Zhang Heng, a native of Nanyang County. When Zhang Heng was young, he was good at writing articles. He studied in the "Sanfu" area, took the opportunity to enter the capital Luoyang, and studied in imperial academy. So he became familiar with the Five Classics and mastered the Six Arts. Although his talent is higher than ordinary people, he is not arrogant. He usually behaves calmly and calmly, and doesn't like to associate with secular people.
In the first year of Yongzheng, he was elected as Lian Xiao, but he should not be recommended. He was called up by the government many times and did not take office. At this time, the society was peaceful for a long time, and there was no extravagance from princes and nobles to ordinary officials. Zhang Heng then imitated Ban Gu's "Two Dufu" and wrote "Two Dufu" to satirize and admonish (the imperial court).
It took ten years to explain the organization, layout, meaning and rhetoric of the article. General Deng Zhi was surprised by his talent and called him up many times, but he didn't answer.
Zhang Heng is good at ingenious thinking in instrument manufacturing, especially in astronomy, meteorology and calendar calculation. Han Andi often heard that he was good at mathematics, so he ordered the bus to recruit him and award him the position of doctor.
Later, he was promoted to Taishiling. Therefore, Zhang Heng carefully studied and inspected Yin and Yang studies (including astronomy, meteorology and calendar), brilliantly studied the correct principles of astronomical instruments, made armymen, and wrote books such as Lingxian and Suanjing, which were extremely detailed.
In the early years of (Korea), (Zhang Heng) was transferred to Taishiling twice. Zhang Heng didn't curry favor with those dignitaries at that time, and his position has never been promoted for many years. It has been five years since he left Taishiling, and he has returned here.
In Yangjiayuan, Shun Di, Zhang Heng made a seismograph for waiting for the wind. This seismograph is made of pure copper and has a diameter of 8 feet. The top and bottom cover together, with a bulge in the middle, looks like a big wine bottle.
The outside is decorated with seal characters and patterns of mountains, turtles, birds and animals. There is a thick copper column in the center of the interior, eight slideways extend around the copper column, and a hub is installed to stir the parts. There are eight dragons outside. Longkou each contains a copper pill, and there is a toad under the faucet, with its mouth open, ready to catch the copper pill spit out by Longkou.
The hub and parts of the musical instrument are beautifully made, and they are all hidden in the wine-shaped musical instrument, which is tightly covered without any gaps. If there is an earthquake, the dragon outside the instrument will vibrate, the mechanism will start, the dragon mouth will spit out copper pills, and the toad below will catch them. The sound of Tongmaru earthquake was crisp and loud, so the people waiting for the plane learned the news of the earthquake.
When the earthquake happened, only one stop mechanism was started, and the other seven faucets did not move at all. According to the direction pointed by the vibrating faucet, we can know the direction of the earthquake. The actual earthquake is used to test the instruments, which are completely consistent with each other and really effective. There has never been such a thing in ancient books.
Once a one-stop mechanism was launched, Luoyang was not shocked, and scholars in Beijing blamed it for not being fulfilled this time. A few days later, the courier from the post office came to prove that there was an earthquake in Longxi, and everyone was amazed at the wonder of the seismograph. After that, the court instructed the historian to record the location of each earthquake according to the seismograph.
At that time, politics was dark and the central power was transferred downwards, so Zhang Heng wrote to the emperor to state these things. Later, he was promoted to an auxiliary middle school, and the emperor let him enter the palace to make suggestions on national politics around the emperor. The emperor once asked Zhang Heng, who does the world hate? The eunuch was afraid that Zhang Heng would tell them, and they all winked at him. So Zhang Heng left the palace without telling the emperor the truth.
But after all, those officials were afraid that Zhang Heng would become a disaster, so they slandered him together. Zhang Heng often thinks about his own safety. He thinks that blessing is related to misfortune, which is deep and subtle and difficult to see clearly. So he wrote "Fu Xuan" to express and entrust his feelings.
(Han Shundi) In the early years of Yonghe, Zhang Heng was transferred from the capital and became the king of Hejian. At that time, Hejian Wang was arrogant and extravagant, and did not abide by the system and laws; There are also many wealthy families who run amok with them.
After Zhang Heng took office, his administration was strict. Finishing [delaying] the promulgation of laws, secretly finding out the names of traitors, and arresting and detaining them at the same time, so they respected and obeyed, praising political clarity. (Zhang Heng) worked in Hejian for three years, and wrote a letter to the imperial court, demanding to resign and go home. The imperial court appointed him as an official. Zhang Heng lived sixty-two years and Yu Yonghe died in four years.
Extended data
Zhang Hengchuan organized the full text with Zhang Heng's "being good at writing", "being clever" and "being good at politics" as the key link, showing Zhang Heng's talent and achievements as a writer, scientist and politician. Ye Fan inherited the tradition of Sima Qian, Ban Gu and others to write historical biographies and created his own biographies.
Zhang Heng has done many things in his life, made outstanding achievements and possessed noble character. How to take its essence without losing its bias, give consideration to the whole without becoming a mere formality, and write its shape with its spirit really needs some ingenuity.
Compared with Biographies of Qu Yuan, the biggest similarity between the two biographies is that they both cut key segments in chronological order to shape the lives of characters, with detailed materials and prominent points. The biggest difference is that, in the way of expression, Biography of Qu Yuan is to express Qu Yuan's noble ambition and behavior and express the author's feelings.
Using the method of combining narration and discussion, the writing style is full of emotion, with the characteristics of lyric prose and strong subjectivity. The main purpose of Zhang Hengchuan is to express Zhang Heng's outstanding contribution and briefly summarize his life. Therefore, it introduces Zhang Heng's literary creation and scientific and technological inventions with descriptive words, especially the introduction of the seismograph after the wind, while the description of his personality is scattered between the lines and runs through the article, with few direct lyricism. Quiet style, simple text.
The writing feature of this paper is to introduce the writing methods and detailed and appropriate tailoring methods of characters in chronological order.
(1) This article is a biography, and the introducer takes time as a lesson and deeds as a latitude. Zhang Heng experienced four periods in his life: Zhang, He, An and Shun. Although the time is very long, the time clues described in this paper are very clear. Narration is the main way of expression. In the fourth paragraph, the seismograph of monsoon is mainly explained, supplemented by narration.
(2) Introduce Zhang Heng's talents and achievements in literature, science and politics. Among them, it focuses on scientific talents and achievements. When introducing the talents and achievements in science, the research and manufacture of the seismograph after the wind are highlighted, and the introduction is particularly detailed, while the introduction of other creations is relatively short. This meticulous and appropriate arrangement makes the article focused and the characters distinctive.
(3) While describing and explaining, interspersed with the evaluation of Zhang Heng's personality, the author has a clear attitude.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhang Hengchuan