Scorpion is also called Scorpion, Arthropoda, Arachnoidea, Scorpion, Scorpion Family. Scorpions are very tenacious and have a wide range of adaptation to the environment. Scorpions don't eat cooked food, but they like Tenebrio molitor and rice borer. Fresh meat such as pork, beef and fish is also good food. Scorpions have no teeth, so they can only secrete some digestive juice from their mouths, slowly digest the predatory insects into slurry in vitro, and then inhale. Eating 1 time can last 10 days. Scorpion is a kind of temperature-changing animal, which can survive at -5-40 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is 28 ~ 39 degrees Celsius, it is most active, grows rapidly and has a high birth rate. The suitable humidity for scorpions is 60-70%, the scorpion nest should be dry and the activity place should be wet. Scorpion has high medicinal and edible value. Scorpion is often used to treat epilepsy, rheumatism, hemiplegia, facial distortion, deafness, dysphonia, and hand and foot convulsions. Scorpion venom has the effects of expelling pathogenic wind and detoxicating, relieving pain and dredging collaterals, and has certain curative effects on esophageal cancer, liver cancer and colon cancer. Scorpion is rich in nutritional value and is an important nourishing health care product.
Breeding prospect of scorpions
1, what are the characteristics of artificial breeding scorpions?
The artificial breeding of scorpions can be said to be the "gold industry" in the new century, also known as the "sunrise industry", which has the characteristics of high economic value, bright development prospects, stable market, wide use, low cost, great benefit, no environmental pollution, sustainable development and strong science and technology.
2. Where do scorpions sell after they are raised?
Scorpion, as a valuable medicinal material, is sold in 19 medicinal material markets (or local medicinal material companies and hospitals) in Bozhou, Anhui, Anguo, Hebei, Jinchun, Hubei, Zhangshu, Jiangxi and Qingpingping, Guangzhou, etc. Those that cannot be sold locally can be sold through us. At present, the price of dried scorpion (dead scorpion) in Bozhou medicinal materials market in Anhui Province is around 550 yuan/kg. Live scorpions go to the public table because they can be eaten, and Lyon is more expensive, which often has a price but no market. The price of live scorpions is 400-600 yuan/kg in hot summer and 600-800 yuan/kg in winter. Hirudo price 130- 150 yuan/kg; Eupolyphaga 18—22 yuan/kg; Centipede 0.8 yuan/strip.
3. Can animals such as scorpions, centipedes, ground beetles and leeches be mailed? Will there be casualties on the way?
Scorpions and centipedes are arthropods, which can cling to the walls of objects. Even if they are superimposed on each other, there is a certain gap, so the transportation process is generally safe and there are no casualties. Eupolyphaga mostly lays eggs by mail, while Tenebrio molitor is generally not mailed because of its low economic value. Leeches can also be mailed. It usually takes about 3 days to reach China by express mail.
4. What is the prospect of special aquaculture after China's entry into WTO?
According to Xinhua News Agency, after China's accession to the WTO, due to the integration of the world economy, the business and trade that used to be highly profitable have turned into a low-profit stage, and there will be no huge profits. As for starting an industry, it is even more dangerous, otherwise it will stop production and close down. Ordinary aquaculture, such as rice, wheat, pigs and chickens, will be hit hard and unprofitable because of market saturation, while special aquaculture will become a "gold industry" because of the lack of similar products in the market. In addition, few people know the production technology, so there will be huge development space and bright prospects, and operators will have a "money way".
5. How big is the market demand for scorpions?
According to relevant data, China's annual demand for scorpions is nearly 5,000 tons, but the actual market can only provide more than 400 tons, and the market gap is huge, and it will not be saturated for at least 10 years. In the past, scorpions were mainly used in medicine. Because of its delicious meat and rich nutrition, scorpions have flooded into the table as a high-grade health food. According to the prediction of relevant people, the market of scorpions will be bigger than drugs, because people are always tired of delicious and healthy food.
Benefit analysis of scorpion breeding
What are the medicinal and edible functions of scorpions?
Scorpion is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, which has the functions of calming wind and relieving spasm, dredging channels and collaterals, relieving swelling and pain, attacking toxin and resolving hard mass. Can be used for the treatment of rheumatism, hemiplegia, numbness of limbs, apoplexy, scrofula, tetanus, unknown toxin, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, etc. In traditional Chinese medicine, there are 100 diseases that need to be treated with scorpions. Because it contains special protein, it has always been a delicacy on people's table. It has strong nourishing, health care and beauty value.
Is it feasible to raise scorpions artificially?
(1) has a bright future and is a national "Spark Plan" tax-free project;
(2) the market is stable, and the sales price has only risen for many years;
(3) It has a wide range of uses and high medicinal and edible values;
(4) low cost, high profit, high economic value and high breeding return rate;
(5) Scorpions eat less, excrete less feces, have no peculiar smell and do not pollute the environment;
(6) Scorpions have strong vitality, do not infect diseases, and do not need epidemic prevention;
(7) Scorpions lie down during the day and come out at night, so feeding does not occupy the work during the day and can be fed at night;
(8) It occupies a small area and can be cultivated in idle houses, balconies, corners or simple greenhouses;
(9) The breeding speed is fast, and the number of litters is large, with 30-50 litters per litter and 2-4 litters per year;
(10) The labor intensity of breeding is low, and everyone can raise it, so it is highly technical.
Is the benefit of raising scorpions artificially high?
Based on 1000 breeding scorpions, there are 700 females and 300 males in 1000 breeding scorpions. If each female scorpion gives birth to 30-60 young scorpions at a time (average 30), the survival rate of young scorpions is 80%.
Annual output of 700 female scorpions =700 *30 *2 times * 80% = 33,600 young scorpions;
Young scorpions grow up for 8 months and become commercial scorpions, calculated at the market price of 550 yuan/kg (about 700 scorpions per kg);
33,600/700 * 550 yuan = 26,400 yuan;
26400 yuan-construction fee-feed fee-scorpion breeding fee 3250 yuan =23000 yuan.
Scorpion's life span is 8- 10 years, which is a long-term income of an investment.
This is a theoretical calculation, and the actual income depends on the mastery of technology and management level. )
Utilization value of scorpions
In addition to medicine, scorpions can also be used as nourishing food. Among them, there is a crab wine, which is made by soaking the whole crab in white wine. It has the effects of calming wind, relieving spasm, dredging collaterals and relieving pain. With the improvement of living standards and people's awareness of their own health care, many people's eyes have turned from eating nutritional supplements to health food, and scorpions are the first to be regarded as delicious food, becoming famous dishes in major hotels and restaurants, and being favored by guests at home and abroad.
Other uses
(1) Development of health products
At present, various health products with scorpions as the main raw materials have emerged as the times require, such as "Chinese golden crab wine", "crab essence oral liquid" and "whole crab capsule Chinese crab tonic paste". And the market sales are quite good.
(2) Making handicrafts
The handicrafts made by scorpions are vivid, novel and peculiar, which are deeply loved by modern young people. Some people in China use resin materials to embed them into ornamental objects, and some people in the United States make them into Christmas gifts for their relatives and friends.
Medicinal value of scorpion
Scorpion is a traditional and precious Chinese herbal medicine. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, working people in our country realized that scorpion is a good medicine for preventing and treating diseases, and it has been put into clinical application, which is recorded in the famous ancient books "The Book of Songs", "Kaibao Materia Medica" and "Compendium of Materia Medica".
Scorpion is a traditional and precious Chinese herbal medicine. Because most of them take completely dry drugs for everyone, they are called "scorpion" or "scorpion" in medicine, and in some places they are also called chain scorpion, sword scorpion, main book worm and summer tail worm. It is pungent in taste, warm in nature and toxic, and can relieve pain, stop wind and spasm, dredge channels and activate collaterals, reduce swelling and relieve pain, attack toxin and disperse stagnation, and can be widely used for stroke, hemiplegia, mouth-eye deviation and epilepsy. It has achieved remarkable effects in treating convulsion, rheumatic joint pain, migraine, tetanus, dysentery, sores, tuberculosis, tetanus, intractable eczema, dermatitis, lymphoid tuberculosis and other diseases. At present, there are hundreds of prescriptions compatible with scorpion, and there are more than 60 kinds of Chinese patent medicines made from scorpion, such as Dahuoluo Dan, Zaizao Pill, Zheng Qian Powder and Zhongfenghuichun Pill. Scorpion is the main ingredient.
Modern pharmacological experiments show that the toxin protein in crab roe not only has high content, low molecular weight and good thermal stability, but also has unique physiological activity, and it also has good curative effect on heart disease, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases and other intractable diseases.
Calm down and invest carefully in raising scorpions.
Scorpion fever has recently risen in some places. In view of this situation, experts remind that investment needs to be cautious.
According to reports, it is irresponsible to say that some units know the technology of raising scorpions at first sight, and that everyone can raise success as soon as they learn it. The technology of raising scorpions is not simple. The actual survival rate of raising scorpions is very low, and the survival rate of wild scorpions is only 10%. Even the domestic advanced method of artificial raising scorpions without dormancy and constant temperature is less than 20%. Therefore, it is suggested that farmers invest carefully in raising scorpions.
Scorpion is a cold-blooded animal with variable temperature, so it is very strict with the temperature. A little carelessness will affect the normal growth of scorpions and lead to death.
Molting is a necessary part of scorpion's growth and development. Scorpions shed their skins six times in their lifetime, and once they shed their skins, they will increase by one year. A 7-year-old scorpion is an adult scorpion. Generally, the more difficult death barrier of scorpions is the molting barrier of scorpions aged two or three. Because scorpions are tender and weak when molting, the temperature and humidity are not easily controlled accurately, and scorpions kill each other, which will lead to a large number of deaths. As the saying goes: winter is easier than spring, winter scorpions are sad to die in winter, and spring is also easy to die. Although the breeder can successfully raise some adult scorpions, if the disability rate is too high, it may be useless and basically lose everything.
Cultivating or not and making money are two concepts. Without a certain number of scorpions, even if someone collects them at a guaranteed price, it is difficult to have real income. However, it is difficult to break through the technology of breeding scorpions, which is the fundamental reason why the domestic scorpion market is in short supply. Many rich people get rich by frying scorpions.
How to extract scorpion venom
1. If the ultimate goal is to extract poisons, what kind of scorpions should we choose as breeding objects?
Scorpion, as a medicinal animal, can dry the whole insect in the sun for medicine or take poison, which is mainly used to treat rubella, stroke, hemiplegia, mouth and eyes askew, speech disorder, hand and foot convulsions and other diseases. Scorpions are Italian Scorpion, Carolinian Scorpion, Mexican Scorpion, Subies Scorpion, Five-line Scorpion and so on. , while the East Asian scorpion (also known as the Far East scorpion, with different names from place to place) is distributed in most parts of China. As a simple and easy to raise or detoxify, you may wish to choose the East Asian scorpion. When raising, it is recommended to raise Eupolyphaga sinensis, which is easy to raise and scorpions like to eat.
2. What is the extraction process of scorpion venom?
There are many folk methods for extracting scorpion venom, which can be selected according to the actual situation:
(1) Dissection and taking poison. Cut off the scorpion tail, soak it in distilled water or normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution), grind the tail, centrifuge (5000 rpm) for 5 minutes, repeat for 3 times, take the supernatant and vacuum dry it to obtain yellow scorpion venom coarse dry powder, which should be stored at -20℃.
② Taking poison by mechanical stimulation. Clamp one of the scorpion's pincers (similar to crab's pincers) with metal pincers, be careful not to pinch its limbs, then artificially stimulate its head and chest, and put the discharged liquid in a clean cup.
(3) Weak current stimulation. Use a multi-purpose instrument for pharmacological and physiological experiments to take poison, with the frequency adjusted to 128H and the pressure adjusted to 6 ~ 10 V. Clamp any front paw of the scorpion with an electric plate, then clamp the second segment of the scorpion tail with a metal plate, and keep the other electrode in contact with the metal tweezers. If it is not detoxified, normal saline can be used to wet the contact between the electrode and the scorpion, which can stimulate detoxification.
It's a good method to take poison by weak current stimulation, and the poison is large, so it can be taken repeatedly. Generally speaking, scorpions can take 3 drops of this poison.
Extraction and processing of scorpion venom
Generally, 3 grams of wet poison can be taken from 3,000 live scorpions, and the processed dry powder is 1 gram. Scorpions can take poison again every 15-20 days after taking poison (the feeding temperature must be above 28 degrees Celsius). Pregnant scorpions can still give birth to young scorpions after taking poison, but it will affect the survival rate of young scorpions. The best time to take poison is from the end of spring to the end of autumn. In June, the scorpion's poison production decreased at 5438+ 10, and in late June, it was basically not detoxified at 65438+ 10, so it was impossible to take poison when entering the winter sting.
First, take poison.
May -65438+ 10 is the best season for scorpion activity, foraging, growth and development, and it is also the season with the most poisonous content and the best quality. The best temperature for detoxification is above 25 degrees Celsius.
Scorpions should take poison at the age of 6-7 after sexual maturity. At this time, the scorpion has a large amount of detoxification, which will not affect the growth and reproduction of the scorpion after taking the poison.
Before taking poison, brush the scorpions in the breeding pond into a large plastic basin, put a wet and clean towel on the bottom of the basin, and spray a small amount of physiological saline to fix the dust on the surface of the scorpions to avoid flying.
Operating steps of the electric pulse poison detector: turn on the switch of the poison detector, adjust the voltage to 8- 12 volts and the frequency to 128 Hz, insert the lead of the electrode soft pen and the lead of the collecting rack into the corresponding jacks, and turn on the power; Soak the soft tip of the electrode on the collecting rack with physiological saline, grasp the last two sections of scorpion tail with the left hand, and constantly contact the scorpion's front paws with the electrode to stimulate the scorpion to discharge venom, and collect it in a beaker (the bottom of the beaker needs to be filled with ice cubes, which should be changed every 2 hours 1 time to ensure the quality of scorpion venom active enzyme); Put the scorpion with poisonous juice into a plastic basin; Put the beaker full of scorpion venom into a vacuum dryer to dry.
Second, the drying of scorpion venom.
The common drying method is vacuum drying. Under low pressure, the water in the venom can evaporate quickly. The vacuum drying device comprises a vacuum dryer, a condensing tube and a vacuum pump. The piston at that top of the dry is connected with a condensing pipe, and the other end of the condense pipe is sequentially connected with a filter suction bottle, a dryer and a vacuum pump. There are desiccant and venom samples in the dryer. Before use, apply a little aspirin around the piston of the dryer, and then check whether the whole device leaks. When in use, put the venom and desiccant into the dish respectively, then put the dish into the dryer, start the vacuum pump, but the cover can't be pushed, then close the piston and then turn off the vacuum pump. After the scorpion venom is dry, slowly unscrew the piston to prevent the air from scattering the scorpion venom dry powder. Dry powder should also be taken out under purified conditions and immediately put into a brown glass bottle for sealed preservation.
Third, the extraction process of scorpion venom.
Electrical stimulation is used to take out fresh scorpion venom, a container filled with scorpion venom is placed in ice cubes at 0-4 degrees Celsius, and the mixture is centrifuged at a high speed of 2,500-4,000 rpm for 30 minutes to separate impurities such as soil and calcium to obtain pure scorpion venom. After rapid cooling and vacuum drying, white crystalline powder is obtained, which is subpackaged in packaging bottles with different specifications, and the finished product is stored under dry, low temperature and dark conditions. The whole technological process can be summarized as follows: collecting poison for 2 hours, purifying at 0-4 degrees Celsius for 20-30 minutes, quick freezing at 20-25 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes or 2 hours, drying at minus 19 degrees Celsius-minus 14 degrees Celsius for 4-6 hours, and freeze-drying scorpion venom at minus 5-20 degrees Celsius into dry powder.