Detailed explanation of thirteen classics
Thirteen Classics refers to thirteen Confucian classics formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. They are The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Yi Li, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, Zuo Zhuan, The Biography of Gongyang, Liang Bochuan, The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya, Xiao Jing and Mencius. Its formation process is as follows: Poetry, calligraphy, Yi, Li and Spring and Autumn are the five classics in Han Dynasty; In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Ram and Gu Liang were listed as nine classics. "Kaicheng Stone Carving Studies" added "Xiao Jing", "Analects of Confucius" and "Er Ya" as twelve classics; Mencius written by Song Fuzeng is called Thirteen Classics. Peach Blossom Fan in Clear Sky Ren Shang? Grasp the community:? Look at the Thirteen Classics, the Twenty-first History, the Nine Schools, the Three Religions, the Hundred Schools, the rotten stories, and the novels. They are all full of boxes and shelves, all high and low. ? Zhao Qing's The Continuation of Xiao Ting? Ishii:? During the Yongzheng period, Jiang Heng, a student, was good at calligraphy and determined to write thirteen classics, which took more than ten years to complete. ? See Qing Gu Yanwu's Record of the Day, Volume 18; Miscellaneous Notes on Qian Qing's Tai Chi Exposing Books. In addition, Buddhism and Taoism each have their own classic works "Thirteen Classics", which represent the concepts of Buddhism and Taoism respectively.
The origin of thirteen classics
The earliest Confucian classics, called Six Classics, are Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Yue and Chunqiu. Jing Yue was lost earlier, so there are only Five Classics. Among them, Yi, Shu and Shi had been circulated long before Confucius and were quoted many times in Zuo Zhuan. Li is a summary of social etiquette at that time. I don't know when it was written. According to legend, Confucius started his studies with these four books as teaching materials. (It is reported that these four classics were of practical significance at that time. According to Zuo Zhuan, people at that time should have foresight before making major decisions; This book mainly records the words, decrees and important deeds of ancient kings, and is a historical book. Poetry is also called Poetry 300. At that time, poems were often presented in social occasions to express their feelings, and their meanings were expressed by reciting different poems. "Li", that is, "Li", is the regulation and explanation of various ceremonial ceremonies at that time, such as adult coronation, funeral and funeral. All these are of practical significance, and mastering these is also the requirement of society for a qualified taxi at that time. ) The Spring and Autumn Period was the general name of the history books of various countries at that time, and The Spring and Autumn Period was the legend that Confucius edited and revised Lv Chunqiu, among which Confucius praised and criticized history.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was regarded as the official ideology. After Baijia was deposed, the Five Classics was listed as an official school and a doctor of the Five Classics was established. Yi, Shu, Shi, Li and Chunqiu were upgraded from Confucian textbooks to? Classic? , officially known as the Five Classics. Among them, in the book Chunqiu, scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties attached the biography of Chunqiu (biography, that is, the words explaining the classics) to the classics for convenience, and the classics of Chunqiu were no longer a single line.
The establishment of thirteen classics
The Thirteen Classics gradually developed from the Five Classics of Han Dynasty and finally formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. Obtained thirteen kinds of Confucian documents? Classic? After a long time. The Han Dynasty chose Yi, Shi, Shu, Li and Chunqiu. Five classics? The official attaches great importance to it. In the Tang Dynasty? Nine classics? He is also an official in the academic school and is used to taking scholars. So-called? Nine classics? Including yi, history, Shu, Yu, Yu and Chunqiu. As an adult, Tang Wenzong studied stone carving in Guo Zi, except the content of carving. Nine classics? In addition, it also benefited from The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya and Xiao Jing. Meng Changjun, Lord of Shu, carved in the Five Dynasties? Eleven classics? Excluding Xiao Jing and Er Ya, it was included in Mencius and jumped into the classics for the first time. In The Book of Rites, Zhu, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, juxtaposed Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, forming four books that people are familiar with today and have been officially recognized. Classic? . So far, thirteen Confucian documents have established their classic status. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the Thirteen Classics were carved with stones, and Ruan Yuan co-carved the Notes on the Thirteen Classics.
Han Dynasty: Five Classics
There were five schools in the Han Dynasty: Yi, Shi, Shu, and Chun Qiu. Five classics? , standing in the academic officer.
Tang Dynasty: Nine Classics
In the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period was divided into? Three levels? , namely Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Guliang Zhuan; The Book of Rites is divided into? Three gifts? , namely the Book of Rites, Book of Rites and Book of Rites. These six books are collectively called Yi, Shu and Shi? Nine classics? Still an academic officer, used to open a degree.
Late Tang Dynasty: Twelve Classics
As an adult, Tang Wenzong studied stone carving in Guo Zi, except? Nine classics? In addition, the Analects of Confucius, Er Ya and Xiao Jing have been added.
Five Dynasties: Eleven Classics (Income from Mencius)
After the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Meng Changjun, the Lord of Shu, carved? Eleven classics? , income of Mencius, and exclude the filial piety and erya.
Southern Song Dynasty: Thirteen Classics were formally formed.