Qingshi road
The Record of the Qing Dynasty is a compilation of official records of the Qing Dynasty, covering politics, economy, culture, military affairs, diplomacy, natural phenomena and many other aspects. It is an important document for studying the history of the Qing Dynasty. Due to historical reasons, there are many versions of Qing Shi Lu, and each version has been modified to varying degrees. Comparing the different descriptions of the same event in different versions is helpful for researchers to further understand the background of major historical events in Qing Dynasty and the true attitude of officials in later generations to certain specific historical events.
Qing Shi Lu is called Qing Shi Lu, with a volume of * * * 4484, which is a compilation of official history of Qing Dynasty. In addition to the general catalogue, preface, examples, catalogue, entry list and official compilation, there are eight volumes of Manchuria Record, ten volumes of Taizong Record, sixty-five volumes of Taizong Record, one hundred and forty-four volumes of Shizu Record, three hundred volumes of Shengzu Record, one hundred and fifty-nine volumes of Sejong Record and Taizong Record. The actual records of different dynasties vary in length and detail, but the main categories mostly involve political, economic, cultural, military, diplomatic and natural phenomena. Records of the Qing Dynasty is an important subject during the reign of emperors in Qing Dynasty. It records the personnel administration and national heritage of the Qing Dynasty in a chronological way for nearly 300 years. Eleven of the twelve emperors in the Qing Dynasty compiled a factual record. Puyi, the last emperor, was overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 after only three years in office, and Xuan Tong's political discipline was still completed by the staff who originally edited A Record of the Emperor Jing Zong. Although this book no longer uses the name of the record, its style is the same as that of the record.
The Qing Dynasty followed the old system since the Tang Dynasty. After the death of the last emperor, the newly ascended emperor ordered his ministers to open a museum to compile the records of the last emperor. The Archives Museum of Qing Dynasty is a temporary institution. After the opening of the museum, the imperial edict and Zhu Pi memorial were collected from the palace, and the original files such as Ju Ju Zhu were collected from the pavilion, which were sorted by the editing officer and edited in chronological order according to the editing rules. Memoirs mainly record the speeches and activities of feudal emperors, which will be passed down to later generations, involving the vital interests of the supreme ruler and directly related to their reputation behind them, so the supreme ruler paid unusual attention to memoirs. It is very cautious when determining the editors. Traditionally, emperors often let the most trusted nobles serve as supervisors, especially the chief executive officer, chief executive officer, vice president officer and other senior officials, most of whom are close friends of the emperor, so as to ensure that the compilation of factual records is carried out according to the wishes of the emperor and will not leave any unfavorable records. In addition, the compilation of Historical Records was a huge cultural project, so there were many famous scholars at that time.
The Records of the Qing Dynasty is the existing original historical data of the Qing Dynasty. After sorting out and compiling, it is an important document to study history of qing dynasty. However, in the Qing Dynasty, memoirs were never published. Only when cadres' books were kept in the palaces of Shi Jing and Shengjing, few people could read them. 1986165438+10, Zhonghua Book Company published a relatively complete Qing Shi Lu based on the HongLing edition of Huang collected by China No.1 Historical Archives, the final edition collected by Peking University Library, the HongLing edition of Gan Qing Palace collected by the Palace Museum Library and the HongLing edition of Shengjing Chongmo Pavilion collected by Liaoning Provincial Archives.
Man Wen Lao dang
Man Wen Lao dang
Official history books (archives) of China written in Manchu during the period of Huang Taiji in Qing Dynasty. It records nine years before the era of Destiny to eleven years of Destiny (1607 ~ 1626), the first year of Tiancong to six years (1627 ~ 1632) and the first year of Chongde (1636) * * 27. Originally, Bakshi Kurhan and others were ordered to compile in old Manchu. In the sixth year of Tiancong (1632), it was compiled with little Manchu (new Manchu), with 37 volumes. After six years of Qianlong (174 1), E Ertai and Xu, cabinet college students, were ordered to pick out the unrecognizable old Manchu without punctuation in the files without punctuation, annotate the new Manchu and compile a book without punctuation. After forty years of Qianlong, Shu Hede, a cabinet university student, was ordered to sort out and copy the original files of the archives. It took three years to copy a book, including a set of handwritten and a set of phonetic notebooks, each set of 26 letters, 180 volumes, called Herbs. Judging from the manuscript, it is an old Manchu non-circular lettering file; Pinyin script is a new full-text file. Later, based on herbs, it was rewritten in print and decorated with yellow silk. It is an original for the emperor to read, and it is called the silk version of rhubarb. Forty-three years after Qianlong's reign, it was rewritten according to the original work, and it was a manuscript named Huang Xiaoling's Book. Originally in Taiwan Province Province, herbs, originals and braille without rings were kept in the First Historical Archives of China, and copies were kept in the Archives of Liaoning Province. The historical materials of Manchu old files are original, with a wide range of annotations and rich contents, which are mostly not found in the official history books written after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, and are of great significance to the revision and supplement of the Qing Shi Lu and other books. It provides systematic and detailed information for the study of Qing history, Manchu history, northeast local history and the evolution history of Manchu language and writing.
Xingyuan Qing Ji is a jade book that records the direct line of the Qing emperor. In 16 1 year (Shunzhi 18), the Jade Dies Museum was established, with Zong Ling of Zongren House, a cabinet scholar, Shangshu of Libu and others as the president and vice president respectively, and a special writing team was organized to organize and edit the Jade Dies. Local officials are responsible for investigating and verifying household registration, and then reporting it. Aisingiorro Zongren is also very concerned about this matter, because this book is directly related to the annual salary, the inheritance of titles and official positions, the rewards of weddings and funerals, and so on, so no one will miss it. In order to adapt to the change of population, it is stipulated that the jade register should be revised once every ten years. The dead note it, and the new one adds it, so the jade book is getting thicker and thicker. By the end of Guangxu, there were seven volumes, 1 100. Among them, four volumes A, B, C and D record clan branches, with yellow silk as the cover; Wu Ji Geng's three volumes record Jue Luo Zhi, with HongLing as the cover. When I arrived in Jiaqing, I was ordered to compile a direct genealogy of the emperor in addition to Yushu. After the book was finished, I asked the emperor for approval. Emperor Jiaqing inscribed "Xingyuan Qing Ji" as the title of the book. Star source refers to the ancient wild star, also known as Tianchi, which means that emperors and nobles guide from here and will last forever.
Yongxianlu Author: Xiao Xuan's Book of Qing Dynasty is one of Notes on Historical Materials of Qing Dynasty. This book records several important historical events during the seven years from the sixty-first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1722) to the sixth year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1728).
Chronology of Professor Li Wenhai from Renmin University of China in Qing Dynasty
General History of Qing Dynasty (Xianfeng Tongzhi)-Zhu Chengru
Chronicle of Qing Dynasty, a 65,438+00-volume, more than 3 million-word vernacular edition edited by Nan Bingwen and Bai Xinliang, famous experts and professors of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Nankai University, was recently published by Shanghai University Press. This book is the first monograph on the dynastic history of China written in the vernacular, and adopts the traditional chronological style.