three aspects (having a job: the foundation of being a man; Dedication: if the Lord is at a loss, he will be respectful; Leye county: the highest state of life)
The third part (7): Summarize the whole article and encourage everyone to work hard.
Seven, focus on the analysis of the second part of the text.
1, having a job is the premise of dedication and happiness. (2-5) The author first quotes the words of Confucius and the story of Zen master Baizhang, and draws the conclusion that "all trades are the first, and all evils and laziness are the first", emphasizing that "having a job" is the foundation of being a man.
2. When demonstrating "dedication", (6-7 natural paragraph) first uses Zhu's "no choice but respect" to explain that "dedication" means concentration and no distractions. Then, from the needs of human existence (working for life) and the significance of individual life (living for labor), this paper demonstrates the truth that "every profession is sacred and respectable" and "professionalism is the most necessary and beneficial to life".
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(1) When talking about "the necessity of having a job", the article cited two examples of Confucius and Baizhang Zen Master to illustrate; When it comes to "all occupations are interesting", four reasons are listed to illustrate. Referring to two writing methods, according to my own understanding, try to list several reasons why "having a job is necessary" or provide several examples of "all jobs are interesting"
The answer to this question is intended to let students understand the two methods of argument: "giving examples" and "reasoning" and expand their thinking.
For example, the reasons for "having a job is necessary" are: first, you can make a living, make yourself economically independent, have self-esteem, and don't need to rely on others, admire others, or be restrained; Second, let your body and mind settle down and not be idle and bored; Third, keeping your daily life regular is beneficial to your health; 4. Difficulties, setbacks and troubles in the process of employment are the exercise of will and character, ability and talent; Fifth, small success in career will enhance self-confidence and sense of accomplishment, and bring spiritual satisfaction to people; 6. Creative achievement is the highest affirmation of the value of life. ...
"Every occupation is interesting": The Curies extracted radium from tons of industrial waste residue. It was very hard and boring for several years, but with the dream of discovering radium, they never felt bored, never complained and wanted to give up.
(2) The article said: "The essence of things, dissected from an academic point of view, is not superior." . He added, "I believe a carpenter can make a good table, which is as valuable as a politician's building." But some people quoted Napoleon as saying, "A soldier who doesn't want to be a marshal is not a good soldier." Let's discuss how we should look at this problem.
This question is intended to stimulate students' reverse thinking and critical questioning ability and dialectically understand life problems. The problems discussed are more complicated, so we should grasp the depth of the discussion according to the students' understanding level, and don't force it to a certain extent.
Reference answer:
The author believes that there is no difference between good and bad in any profession, that is, to advise those who "sit on this mountain and watch that mountain, and accomplish nothing" to be down-to-earth and diligent in order to do things well, and then realize the pleasure of career and the value of life. Considering the happiness of personal life in reality, only in this way can we settle down (Confucianism) and get inner peace (Buddhism). Napoleon's famous saying is to inspire people to set up lofty aspirations, strive to tap their own potential and dare to challenge their destiny.
On the other hand, in a specific social and historical stage, there is indeed a distinction between "respect and inferiority" in the division of labor, and the "dedication" obtained through hard work may not guarantee the most basic survival needs and respect; At this time, it is not only impossible, but also suspected of maintaining the existing hierarchical order. There is something wrong with Napoleon's words: there can only be one marshal in an army, but soldiers need tens of millions. If every soldier does not feel at ease and has a dream of being a marshal, the combat effectiveness of this army can be doubted. After all, there are very few "marshal" positions provided by society. If most "soldiers" want to be "marshals" and fail, wouldn't life be a failure?
It can be seen that the two statements are applied in different contexts and reflect different outlooks on life. If Liang Qichao taught people to be content with their jobs and not aim too high, which reflected China's life philosophy of forbearance and self-control, then Napoleon encouraged soldiers to strive to be marshals, which is a typical western individual-oriented enterprising and extroverted outlook on life.
3. Students read the eighth paragraph of the text carefully and answer the following questions.
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1. The central theme of this paragraph is
2. The central point of this paragraph is
3. Provide a well-known factual argument for the central argument of this paragraph.
4. The examples in this paragraph are used to
5. this paragraph is not only demonstrated by examples, but also used? The demonstration method of.
6. Use your imagination to describe the "ideal life" in "This life is really the ideal life of mankind".
7. Talk about the characteristics of this passage.
The answer is 1. Leye county II. Every profession is interesting. Madame Curie has been extracting radium from tons of industrial waste for several years, which is very hard and boring. But with the dream of looking for radium, she never found this job boring, never complained, and wanted to give up (other expressions that meet the requirements are also acceptable). 4. Introduction? 5. Reasoning and comparison. Grasp "happiness" to imagine, and judge and correct according to the actual situation. Talking more and paying attention to communication are easy to make people sing bad.
Eight, four reading text cooperation.
(a), the author put forward many ideas about dedication and happiness in the article, which one do you believe most? Do you have any different opinions? Tell me the reason why you hold this view.
Students cooperate, discuss and communicate in groups.
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Clear: The views in this paper are as follows:
1. "Work hard and be happy" is the only way in life.
2. While human beings work for life, they also live for labor.
3. Every profession is sacred.
4. Every profession deserves respect.
I have to work every day when I am alive.
6. Working is a virtue, but not working is a sin.
7. Because of his talent and situation, he is the first person in the world to do a job to the extreme.
8. Whenever I do something, I regard it as life. No matter what other benefits I have, I won't sacrifice what I am doing to exchange with him.
9. Profession is the most needed and beneficial in life.
10. Find happiness from hard work.
10. Any occupation is interesting. As long as you are willing to continue to do it, interest will naturally arise.
12. The achievement of every profession is inseparable from struggle.
13. Because the achievement of every profession is inseparable from struggle; Strive forward step by step, and increase the weight of happiness from your efforts.
14. Life is valuable only when you can appreciate interest from your career.
15. Dedication means responsibility, and pleasure means fun.
……
The student's answer can be yes or no; The key is to have substance in words and evidence. The purpose is to deepen the understanding of the article through discussion.
(2) Is the meaning of "occupation" proposed by the author limited to what people often say?
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Clear: The meaning of "industry" in this article is not limited to the narrow sense of occupation. As the author said: "Anything that can be named as a thing is essentially respectable." Therefore, "industry" is not limited to the occupation of making a living formally, but also refers to anything valuable in life; Not only the work of adults, but also the study of students.
(3) The author said in the article that "working is a virtue, and not working is a sin". What do you think of this statement?
Clear: There is something wrong with the author's statement. Human or individual life is not all "work", and "leisure" is also an important part of life. Just as "living is not to eat", people live is not to work.
(4) How should the author understand the "reasonable life" mentioned in the article?
Clarity: Based on the meaning of the full text, the author's so-called "reasonable life" is: first of all, you must have a job, and you can't "hunger strike all day without purpose". Show respect for what you have done, so that you can concentrate and do it faithfully; You should find pleasure in concentrating on your work and "forget your worries with joy".
(5) Choose your most influential sentence flavor.
1. My topic is to take the words "respecting career and enjoying career" in The Book of Rites and "being prepared for danger in times of peace, enjoying career" in Laozi out of context. Whether what I said is in line with the original intention of the Book of Rites and Laozi needs no further study. But I firmly believe that the word "dedication" is the only way of life.
Taste: Quoting the maxims in the Confucian classic Book of Rites and the Taoist classic Laozi, and combining and rebuilding them, the theme of "dedication and work" was put forward in an enlightened way, which was concise and clear-cut.
2. Confucius said, "It's hard to eat all day without heart!" He also said, "It is difficult to live in groups all day, but it is not as good as words!" Confucius is an educator, and there is no untraceable person in his thoughts. He just shook his head, sighed at these two people and said, "Difficult! Difficult! " It can be seen that all the problems in life can be cured by medicine, and the unemployed, although moved by the Great Sage, are helpless.
Taste: Quote the words in The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo and The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong, thus extending Confucius' attitude towards "unemployed people", and then using "visible" to naturally draw his own point of view: "Everything in life can be ruled, and unemployed people are helpless." Emphasize the importance of "having a job" and say "having a job" to the following.
In addition to giving lectures every day, he has to sweep the floor, clean the table and wash clothes by himself until he is over 80 years old.
Taste: "Day after day" and "Day after day" illustrate the noble quality of Zen master Baizhang. Starting from practical actions, he insists on continuous work, and his words and deeds are consistent, which is consistent with the previous article "One day doing nothing, one day eating nothing".
I quoted two paragraphs from Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to prove that everyone should have a proper career and keep working.
Taste: This sentence connects the preceding with the following: Confucianism is in harmony with Confucius, Buddhism is in harmony with the above-mentioned Zen master, and the legitimate profession is in harmony with what Confucius said, "Eating all day long, having no intention" and "living in groups all day long, unable to express meaning". At the same time, it leads to the following viewpoint: "All trades are the first". "Keep working" echoes with Zen master Baizhang's "One day you don't do anything, one day you don't eat", which leads to the following conclusion: "All evils are lazy first".
5. Lazy people without jobs are simply Mi Chong in society, and thieves who rob others of their hard-earned money.
Taste: The metaphor of "eating Mi Chong" and "thief" vividly shows the author's attitude of thoroughly cracking down on "unemployed lazy people" and illustrates the necessity of "having a job" from another side.
6. Everything that can be called a thing is respectable in essence.
Taste: "Anything that can be called a thing", that is to say, anything that can be called a legitimate occupation, whether it is being a big president or pulling rickshaws, is sacred in terms of professional nature, and the labor value is the same, which is beneficial to society and the public. Therefore, "its sex is respectable."
7. No occupation is not sacred, so no occupation is not respectable.
Taste: The first sentence is the conclusion drawn from the above example, and the second sentence is the opinion drawn from the conclusion. Naturally, I answered the above question: "What is respectable about karma? Why should I respect it? " The position of double negation is more clear.
8. I believe that I can make a carpenter's desk, which has the same value as you as a politician and the construction of the country; I believe that cleaning toilets when I am a dung collector is as valuable as fighting a besieged enemy when you are a soldier.
Taste: The author thinks that all professions are sacred and respectable. It is necessary and indispensable for everyone to do a job according to their own talents and conditions. "Everyone works for the society", the labor value is the same, "there is no competition". Explain that "every profession is respectable."
9. "Hard work!" This kind of sighing voice often comes out of anyone's mouth.
Taste: From the common sigh "It's hard work!" Talking about it makes the article closer to life, makes people more likely to be scolded, and makes the author's point of view more convincing.
10. But I want to ask him: "It's hard to work, isn't it hard not to work?" It's such a hot day today, I'm shouting my throat out here, and you people are all pulling your ears. Some people look at us so seriously; Conversely, if we go gambling and drinking, isn't it just to find God? Not bitter?
Taste: "But I will ask him" communicates with the audience in the context of the speech, which has a face-to-face tone and is easy to cause the audience to sing. A rhetorical question, "Isn't it hard not to work?" "I work hard" is the inference of the above assumption, and then the author quotes "I work hard" and "gambling and drinking" when others don't work hard, which also overturns the assumption that "I don't work hard", which is completely justified. The rhetorical question led by the two "no" strengthened the momentum of refutation.
1 1. The two most common words in my life are "sense of responsibility" and "interest". I myself often strive for the realization and reconciliation of these two sentences, and I often impose these two sentences on my friends. Today, dedication is responsibility and pleasure is fun. I firmly believe that a reasonable human life should always be like this, and I hope you can enjoy it with me.
Taste: the concluding sentence of the text. The author has talked about three issues before: work, dedication and happiness, and finally summed them up as "responsibility" and "fun". In short, a "reasonable life" should first have a proper job (or anything of value), and should not be "full and idle". Show respect for what you have done, so that you can concentrate and do it faithfully; If you want to find pleasure in doing things with your heart, don't frown and complain, but reach the realm of "taking pleasure in forgetting your worries" The meaning is profound, concise and clear, which summarizes the full text and responds to the first paragraph that "dedication is the only way in life"
(6) This article is a popular speech, which fully embodies the characteristics of spoken language and speech. Try to cite examples from the text and explain them.
Let the students express their opinions first, and give corresponding examples in the article. Teachers make appropriate supplements, and finally multimedia presentation:
1. When quoting ancient classics, explain them in common spoken language. For example, two words to Confucius: "It's hard to eat all day long without heart!" "It is difficult to live in groups all day, but it is not as good as words and kindness!" He gave a vivid and interesting explanation: "Confucius ... shook his head and sighed for these two kinds of people and said,' Difficult! "difficult!" "
This language is very popular, if it is common. For example, when referring to the story of Zen master Baizhang, he said: "This old Zen master who pays attention to words and deeds is honest and impolite, and he absolutely refused to eat that day."
3. Pay attention to communicate with the audience on the spot according to the situation during the speech. For example, "on a hot day today, I shouted my voice out here, and all of you people kept pulling your ears." Some people look at us like this; " On the other hand, if we go gambling and drinking, isn't it just as hard to find God? "At the end of the speech," I hope you can enjoy it with me! "This is also a direct spiritual appeal to the audience.