Wang Mang’s Reform: Also known as Wang Mang’s New Deal, it was a series of new measures taken by the new emperor Wang Mang to alleviate the increasing social conflicts in the late Western Han Dynasty. Including land reform, currency reform, commercial reform and official and county name reform.
In the first year of the first year (AD 8), Wang Mang accepted the abdication of Ru Ziying (Liu Ying) and proclaimed himself emperor. He changed the name of the country to "Xin" and changed Chang'an to Chang'an. As the capital of the new dynasty, Wang Mang opened China. In history, it was the first time for him to abdicate as emperor through Fu Ming Zen. Wang Mang initiated comprehensive social reforms.
Wang Mang implemented the New Deal by imitating the system of "Zhou Rites", repeatedly changed the currency system, changed the official system and official names, restored the "well field system" under the name of Wang Tian System, and combined salt, iron, wine, currency system, mountains, forests and rivers. It was nationalized, cultivated land was redistributed, the slavery system was abolished, and the five-equity credit (loan system) and six-management policy were established to balance prices with public power, prevent merchants from exploiting, and increase national treasury revenue. Rituals such as punishments, etiquette, fields, houses, cars, and clothing have continued to return to the Zhou ritual model of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
However, Wang Mang’s restructuring not only failed to save the social crisis in the late Western Han Dynasty, but further intensified various contradictions. Due to the many roundabout policies that were not in line with the actual situation, the people did not benefit from them, but suffered from them first. Orders were changed day by day. , making the people and officials confused as to what to do, and constantly aroused dissatisfaction among the nobles and common people in the world. In the fourth year of Tianfeng (AD 17), locust plagues, droughts, and famines broke out across the country. Farmers from all over the country rose up one after another, forming a large-scale resistance by Red Eyebrows and Green Forest. leading to the demise of the new dynasty.
Chinese name
Wang Mang restructuring
Chinese pronunciation
wang mang gai zhi
Also known as
Wang Mang's New Deal
Time of occurrence
New Dynasty
Background
In the late Western Han Dynasty, the taxation and servitude of the court became increasingly serious, and the ruling class "Many livestock and slaves, unlimited fields and houses", extravagant squandering, made the people poor and the country weak, land annexation and the vicious expansion of the number of slaves and refugees became serious social problems at that time, class contradictions and conflicts within the ruling class became increasingly acute, and uprisings occurred in various places Continuously. In 8 AD, Wang Mang accepted the abdication of Ru Ziying (Liu Ying) and proclaimed himself emperor. He changed the name of the country to "Xin", and the first day of December of the first year of the founding year was the first day of the first month of the first year of the founding of the new dynasty. Wang Mang is the "New Taizu", also known as the "Jianxing Emperor" or the "New Emperor". He reigned as emperor from the twelfth lunar month of 8 AD to the sixth day of October 23 AD. After taking the throne, Wang Mang intended to alleviate social conflicts through restructuring, thereby establishing his own prestige and consolidating his rule.
Politics
In order to express the change of dynasty, reform the Han Dynasty and establish a new one, and depose King Liu Xing, Wang Mang changed the names of a large number of government agencies and official positions based on Confucian classics.
Reforming the official system
For example, in the central official position, the name of Da Sinong was changed to Xihe, later to Nayan, to Dali to Zuoshi, to Taichang to Zhizong, to Dahong Lu is Dian Yue, the Shaofu is the *** worker, Shuiheng Duwei is Yu Yu, Guang Luxun is Si Zhong, Taipu is Taiyu, Weiwei is Taiwei, Zhijinwu is Fenwu, and Lieutenant is the military commander. . There were also many changes in the names of local official positions: the prefect was changed to Dayin (or soldier, company leader), the captain was changed to Taiwei, and the county magistrate (chief) was changed to Zai. etc. In addition, Wang Mang also added many new official positions, such as the new chief ministers Ma Siyun, chief minister Tu Sizhi, and chief minister Kong Siruo in the central government, who were listed among the nine ministers; Shangqing; there are five senior officials such as Sigong, Sicong, Siming, Si Cong, and Si Rui; there are deputy pastoral officials at the local and state level, deputy supervisors at the ministry level, and so on. Wang Mang changed the title of Zhilu based on ancient books, and also granted 796 fifth-level princes and vassals according to the legendary Zhou system, and 1,511 vassals. Many of them did not actually receive fiefs and could only receive a few thousand dollars per month. .
Therefore, corruption, bribery, and squeezing people's wealth and support are common among officials at all levels. As for those who were more upright and knighted, they were very poor and even relied on doing part-time work for others to make ends meet.