In the history of our country, the two emperors at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty-father Hui Zong Evonne and son Qinzong Zhao Huan-were exiled to the "Five Kingdoms City" in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province because they were captured by the nomads, which became tragic figures widely circulated for thousands of years. Their "sitting on a well and watching the sky" has also become a famous legend in ancient China. Because of this, the captured career, exile fate, final outcome, and even related details of these two fallen emperors have been concerned and explored by historians and scholars of past dynasties. So there have been many statements, which are inconsistent or very different, thus becoming various mysteries. Not superficial, the author can make it clear that the following points are introduced. History: In the second year of Beijingkang, the father and son emperors were captured, took the imperial envoys of the empresses to Yanshan, and then to Yanjing, where they met Jin Taizu's younger brother, Wan Yan, the king of Liao, who was in charge of domestic and foreign armies, and were reprimanded. In the spring of the following year (1 128), he was taken to Huining House, the capital of Jin State in the northeast (there is Baicheng site in the suburb of Acheng, Heilongjiang Province today). In August, he appeared in front of Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty. Emperor Taizong named Zhao Ji as a loyal monarch and Zhao Huan as a loyal monarch. Soon, he was taken to Hanzhou (now Bamiancheng, Changtu County, Liaoning Province) for custody. Two years later, Jin Tianhui moved to Wu Guocheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang) in the autumn of eight years. In Wu Guocheng, Song Huizong wrote a sad poem "Glaring at the Eyes" and "Yanshan Pavilion" written in Hangzhou. "Looking at Apricot Flowers in the Northbound" became his masterpiece and was widely circulated. After many years in the five kingdoms city, father and son died one after another. Where is this five-country city which is famous for its "looking at the sky from the well" in Evonne and Zhao Huan in history? According to most historical data, Wu Guocheng is today's yilan county in Heilongjiang, located at the confluence of Songhua River and Mudanjiang River. However, some people say that the place where Emperor Zhao and his son "sit in the well and watch the sky" is Wuzhou City, and Mr. Hu, an expert in Song Ci, even said that Wuzhou City is in Jilin Province (Selected Songs of Song Dynasty, page 125, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House). It can be seen that the five cities also need to be clear. The ancient historical materials of Northeast China, Liao History and Jin History, record that Tokyo Road of Liao Dynasty governs today's three northeastern provinces, the southern foot of Xing 'an Mountains outside Russia and the east of Wusuli River. In the meantime, from the confluence of Mudanjiang and Songhua River to the confluence of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River (including its northeast region), there are five jurchens on both sides of the lower reaches of Songhua River, namely Yueli Base, Pengnuri Department, Yuelidu Department, Ourimi Department and Zaali Department, which are collectively called the Five Kingdoms Department. There are castles in the center of each department, and the leaders of each department live in their own homes. Therefore, it is called "the city of five heads of state versus five cities". Yueliji is located in the south, at the intersection of Songhua River and Mudanjiang River. Its city is known as the first city of the five countries, and its former site is today's Yilan County, where Huizong and Qinzong were demoted to "sit on a well and watch the sky" in the Northern Song Dynasty. Ali, the northernmost part of the five kingdoms, was later transliterated as Polly, which is today's Khabarovsk, Russia. Scholars in ancient Central Plains didn't know much about the history and geography of Liao and Jin Dynasties in Northeast China. Today, Yilan is called the Five Kingdoms City. Until today, some authoritative texts still have inaccurate explanations. Ru Cihai said: "During the Liao Dynasty, the Ali area was cut off by the banks of the Songhua River ... and the tribes of the five countries were United, and our time was set to lead them to become the city of the five countries." It is obviously wrong to reduce nuzhen's five tribes to five tribes. Second, the Ministry of Five Kingdoms is regarded as the city of Five Kingdoms, with a vast territory. It is unknown where the Emperor Qin Hui "sat in the well and watched the sky". What's more, the Dictionary of Historical Place Names in China compiled by the Department of History of Nanjing University says that the Five Kingdoms City is the general name of Ali and other five cities, so it is difficult to find the Five Kingdoms City where the Second Emperor "sits on a well and watches the sky" from the lower reaches of Songhua River to the lower reaches of Heilongjiang River! Qin Hui, the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, spent more than 800 years in Wutou City, today's Yilan. In recent years, there is a literary history saying that when the emperor was observing the sky on the well, he specifically mentioned that there were three dry wells in Yilan, apparently to prove that Emperor Zhao and his son were really sitting here, and these three dry wells were the places where the two emperors sat. I haven't been to Yilan City. I wonder if there are only three dry wells in Yilan City? According to what, they were more than 800 years ago, and they were dry wells where Emperor Qin Hui sat? I wonder if Yilan county has listed these three "royal wells" as tourist cultural landscapes for tourists to enjoy. In fact, whether the Second Emperor is "sitting on a well and watching the sky" in Yilan can also be made clear by the Northeast people. Well diggers dig deep holes. Even the dry wells abandoned because of water shortage are deep. Not afraid of his escape, he will never be imprisoned in a deep well. In the history of China for thousands of years, there is no record of prisoners using deep wells. At this time, Qin Hui was a captive in exile, accompanied by empresses, royalty and officials, attended by ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs, and had the freedom to write poems and draw pictures and talk with royalty and officials, but only with the guards of the nomads from the Jin Dynasty. The rulers are not afraid of their escape, nor do they believe that they will escape from the vast Daikin Kingdom without any help. So "sitting on a well and watching the sky" is just a rumor. Naturally, the central plains literati have such records because everything happens for a reason. It may even be seen by officials of the Northern Song Dynasty who followed the Second Emperor to Wuguotou City and were later put back into the Pass. Did these officials see Emperor Qin Hui living or sitting there? Don't say that eight or nine hundred years ago, that is, six or seven hundred years ago, it was not easy for the northeast people to build tile houses. Coupled with the cold winter, digging a hole is an ancient folk custom in the northern Manchu area-digging a hole, building a shed on it, covering it with thatch, and leaving a corner for export, which was known to people in the past. Su Shen period, from the ancestors of Northeast China to Manchu, has been like this for thousands of years. Seeing that Emperor Qin Hui lived in an underground pit in the capital, Wu Guotou, officials of the Northern Song Dynasty who returned to the Central Plains said that the underground pit looked like a well, because they didn't know its name, so there was a legend that two emperors were captured and "watched the sky from a well". People in the central plains don't know the inside story and believe it. It has been a mystery for hundreds of years where the two emperors who were captured and exiled to the five kingdoms city died. The first person to talk about the cause of death was Yu, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. In his book Daikin Guozhi, he simply said that Hui Zong's "Five Cities Collapsed". Later works, such as Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Ci Hai and Chronology of China, edited by Bi Yuan in Qing Dynasty, all followed this theory. The latter two books even say that Zhao Huan, the first Qin Emperor, also died in the Five Kingdoms City. However, just a few decades after Qin Hui's death, Southern Tales and Records of Du Nan recorded that Qin Hui did not die of old age, but was later transferred to another five-country city-Ximianzhou. Where is Ximianzhou? I haven't found it yet. Wu Zhaoqian, a patriotic poet who was exiled to Ningguta in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote in his poem Little Star: "The moon is over in five cities, and there is no crying in five cities." He wrote in "To Teenagers": "Don't you see that Hui Zong buried his bones in the empty river song, leaving the vast tomb as deer and elk." Obviously, Hui Zong died not only in Wuguotou City, but also in Songhua River or Mudanjiang River in Wuguotou City. However, according to an expert, Wu Zhaoqian's anti-Russian poems were written by soldiers who were sitting in Ningguta's home and listening to them coming back from the front. His two poems obviously mean that Song Huizong is dead or buried near Mudanjiang, and there should be five kingdoms city near Mudanjiang. However, historical records such as History of the Song Dynasty, Continuing to Treat Mirrors clearly record that in the twelfth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, the second year of Emperor Tongdi in Jin Dynasty (1 142) and the seventh year after his death, "the mother Wei was released to the Song Dynasty by Jin, and Zigong also returned". His body was transported back to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. With Wei's mother and the Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, it can be seen that what Wu Zhaoqian saw was not the tomb of Hui Zong, but the local legend of Yilan, the capital of the five countries. As for the view that the tomb is beside the Mudanjiang River in Ningguta, it is only a guess after seeing Wu's poems.
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