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In the Qing Dynasty, the construction system was divided into two institutions. One was the "Yangxin Hall Construction Office" dedicated to palace expenses, and the other was located in The "Building Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs" on the north side of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is also known as the "Craftsmanship Office".
Yangxin Hall Construction Office
It is located in the Yangxin Hall in the Forbidden City. Later it set up a branch in the Old Summer Palace. In the 30th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, due to the rapid increase in the needs of the palace, it was added to the Imperial Palace. The tea and dining room of Cining Palace in Menxi was converted into a manufacturing office, and later the Baihu Palace in the back room was added as a workshop for the manufacturing office (see the "Current Rules and Regulations of the Imperial Palace of Internal Affairs" and "Current Regulations of the Imperial Palace of Internal Affairs" For example, "Yuanmingyuan Volume". It was an institution that specialized in manufacturing various utensils, daily necessities, and works of art needed by the emperor.
The people and eunuchs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at that time nicknamed it "The Beating Department", which means that everything is here. He is a top-notch skilled craftsman, but craftsmen who are not very skilled and have weak hands and brains cannot come here to work as errands, and they will only get beaten.
The manufacturing office of Yangxin Hall gathers the best in the country. With its artistic and technical personnel, the craftsmen here created the highest level of Chinese craftsmanship at that time, and countless national treasure-level handicrafts were made by them.
The functions of the Yangxin Hall Manufacturing Office mainly fall into three categories.
1. Original creations required by the royal family, such as jade carvings, goldware, palace paintings, etc.;
2. The development of royal supplies, such as most royal expenses, including supplies used by the prince. Clothing, supplies, etc. are determined at the Yangxin Hall Manufacturing Office, and even samples are made, and then sent to the corresponding government agencies for production;
3. Research and development of advanced technology, Kangxi At that time, the Yangxin Hall Manufacturing Office not only gathered the best craftsmen in the country, but also introduced a large number of Western artists. Famous people such as Lang Shining participated in such research and development work as court painters. Many of the pinnacle craftsmanship handed down from generation to generation, such as true yellow porcelain, three-glazed porcelain (true red, true yellow, and shadow green), and royal glaze ware, were all created in the Yangxin Hall.
The House of Internal Affairs. Manufacturing Office
The imperial court had a Manufacturing Office under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, located on the north side of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. According to records: At its peak, the Manufacturing Office had 42 workshops, each of which was located across the country. These skilled craftsmen covered almost every aspect of the imperial court's daily life, from food, clothing, to everything, even leisure and furnishings. At that time, the people called this building "Baigongfang". /p>
The functions of the Manufacturing Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs also fall into three categories
1. The production of small batches of imperial utensils. Due to the limited number of uses and small scale, these works are often used to nourish the mind. After the design and development is completed by the Palace Building Office, it will be handed over to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for production nearby.
2. The development of non-standard ware. Ancient royal supplies are divided into two types: standard ware and non-standard ware. Take the dragon as an example. The emperor uses a five-clawed golden dragon, the prince uses a four-clawed dragon, and the people can only use a clawless dragon (the claws are hidden in the clouds and water). These must strictly correspond to the "Car and Uniform System", and mistakes will be made. Serious crimes; relatively non-standard utensils have a much wider range of themes, including flowers, birds, insects, fish, and landscapes and rare objects. These utensils can be said to be used by both the government and the people. Many of them can be purchased from the private sector, but if they need to be sophisticated, they will be developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. < /p>
3. Daily procurement and supervision of production. However, when large-scale royal ceremonial expenses are encountered, the emperor usually appoints an important minister to supervise the construction office in conjunction with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. For example, Tongzhi's wedding was personally organized by Prince Gong Yi?, the "auxiliary king" and "prime minister of the cabinet" at that time.