When I was studying with my teacher, I was carrying a book box and dragging my shoes, struggling to climb mountains and valleys. In the cold winter, the wind was blowing hard, and the snow accumulated several feet deep, and the skin on my feet was frozen and cracked. When I arrived at my place, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The waiter washed my hands with hot water, surrounded me with a quilt and covered my body. It took a long time to warm up. Staying in a hotel, the innkeeper provides two meals a day, and there is no fresh and fat taste to enjoy. The students who live together are all wearing beautiful silk embroidered clothes, red tassels, white jade rings on their belts, a knife on the left and a bag of incense on the right, all shining like immortals. I am wearing shabby clothes among them, and I don't envy glamorous ideas at all, because I have enough studies in my heart to make me happy, so I don't feel inferior to others in food and clothing. I study very hard, and that's about it. Now, although I am old and have not achieved anything, I am fortunate to be an official in the DPRK. Thanks to the brilliance of the son of heaven, I follow behind the officials and sit beside them every day, ready to answer their questions. Even if the surnames and names of officials are noble, some people in the world call them wrong, and their talents are far superior to mine. (Note: This sentence means that my position is not as normal as that of an official, so it is not surprising. )
Now you students are studying in imperial academy, enjoying the meals provided by the imperial court every day, and enjoying the leather cloth provided by your parents every year, and there is no fear of freezing and hunger; Sitting under a tall house reading poetry books, there is no longer the hard work of running around reading; There are tutors in imperial academy to be your teachers. There will be no more cases where you ask questions without telling them and seek answers without results. All the books you should have are concentrated here, and you don't have to copy them yourself like me anymore. You have to borrow it from others to see the situation of the book. Among the students in imperial academy, if there are people who are not diligent in their studies and have poor moral cultivation, it is not that they are less gifted than others, but that they are not as attentive to their studies as I am. What's wrong with others?
Ma from Dongyang studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers rated him as having both ability and political integrity. When I was in court in Kyoto, Ma Sheng met me as the son of a fellow countryman and wrote a long letter as a gift to meet my elders for the first time, which was very eloquent. When discussing the debate with Ma Sheng, Ma Sheng spoke with a modest attitude and an approachable face. Ma Sheng said that when he was young, he studied hard. Only such students can be called good students! Ma Sheng will go back to his hometown to meet his relatives. I deliberately wrote down the difficulties in learning and told them to the younger generation. Saying that I encourage fellow villagers to study hard is exactly what I want; If I distort my original intention, brag about my good luck and be conceited in front of my fellow villagers, how can I understand my mind! [2-3]
To annotate ...
Selected Works of Song Shi Xue (Four Series)
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1985).
Song Lian: (1310-1381), whose real name is Qian Xi, is also known as Xuanzhenzi, a Taoist priest in Zhen Xuan, Zhen Xuan. Pujiang (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) was a writer in the early Ming Dynasty.
Dongyang, the place name, is in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province today.
Ma Sheng, Ma Junze.
Health, the elder's name for the younger generation.
Foreword, that is, the style name, is generally used to state the theme and creative process of the work.
The style of parting words is mostly words of encouragement and praise.
Y: Me.
Childhood: When I was young.
Namely: justice
Addiction: like, special hobby.
No way: no way.
To the book: get the book. Go, go.
To: Use it. "Observation" means "expressing purpose" and "coming".
Viewpoint: Look.
Pen: Use a pen.
Every: often.
Borrowing: Synonymous compound words. Borrow.
Fake, borrowed.
Yu: preposition, from; To.
One: Yes.
Hand: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and have hands.
Nouns as adverbials.
Dài: That is to say, Fu is lazy, does not slack off, and does not relax copying.
Woman:No. Chi: It refers to copying books.
Go: Run.
Overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.
So: so. To: Because; Yes: So.
Or: sometimes.
Guān: After coronation, it refers to adulthood. The ancients held a coronation ceremony at the age of twenty to show their manhood. Later generations often use "crown" or "crowned" to indicate that the year is 20.
I'm worried.
Master: A knowledgeable teacher.
Shuo, Da.
Travel: socialize and make friends.
Taste: Once.
Trend: running towards.
Inquire about the scriptures from the predecessors in my hometown: take the scriptures and ask the local moral and learned predecessors.
Sage: a moral and learned elder. Knock, ask, ask.
Take it, take it.
Delong Wang Zun: High morality and high reputation.
Hope, prestige, reputation.
Dragon: High.
The disciples filled his room: the students filled his room.
Disciple: Student.
Fill in: charge, which means crowded here. Crowded.
Never: never.
Lower your tone slightly: speak your words gently and face them gently.
Words, words and faces. Color: skin color.
Help doubt: ask questions and ask the truth.
Assist, guide and propose.
Quality, inquiry
Bend over and ask with your ears askew: Bend over and ask with your ears askew (to show respect and concentration).
With: conjunction, and, come.
Or: sometimes.
Scold (chi) du not: reprimand, reprimand.
The more respectful the color, the more respectful the expression. Color: Look. Respect: respect
To: Thoughtful.
A: This refers to excuses and refutations.
As soon as possible: wait.
Therefore: So.
Pawn: Finally, finally.
Qiè dragging: dragging shoes with a bookcase (indicating that the shoes are worn out).
Drag: Drag and pull.
Basket: book box.
Li: Shoes.
Poor winter: severe winter.
Jūn: Because of cold and dryness, the skin is cracked.
House: refers to the school house and library.
Branch: "limbs", limbs.
Yìng people: people who serve.
Soup: Hot water.
Officer: Take a bath. W, water and wash (limbs). Irrigation "washing"
To: Use
Quilt (qρn): Quilt.
Hug: covered; It's wrapped.
And: the undertaking form.
Yes: only.
Eat again daily (s √): two meals a day. Again: twice.
Reverse travel: staying in a hotel.
Yu: verb, live; Sojourn.
Reverse tourism: hotels.
Embroidered by (pρ) Qi (qǐ): Wearing beautiful silk clothes.
Cover it, put it on, put it on.
Fringe: hat band
Wear a hat decorated with a bag: wear a hat decorated with jewels.
Zhu Yingbao ornaments: masterpieces, decorated with Zhu Yingbao.
Waist: waist.
Waist, nouns as verbs, hanging around the waist.
Stand by: hang up
Odor tolerance (xiù): sachet.
Smell, smell, here refers to the aroma.
Ye Ran: The sun shines on people. Yu, it's on.
Clothes: Wearing shabby clothes. (Nouns as verbs)
Old packing. Oh, it is broken.
Slightly unsightly: no envy.
Slightly none: none.
Mu Yan, envy, admiration.
People who have enough fun in it don't know whether the service of mouth and body is not like people: because they have enough fun in their hearts (referring to reading), they don't feel that food and clothing are not as good as people.
China: Inside.
Oral and physical service: refers to food and clothing.
Feng: Support.
G: Probably.
Tao: Go ahead, go ahead.
Student: It means there are too many students.
Imperial academy: A school established by the central government in the Ming Dynasty to educate scholars, called imperial academy or imperial academy.
County magistrate: This refers to the imperial court.
Lu (lǐn) Shao: Food given by the government. At that time, the free food provided by the government was called "heavy" or "light".
Qiu (qiú): Leather clothes.
Ge (gé): A cloth woven from the fibers of Ge, commonly known as summer cloth, here refers to clothes worn in summer.
Heritage (wèi): Give, give.
Poetry: The Book of Songs refers to the Five Classics (Poetry, Calligraphy, Ritual, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period). Abbreviations of Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
Division and Doctor: Deputy Chief and Professor of imperial academy respectively. Represents a learned person.
Fake people: fake people, lend others.
Non-innate (intellectual) inferiority complex: if it weren't for low talent.
Generation: peers. Flow: flat.
Chao: In ancient times, courtiers appeared before the monarch. When Song Lian wrote this article, he came to Beijing from his hometown and met Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing.
Be a countryman: Be a countryman's son.
Ye: I want to meet you.
Zhuan: Write.
Long book: long letter.
Basket: a gift to show respect when meeting for the first time.
Discrimination: through "debate".
Yi: Peace.
Bi: Over.
Taste: Once.
Suffer: worry
Slightly: slightly
Smell: harvest
If: like it
Article background
Preface to Farewell to Dongyang is taken from Song Anthology (four series). In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Song Lian retired from his hometown Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) to Yingtian (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) in the second year. Ma Junze, a fellow student in imperial academy, came to visit Zhu Yuanzhang. This lesson only extracts the first half of the preface. In this part, the author did not preach with a straight face because of his position and elder status, but put forward his own views and described the hardships and hardships of his childhood study, in order to convince people with reason and control people with emotion. This is the author's ardent expectation for Ma Junze. After hard work, I finally achieved something.