Some people who risked their lives to collect books once "presented books" to the court. Because of word of mouth and repeated handwritten notes, the words are often different. 20 "Lu Lun" orally taught by Lu people; There are 22 pieces of Qi Lun taught orally by Qi people, two more pieces of Wen Jun and Zhi Lun than Lu Lun.
King Lu * * * tore down Confucius' mansion and found the ancient bamboo slips hidden in Confucius' mansion, namely "Gulun" 2 1 piece, and the second piece of Yao Yue's "Zhang Zi asked him why he went into politics" was independent. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, yu zhang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, gave priority to Lu Lun. According to Lu Lun, Qi Lun deleted two articles, namely "Ask Jun" and "Know", and 2 1 article was called Zhang Houlun.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the middle of the 2nd century A.D., Zheng Xuan made a modern edition of The Analects of Confucius based on Zhang Houlun and with reference to Qi Lun and Gu Lun, which was soon lost. Less than a hundred years later, during the Three Kingdoms period, Yanhe compiled the views of Zheng Xuan Ben and his opponents into The Analects.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties after the reconciliation, influenced by Buddhism, Huang Kan compiled semantic smoothing. From the 8th century to the 9th century, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty were skeptical about the books compiled by Zheng Xuan and Yanhe, and wanted to return to the original works. However, since Zheng Xuan lived more than 600 years apart from Confucius, the original text of The Analects of Confucius cannot be tested. According to the statistics of Ruan Yuan's Annotation of Thirteen Classics, it is about 12000 words.
From August 2065438 to August 2006, Chinese archaeologists announced that among the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Hunhou of the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, the bamboo slips of Qi Lun were found, including a chapter entitled "Knowing the Tao".
2065438+On May 29th, 2007, new news came from the archaeological excavation of Houhai faint tomb. The bamboo slips of The Analects of Confucius lost in 1800 have been scanned and ready to be interpreted.
Extended data:
There are 20 Analects of Confucius with 492 chapters. The title of each article is taken from the beginning of the text, or the first two or three words of the first sentence after "Zi Yue" and "Zi Predicate", which has nothing to do with the content of the article. According to the custom, the first 10 article is usually called "the first theory" and the last 10 article is called "the second theory". The Analects of Confucius is headed by learning.
Japan: At the beginning of the 5th century, Dr. Wang Ren, a doctor of Baekje Five Classics, traveled across the ocean to Japan and presented the notes and annotations of The Analects of Confucius by Zheng Xuan Heyan and two famous artists to Japanese Emperor Shen Ying. Chinese characters have been further popularized in Japan.
Subsequently, Shoto Kutaishi set up learning institutions in various places. Then, after the Warring States Period, the Tokugawa shogunate actively supported the Zhuzi School of Confucianism to consolidate the ruling foundation. When the shogunate returned to China and the Meiji Restoration, it became popular to use The Analects as the principle of doing business.
Baidu encyclopedia-Analects of Confucius