W ǔ w ǔ j ī n ɡ. Printed books were not popular in the Tang Dynasty.
The Five Classics were printed in the Five Dynasties, and all the classics were printed. qìnɡ·zhōnɡ·shēnɡ.
Qí fü: y ò n ɡ io Nikolez, Bao Lu Qin Chun, Metz Wei Yi Yi in, Hu Shu 'ao Li ɡ n ɡ Ian, Shi Yan Xie Yitie Bin, Shà n ɡ Yang S not n ɡ.
Shànɡ, Mei Ruying, Cai Jizuo, yánɡ, rónɡ In the celebration calendar, there is a cloth, which is also a trap.
Its method: carve words with mud, as thin as money lips, and seal every word, and burn hard. First, an iron plate is set, and resin, wax and paper dust are exposed on the iron plate.
If you want to print, put an iron fan on the iron plate to print more densely. If you take an iron fan as a plate, it will burn. If the medicine melts slightly, press a flat plate on its surface, and the words will be as flat as a stone. ruo zhǐyìn sānèr běn，wèI wéI Jiǎn yì； You're right.
Chá n ɡ Zuel Tiban, Jan Jan Shua, Jan Zaizai, Zaizai, Zedai Jan Zaizai, Yɡ ɡ ò ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ
If you stop printing three or two books, it will not be easy; If you print hundreds of thousands of copies, it will be very fast. I often make two iron plates, one for printing, the other for self-printing, and this printer only finishes printing, then the second plate is already equipped and can be used in an instant.
Each word has several seals, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 seals, in case one board is duplicated. Bu y ò n ɡ, Zeyeu Tiye, Mei ·yònɡ Wei Yi Tiye, Mo ɡ é Zuye.
Ché n π. π ā o Shia Bupí n π, Yang Y ǔ, about Xi ā n π Bukai Q ǔ; Bouruwan T ǔ, Y ò n ɡ l ? n ɡ o ró n ɡ, Yang Su Furi, Yang Suluo, Shi Buhern Wo.
If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one for each rhyme, and store it in the wooden lattice. If there are grotesque characters who are unprepared, they can be carved and burned with grass fire, which can be achieved in an instant.
Those who don't use wood as material are rare, those who touch water are uneven, and it is not advisable to stick to medicine; If you don't burn the soil, use it to melt the medicine, and brush it with your hand, and its seal will automatically drop and not stick. Sh ē n ɡ sang, Jon Wei Y ǔ Kun, Có n ɡ Sood, Jenny Bo Cá n ɡ.
Up to death, its seal was obtained by the group and has been preserved to this day.
translate
Printed books with rigid boards were not widely used in the Tang Dynasty. It was only in the Five Dynasties that the Five Classics were printed, and all kinds of books in the future were printed by block printing.
In the Qing Dynasty, Bi Sheng, a civilian, created another trap. Its method is to carve words with clay, which is as thin as the edge of copper coins. Every word is made into a font and hardened with fire. First, set up an iron plate, which is covered with turpentine and wax mixed with paper ash. If you want to print, put an iron frame on the iron plate, then arrange the type closely, fill an iron frame as a board and bake it by the fire; If the medicine melts a little, press a flat plate on the surface, and the words lined up on the flat plate will be as flat as a grindstone. If only three or two books are printed, it will not be easy; If you print dozens or even hundreds of copies, it will be soon. When printing, two iron plates are usually made. One printing plate is being printed, and the other printing plate has been arranged with another type. This edition has just been printed and the second edition is ready. The two boards can be used alternately and can be completed in a short time. Each word has several fonts, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than twenty fonts to guard against repeated words in a board. When not in use, put a label made of paper, make a label for each rhyme, and store it in the wooden box. If there are uncommon words that you don't usually prepare, carve them out immediately and barbecue them with grass fire, and they will be done soon. The reason why wood is not used to make movable type molds is because the texture of wood is loose and delicate, uneven after being soaked in water, and it adheres to drugs and cannot be taken off; It is best to burn the fonts with clay, bake them with fire after use, melt the medicine and try them by hand, so that the fonts will fall off by themselves and will not be touched by the medicine at all. ?
After Bi Sheng's death, his fonts were acquired by my cousins, and they are still treasured.
Literary appreciation:
Folklore is a popular science book that introduces movable type printing, and its interpretation object is folk custom. The word "movable type" in "movable type" is the main advantage and characteristic of movable type printing. The author Shen Kuo just grasped the word "live" to explain it, which can be explained from the following three aspects: First, the topic of "Trapped Door" leads to the full text with the word "live". Grasp the "live" and grasp the core and outline.
Second, tightly buckle the word "live" and arrange the interpretation order. At the beginning of the article, I will talk about the trap printing invented by Bi Yi, and then introduce the "method", that is, the process and method of movable type printing, according to the program order (also known as time order). Its working procedure is: lettering-typesetting-printing-word-splitting. When introducing the method and technology of movable type printing, there is not a word "live", but a word "live" between the lines.
"Every word is a seal", and the word seal is independent. Unlike seal cutting, all words are engraved on a board, which shows that it is flexible to use. "If grotesque figures are unprepared, they can be carved with mud and burned with grass in an instant", which shows that the production of figures is easy, simple and flexible. A small number of words means "one word and one print", and more means "more than 20 prints", which is flexible and changeable; A word "live" runs through the whole process of letterpress printing.
Third, highlight the word "live" by means of comparative explanation. At the beginning of the article, woodblock printing is mentioned, which is intended to form a sharp contrast between the rigidity of woodblock printing and the flexibility of relief printing, so that this contrast method runs through the description of the whole text and highlights the superiority of relief printing, which is quite ingenious. When introducing the process of letterpress printing, engraving was not mentioned, but when introducing the advantages of letterpress printing, all the defects of letterpress printing were implied, such as rigidity, slowness, poor quality and high cost.