original text
Chatting, Mulan is knitting at home. I couldn't hear the loom, but I heard the woman sigh and asked her what she thought. Ask the woman what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember. Last night, I saw the military post, and Khan ordered more soldiers. The military books have 12 volumes, all with the names of lords. Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no big brother, and she is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for him from now on.
Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north. When I said goodbye to my parents, I was by the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard Yanshan Hu riding a horse.
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying. The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12 turn, before reward 100. Khan asked him what he wanted. Mulan doesn't need Shang, but she is willing to take her son back to her hometown with a camel.
Hearing the news of my daughter, I went out to help Guo; As soon as Sister A heard that Sister Mei was coming, she had to cut her red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed. Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds and temples, the mirror is painted yellow. When you go out to see a fire companion, the fire companion is dismayed. After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl.
The male rabbit's feet are messy and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred. When two rabbits walk side by side, can I tell if I am a male or a female?
Notes on some key words
Chatting, Mulan is knitting a sweater (at home). I can't hear the loom, but I hear the woman sigh.
Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember (miss). Last night, Khan ordered more soldiers. The army has 12 volumes (as many as the number of watches), and the number of volumes is named by the Lord. Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no big brother, and she is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for him from now on.
Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north. When I said goodbye to my parents, I was by the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling out a female voice, but only heard Yanshan Huqi (the horse of the Hu people) chirping.
Wanli went (rushed) to Rongji (fought) and flew over the mountain. The new moon (north) is full of gold and cold light is full of iron. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
Go back to see (visit) the son of heaven sitting in the hall. Top 1000 prizes 12 turns (more than enough). Khan asked him what he wanted (what he wanted), but Mulan didn't have to be Shang Shulang. I am willing (hoping) to send my son back to his hometown.
translate
One sigh after another, Miss Mulan walked back and forth at the door. The loom stopped, the loom stopped, and only the girl sighed. Ask the girl with such a sigh, what are you thinking? (Mulan answers) Girl, I didn't miss anything. I saw the conscription documents last night and learned that the king was recruiting a large number of soldiers. There are so many conscription documents, each with his father's name on it. My father has no adult son, and Mulan has no brother. I am willing to buy saddles and horses instead of my father from now on and apply for them.
Buy horses in the east market, saddles and cushions under saddles in the west market, chews and reins in the south market and whips in the north market. In the morning, I said goodbye to my parents and set off. In the evening, I camped by the Yellow River. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the rushing of the Yellow River. In the morning, I bid farewell to the Yellow River and set off. In the evening, I arrived in Montenegro. I can't hear my parents calling my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of horses in Yanshan Hu Bing.
March Wan Li to the battlefield, cross the pass, climb mountains and mountains, as fast as flying. In the cold wind in the north, there was the sound of fighting, and the cold moonlight reflected the soldiers' armored shirts. After countless battles, the soldiers won ten years later.
When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor, who was sitting in the palace. Mulan, who was awarded the title of meritorious service, was the highest and won more than a thousand gold. The son of heaven asked Mulan what she wanted. Mulan doesn't want to be an official like Shang. She wants to ride a good camel and send me back to my hometown with its feet.
Parents heard that their daughter was back and helped each other to meet her outside the city; When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep. Open the door in the east of my boudoir, sit on the bed in the west of my boudoir, take off my shirt, put on my former girl's clothes, arrange my hair as soft as a dark cloud in front of the window, and stick a yellow flower on my forehead in front of the mirror. When I went out to meet my comrades, they were all surprised. They all said that we had traveled together for twelve years and didn't even know Mulan was a girl.
Male rabbits like to scratch their feet, while female rabbits always squint. When they run next to each other on the ground, how can they tell who is male and who is female?
polysemy
Willing to help (support) the city pommel horse (willing) read the military post (document) last night.
May you look at the mirror thousands of miles away and paste General Huang (paste) to death.
Mulan is knitting a sweater at home (opposite)
But when dabbling (just)
Common sense of literature
Mulan Poetry is selected from Yuefu Poetry (Four Series) edited by Guo Maoqian in Song Dynasty, and it is a Yuefu folk song in the North during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast are both called "Yuefu Shuangbi".
China Traditional Opera and Its Relevance
(1) The main features of China's traditional operas:
The role of Chinese opera can be divided into four main lines: life, Dan, purity and ugliness. Emphasize four artistic forms of "singing and beating" and five technical methods of "hand, eye and body movements" to express characters.
Health: it is a general term for male characters except big face and clown. Divided into: old students (students who need to be born), young students, martial arts students, and infants.
Dan: This is a general term for female roles. Divided into: Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Guimendan, Udan, Lao Dan and Cai Dan (Yao Dan).
Screen name: commonly known as "painted face" is divided into big painted face and two painted face.
Ugly: Play a comedy role.
(2) Brief introduction of the opera:
The Mother of China Opera —— Kunqu Opera
Oriental Opera-Beijing Opera
Fragrant earthy flavor-Huangmei Opera
(3) The colors on the facial makeup of Peking Opera often symbolize this person's character and quality, role and destiny;
Red face-with praise, represents loyalty and courage.
Black face-neutral, representing fierce wisdom.
Blue face and green face-neutral, representing rebellious heroes.
Yellow face and white face-derogatory, representing fierceness.
Gold face and silver face-mysterious, representing ghosts and gods.
④ Peking Opera Dance School: Mei School-founded by Mei Lanfang.
Cheng School-founded by Cheng.
Xun School-Xun Huisheng was founded.
Shangpai-founded by Shang Xiaoyun.
Other literary common sense related to Mulan's poems
Guo Maoqian was born in Yunzhou Program (now Dongping, Shandong). In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Zongshen joined the army and made grass for the Henan government. There are hundreds of Yuefu poems handed down through the ages, which are valued by academic circles because of their excellent textual research on solving problems.
Yuefu Poetry Collection divides Yuefu poetry into 12 categories, such as Jiaomiao Ci, Ci, Advocacy Ci, Transverse Blowing Ci, Harmony Ci, Dance Ci, Qin Ci, Miscellaneous Ci, Modern Ci, Miscellaneous Ci and New Yuefu Ci. It is divided into several subclasses. For example, poems with horizontal blows can be divided into two parts: Korean horizontal blows and beam-drum blows. Xianghe songs are divided into six quotations: Xianghe songs, Yintan songs, Pingdiao songs, Qingdiao songs, Hudiao songs, Chudiao songs and Daqu songs. The lyrics of Qing merchants are divided into wusheng songs and western songs. Among these different musical works, Symphony and Sheyan belong to the movements used by the court, and their ideological content and artistic skills are not satisfactory. There are also some works with poor artistic value in advocacy songs and dance songs. But on the whole, most of the poems it collected are excellent folk songs and poems written by literati with Yuefu as the old theme. Among the existing collections of poems, Yuefu Poetry is an important collection that was created earlier and brought together all kinds of Yuefu poems in past dynasties.
The important contribution of Yuefu Poetry Collection is to collect and classify the songs of past dynasties according to their tunes, so that many works can be written into books. This provides great convenience for the collation and research of Yuefu poems. For example, some excellent folk songs of the Han dynasty, such as Shang Mo Sang and Dongmenxing, can be found in Song Shu? Lezhi and Peacock Flying to the Southeast can be found in Yu Tai Xin Yong, and some of them are scattered in ancient books such as Literary Lei Ju, which are collected and sorted by editors. In particular, some ancient folk songs and proverbs are generally scattered in various historical books and some academic works, and most of them are ignored by the former. As for Du Fu's later works, such as Old Proverbs, they are much later than this book, and are obviously compiled on this basis.
Its arrangement is to put the "archaic poems" or earlier poems of each song in front, and the drafts of later generations are listed behind, so that readers can understand that some literati poems are influenced by folk songs or previous generations of literati. For example, the songs of harmony, autumn dew and Hao Li are in Song Shu? There are only Cao Cao's sketches in the book Le Zhi, but there are ancient poems of Han Dynasty in this book. Although Cao Cao's proposed work is higher than "Ancient Ci" in ideological content and artistic skills, it is far from obvious to explain the origin and original intention of this piece. Another example is Shang Mo Sang, which was originally the "tune" in the "harmony song" of the Han Dynasty. Only the drafts of Cao Cao and Cao Pi and Jin Yue's rewriting of Qu Yuan's nine songs are recorded in the Book of Music. Shan Gui's poems; As for Sang's ancient ci, it belongs to the category of "Daqu". In Yuefu Poems, ancient words are recorded first, which makes readers understand that Cao Cao and others' works are just new words based on the tunes of ancient words. This book also includes various poems written by later generations to Shang Mosang, such as Picking Mulberry Seeds, Beautiful Songs, Journey to Luofu, Journey to the Southeast at Sunrise, Journey in the Day, etc. This shows the influence of Sang on later literati. Another example is that Lu Ji's poem Ode to the East and Bao Zhao's Ode to the East are arranged together, which shows that the same tune can form all kinds of poems with completely different contents.
Poems in Yuefu poems are classified by musical tunes, and some tunes have influenced the music of later generations. For example, Plum Blossom Fall in Han Kua Chui Ge and Difficult to Go in Miscellaneous Songs are only the earliest songs put forward by Bao Zhao, but the editor still classifies Plum Blossom Fall as Han Kua Chui Ge, and quotes Chen Wu Biezhuan in the explanation of Difficult to Go, pointing out that this song was popular among northern herders before Wei and Jin Dynasties, indicating that it was early. It reflects the influence of folk songs on literati poetry and the relationship between music and poetry, and points out the inheritance relationship between the music of the previous generation and the music of the later generations for the same theme of all kinds of music. For example, Huang Dansi in "Blowing Across the Drum and Beam", the editor quoted Chen Shizhi's "Ancient and Modern Music Record" as "blowing across the Yellow River".
Yuefu Poetry Collection gives a detailed introduction and explanation of the origin, nature and musical instruments used in singing. These explanations in the book quoted many lost articles, such as Liu Song and Zhang Yong's Yuan Jia Zheng Sheng Lu, Wang Sengqian's Nanqi Ci Lu and Chen Shizhi's Ancient and Modern Music Lu. Many precious historical materials have been preserved. This is of great value to the study of the history of literature and music. But some of them may be hearsay and unreliable.
There are also some shortcomings in Yuefu Poetry Collection. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun pointed out in the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu that it was not appropriate to include some literati poems in Yuefu. In addition, because it focuses on the melody, the recorded lyrics are often inconsistent with the narrative about the melody. For example, the editor of Shuiduige in Modern Lyrics thinks that it is the time when Emperor Yang Di visited Jiangdu, but the author is not indicated in Tangqu. In fact, I'm afraid these lyrics are all mixed from the works of the Tang Dynasty. For example, the second poem "Rupo" is obviously a poem by Du Fu.
Modern scholars have also argued about the classification of the book, such as the boundary between the harmony songs in the book and the Qing Shang songs. In The Beauty of China and Its History, Liang Qichao thinks that the Qing merchants are the three tunes of the Qing merchants in the Han and Wei Dynasties, while Guo Maoqian calls wusheng songs and western songs "the songs of the Qing merchants" and classifies them into the three tunes of the Qing merchants in the Han and Wei Dynasties. I don't agree with Liang's view that the songs of the Han Dynasty have been lost, and there are eleven "harmony songs" in the three tunes of Wei and Jin Dynasties. As for the tunes of Shangqing songs in Wei and Jin Dynasties after Sui and Tang Dynasties, they are no longer circulated, so Zheng Qiao listed Shangqing as only recording southern folk songs after Jin Dynasty (The Source of Three Sounds of Song Xianghe and Song Xianghe and Answer to Mr. Zhu Peixian's On Qing Merchants).
Yuefu poems include chicken bone pavilion edition in the late Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty edition and four photocopies. The Literature and Ancient Books Publishing Office photocopied the residual copies of Song periodicals, and the missing volumes supplemented the old manuscripts of Yuan periodicals. Today's General Punctuation Collation by Zhonghua Book Company (1980).
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I wish you progress in your studies and go up a storey still higher! (*^__^*)