Eggplant likes warm crops and is resistant to high temperature. The suitable temperature for fruiting is 25 ~ 30℃. It is insensitive to the length of photoperiod, and can blossom and bear fruit from spring to autumn as long as the temperature is suitable. Open field cultivation is the main method. In the Yangtze River valley, seedlings are planted in seedbeds from winter to early spring, while in the northern provinces, seedlings are planted in hotbeds or sunny beds in early spring. Due to the long fruiting period of eggplant, in addition to adequate base fertilizer, it is also required to topdress for many times (mainly nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increasing phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer). The main pests are cutworms, ladybugs and red spiders, and the main disease is damping-off disease.
Eggplant can be divided into three varieties: (1) round eggplant: the plant is tall, the fruit is big, spherical, oblate or oval, and it is widely cultivated in northern China. (2) Eggplant: The plant grows moderately, and the fruit is slender and rod-shaped, which is widely cultivated in southern China. (3) Short eggplant: the plant is short, the fruit is small, and the egg is long or long.
China's eggplant cultivation area is about 3 million mu, and Guangdong's is about 6,543,800 mu, all of which are distributed in the whole province, and Zhanjiang and other northern transportation bases are relatively concentrated. Eggplants cultivated in Guangdong are mainly long eggplant, oval and round, and the fruit color is mainly purple, but also white, cyan and purple-black. In recent years, with the increasing demand in the northern transportation market, the northern transportation base also likes to plant purple-black eggplant, including bright eggplant, oval eggplant and round eggplant.
The way to eat eggplant is suitable for both meat and vegetables. Can be fried, roasted, steamed, boiled, fried, cold, soup, can make delicious dishes. It is recommended not to peel eggplant. Its value lies in the skin. Eggplant skin contains vitamin B. Vitamin B and vitamin C are good partners. We get enough vitamin C and need the support of vitamin B in the process of metabolism.
Eggplant is also rich in nutrients, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients. Especially the content of vitamin P is very high. Every 10Q gram contains P750 of vitamin, which is beyond the reach of many fruits and vegetables. Vitamin P can keep the elasticity and physiological function of blood vessel wall and prevent hardening and rupture, so eating eggplant often helps to prevent and treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and hemorrhagic purpura.
Chinese medicine believes that eggplant belongs to cold food. Therefore, eating in summer helps to clear away heat and relieve summer heat, especially suitable for people who are prone to prickly heat and sores. People with indigestion and diarrhea should not eat more, as Li Shizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Eggplant is cold and beneficial, and eating more is good for abdominal pain." According to the herbs in southern Yunnan, eggplant can promote blood circulation, reduce swelling and moisten intestines. Therefore, it is also helpful for people with constipation, hemorrhoid bleeding and damp-heat jaundice to eat more eggplant. You can choose purple eggplant and rice to cook porridge together. "Compendium of Materia Medica" introduces that eggplant with pedicle is baked and ground into fine powder, and blood under intestinal wind is treated with wine; Herbal medicine in southern Yunnan advocates that rice soup is appropriate, because blood due to intestinal wind and hemorrhoid bleeding are not suitable for wine. Bake the pedicled eggplant and grind it into fine powder, which is often used for external use. This family belongs to solanaceae.
Alias Russell, Cheese Crisp and Kunlungua.
Cold and sweet in nature; Enter the stomach.
Indications: clearing heat and cooling blood, reducing swelling and detoxifying. Indications: Blood-related diseases such as intestinal wind, heat-toxic sores and carbuncle, and skin ulcers.
Every 100g nutrient contains protein 2.3g, fat 0. 1g, carbohydrate 3. 1g, calcium 22mg, phosphorus 3 1mg, iron 0.5mg, carotene 0.04mg, thiamine 0.03mg and riboflavin 0.04mg.. In addition, it also contains vitamin 3. Anti-aging eggplant contains vitamin E, which has hemostatic and anti-aging effects. Eating eggplant regularly can prevent the cholesterol level in the blood from rising, which has positive significance for delaying human aging.
Healthy diet
1. fried eggplant cake 30g, minced meat IOO 0g, three eggs, chopped green onion and Jiang Mo. First, clean and peel the eggplant, and cut it into clamping blades with a diameter of 3 cm (the first knife is cut off and the second knife is connected); Adding yellow wine, refined salt, onion, ginger and monosodium glutamate into minced meat, and stirring evenly; Eggs are shelled and broken, put into starch to make paste, sprinkle a little dry starch on eggplant meat, and put into the end to make eggplant cake; Put the oil in the pot and heat it to 60%, and the eggplant cakes will be cooked. Fry them one by one until they are 80% cooked, and then take them out. When the oil temperature rises to 80%, fry the eggplant cake until it is crisp, and sprinkle with salt and pepper. This dish is crispy and delicious, and it has the function of harmonizing the middle energizer and nourishing the stomach. Especially suitable for people with bad appetite.
2. Stir-fried eggplant 250g. First, wash the eggplant, cut it into small pieces, put it on the fire, add oil and heat it to 70%, pour in the eggplant pieces and stir-fry until cooked, then add a little salt. This dish has the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and is suitable for patients with hemorrhoid bleeding.
3. 250g of steamed eggplant. Wash the eggplant, cut it into strips, put it in a bowl and steam it in a steamer for about 20 minutes; Take out the steamed eggplant, put salt while it is hot, and drizzle with sesame oil. This dish has the effect of clearing away heat and eliminating carbuncle, and is suitable for skin ulceration caused by heat toxic sores and carbuncle.
4. Eggplant with shrimp 750g, eggplant with canned head 50g, shrimp 50g, lean meat 150g, 2 eggs, 20g of mushrooms and clean bamboo shoots, and appropriate amount of onion and Jiang Mo. Firstly, the eggplant is cut into 1 cm thick discs, and each piece is dug into a dazzling knife; Pork is cut into 4cm filaments; Shred bamboo shoots and mushroom; Blanch bamboo shoots and shredded mushrooms with boiling water and dry them for later use; Sit in a wok, heat the oil, first fry the shrimps, then fry the eggplant slices until golden brown, and then fish them out; Stir-fry eggs into pieces for later use; Put in a wok, add shredded pork and batter, add onion and ginger, stir-fry until cooked, add shrimps, eggs, shredded mushrooms, shredded bamboo shoots, cooking wine and soy sauce, add monosodium glutamate and a little soup, and put in the wok.
Finally, take a bowl, spread a piece of eggplant on the bottom of the bowl, surround the bowl with eggplant slices, put the stuffing into the bowl, cover the eggplant slices, steam in a steamer, pour the steamed original soup into a spoon, put the eggplant jar into a flat plate, thicken the pot with pepper oil, and finally pour the juice on the eggplant jar. This dish is delicious and nutritious, and has the effects of strengthening the spleen, calming the heart, lowering blood pressure and stopping bleeding. It is suitable for patients with arteriosclerosis, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis and scurvy.
Precautions: Eggplant is cold, spleen and stomach deficiency cold, loose stool should not eat more.
Selected document
"Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat fever and dispel the body's tuberculosis."
Compendium of Medical Forest: "Be lenient with others, promote blood circulation and quench thirst."
Cultural appreciation
Song Zhengqing. "Ode to Eggplant": "Purple skin kills officials, and the head is like a monk. How can it be secular, and the entrance is always general? "
A statue of Zhu Qing. Linjiang Xianyin. Ode to eggplant: "The purple melon on the dragon is good, and the scar is thick and low." Take advantage of the sunrise, drink some wine, ice spring. Mulberry edge, look at the long pedicle scissors, the base is full of smooth leaves. Blue army ape-man, Niuxiaomiao, Red Horse and Wuzhou. Before the banquet, I was not familiar with Shunk, and I was at a loss at the urging of rhinoceros. Laugh a thousand pangwansu, Xu Pei shows it. Cicada Juan, who loves light dyeing, is more fragrant than flowers. When I have nothing to do, I write about vegetables at home and add a new cicada from Fluttershy. "
Qing Ye is mysterious. Tanfloxacin Eggplant: "Wei Kun is amazing and famous in the Soviet Union. Five eggplants have long known. Since the topic is purple swelling, how much has the food item been reduced Good preserved fruit is bad and wonderful, and gluttonous people like it with me. Recall and talk clearly. I am ashamed that the meat is out of tune. "
Folklore: A story is recorded in Laughter in the Woods. A restaurant gentleman was fed pickles three times a day by his master, but many fat and tender eggplants in Dongjiayuan were not given to him once. After a long time, he was really tired of eating pickles, and he could not bear to part with it. Finally, he wrote a poem and said; "The host's eggplant is rotten all over the garden, and Mr. Wang is not allowed to provide a meal." Since then, I don't want to eat eggplant every day, and even the shadow of pickles is gone. The gentleman was afraid of eating, and he couldn't tell how bitter he was, so he had to beg for mercy. "I didn't expect that it was easier to provoke an eggplant in the end." It can be seen that although eggplant looks good, it tastes ordinary, so in the cooking process of eggplant, it is very particular about technology.
Eggplant disease
Verticillium wilt of eggplant
Pathogenic characteristics:
Verticillium wilt of eggplant will occur soon after planting, and it will occur early and seriously when planting at low temperature, but the disease area is the largest and the disease is the most serious after fruit setting. At the early stage of the disease, the leaf margin and veins in the lower part of the plant near the petiole turn yellow, and then gradually develop into half or whole leaves, with the leaf margin slightly curled upward, and sometimes the disease spots are limited to half leaves, causing the leaves to twist. Early-onset eggplant wilts, which can be recovered sooner or later or after rain. The back leaves turn brown, the whole plant wilts, leaves fall off and the whole plant dies. In severe cases, the whole leaf often withers, turns yellow and dies. Most of them are the whole plant, and a few have some disease-free healthy branches. At onset: it develops gradually from the lower part of the plant, and leaves of the whole plant fall off in severe cases. The diseased plant is short, the plant shape is not stretched, the fruit is small, and the long fruit is sometimes bent. When the rhizome is cut longitudinally, it can be seen that the xylem vascular bundles are discolored and yellow-brown or brown.
Law of occurrence:
Verticillium wilt of eggplant is caused by fungal infection. Pathogens overwinter in the soil as dormant hyphae, chlamydospores and micro-sclerotia, which become the primary source of infection in the following year. Germs spread from people, livestock and farm tools to disease-free fields through fertilizers mixed with sick and disabled bodies, soil with bacteria and solanaceae weeds. In the second year, the pathogen invaded from the wound of the root or directly from the epidermis and root hair of the young root, then propagated in the vascular bundle and spread to the branches and leaves. The disease did not recur that year. The optimum onset temperature was 19℃ ~ 24℃, and the mycelium and sclerotia died at 6℃ 10 minutes later. Generally, the temperature is low, and the root wound heals slowly during planting, which is conducive to the invasion of bacteria; Low-lying land, application of immature organic fertilizer, improper irrigation, serious diseases in continuous cropping land.
Prevention and control methods:
(1) Continuous cropping with non-Solanaceae or Cucurbita crops for 3-4 years;
(2) selecting disease-free seeds and disease-resistant varieties; Apply enough decomposed organic fertilizer;
(3) Remove the diseased plants in time, bury or burn them, and infuse liquid medicine into the rhizosphere soil for disinfection and sterilization.
(4) Seed disinfection: the seeds are pre-soaked in cold water for 3-4 hours, then soaked in warm water at 55℃ for 65,438+/-0.5 minutes, and dried in the shade for later use.
(5) Chemical control method: apply pesticides when planting: soak the roots of eggplant seedlings with 1 mycorrhizal solution 1000 times when planting, and water the roots with this solution after planting, each plant is 250 ml. 500-fold solution of 70% Pinus elliottii wettable powder, every 10 ~ 15 days, 500 ml per plant, continuously poured for 2 ~ 3 times.
Bacterial leaf spot of eggplant
Pathogenic characteristics:
The disease mainly harms leaves, and the lesions mostly start from the leaf edge and spread inward along the veins from the leaf edge. The lesions are irregular in shape, and some look like lightning or branches of rivers, light brown to brown. The symptoms of the affected part are not obvious, and the spot surface has a sticky feeling before the dew is dry.
Law of occurrence:
The pathogen of this disease overwinters in the soil, and its mycelium is left by the diseased residue, which is spread by rain splashing and invades from puddles or wounds to cause the disease. Warm and humid weather and poor ventilation are conducive to infection.
Prevention and control methods:
(1) has been rotated with solanaceae vegetables for more than 3 years. The seeds are treated with hot water at 78-85℃.
(2) Select sterile seeds and disinfect them.
(3) Disinfect the greenhouse and soil.
(4) Implement omni-directional plastic film mulching to prevent excessive watering and timely ventilation and dehumidification.
(5) chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% 1000 times of Julia leaf wettable powder can be sprayed every 7- 10 days/time.