In the early Qing dynasty, the palace was the most prosperous. According to "History of Palace in Zhou Dynasty" and "History of Palace in Zhou Dynasty", there are hundreds of kinds of inscriptions, most of which were engraved in Qianlong period. Among them, there are a series of calligraphy posts by famous calligraphers of past dynasties, more personal posts by Kangxi Qianlong, and a large number of couplets.
In the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), the Qing court carved a series of 1 posts, namely "Fa Tie in Maoqintang", which was selected from the ink and old rubbings hidden in the early Qing Dynasty. "Fa Tie of Yuan Jianzhai" and "Fa Tie of Summer Resort" are both printed with words written by Kangxi himself or copied by calligraphers. In the early years of Qianlong, he carved the commandments, poems and the names of various schools written by Yongzheng into "Langyin Pavilion Fa Tie" and "Siyitang Fa Tie". After these posts are engraved, they are stored in the palace and rarely circulated and spread among the people, so not many people know. The Palace Museum has original stones and rubbings. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong (176 1), Qianlong copied his own poems and classics, copied the names of ancient calligraphers, and carved them into "Sticking to a Quiet Life and Fasting Method", with a total of 40 volumes. The original stone is now embedded in the two corridors of Le Shou Tang and Yi He Xuan in the Forbidden City. Qianlong also ordered the court ministers to compile Zhang Zhao's famous poems and calligraphy into a 10 volume of "Tian Ping Zhaifatie". Shi Qing Zhai Fa Tie edited for Wang Youdun and carved into 10 volume; Carve Ai Qing Tang Tie for Liu Yong and others. The most famous calligraphy post in Qianlong period was "Sanxi Hall calligraphy post". In addition, it is a famous Mo Miao Fa Xuan tie, and Lantingba Zhu Tiehe re-carved Chunhuating tie. After Qianlong, the court engraving gradually decreased.
Folk prints in the Qing Dynasty were also very popular. In the early Qing Dynasty, most of the folk inscriptions were collected from celebrity calligraphy. For example, Bian Yongyu's Fa Tie, a Style Ancient Hall, and Chen Chunyong's Xiucan Tie Xuan were published from the late Ming Dynasty until the Qing Dynasty. Fa Tie in Zhisi Hall, Hanxiang Hall and Qiubi Hall were all carved in the Kangxi period. Bian Yongyu and Liang Qingbiao are both famous collectors in the early Qing Dynasty, and their seal cutting is first-class in both identification and seal cutting. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the most famous calligraphy posts were the "Imitation Mountain Garden Book Post" for Wang Duo's calligraphy and the "Taiyuan Duan Post" for Fu Shan's calligraphy.
In the middle and late Qing dynasty, the style of engraving posts was more popular. The Confucius House in Qufu is engraved with Jade Rainbow Loutie, Jade Rainbow Jian Zhen Tie, Jade Rainbow Jian Zhen Continued Tie, Ancient Antique Tie and National Celebrities Tie. His son, Kong Guanglian, also loved engraving, and collected all the engravings of the Kong family, with a volume of 10 1, which was named "The Hundred Posts of Kong". Qian Yong, a prominent person in Jiaqing (now Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province), is famous for his calligraphy and loves to engrave posts. He carved dozens of posts and a lot of inscriptions and epitaphs in his life. According to Luyuan Conghua, there are more than 20 kinds of Jing Xun Tang Tie, Jin Bao Zhai Fa Tie, Ai Qing Tang Tie, Wei Zhai Qing Tie, Xie Jing Tang Tie, Qin You Tie, Tang Wenjing Tie and Xing Wu Tie. In Nanhai (now Foshan City, Guangdong Province), Ye Menglong carved a friend's stone Zhai post, and the wind filled the floor. Wu Rongguang, a stele engraver, has inscribed "Yunqing Pavilion Post" and "Yuelu Academy Post". Shexian County (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) has packages and leaves with Gengxia Pavilion. These are all famous legal posts at that time. After Daoguang, Pan Shicheng carved the postscript of Haishan Fairy Pavilion, Pan carved the postscript of Tinglou, and Wu Baoheng carved the original postscript of Nanxuezhai. During Guangxu period (1875 ~ 1908), Kong Guangtao carved Jian Zhen's calligraphy in Xuelou, Lu Xinyuan carved the calligraphy of famous people of all ages in Liyuan, and Yang Shoujing carved the calligraphy of Lin Suyuan. The style of engraving posts was very popular in Qing dynasty, with more types and quantities than the previous generation. These are well-known and popular legal positions.
Influential legal positions The influential legal positions in Qing Dynasty are as follows:
From the second year to the sixth year of Kangxi, Bian Yongyu of Changbai (now Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province) collected an anthology of famous calligraphers in Wei, Jin, Song and Yuan Dynasties, which was engraved by Huang Yuan and Liu Guangmin, with a volume of *** 10. The post is called official script, which is not listed in the volume. The post didn't engrave Bian Yong's reputation, it was engraved by Huang Yuan.
"Han Xiang Guan Tie" In the fourteenth year of Kangxi, Liu Guangyi of Wanling (now Dingcheng County, Anhui Province) collected Wei Jin Yuan Ming's calligraphy and compiled it into 10 volume, with two volumes of Yu Shiying's book attached. At the end of the volume, there are three lines of official script, engraved with "this stone was placed in the spring of the fourteenth year of Kangxi, and was placed in the Han Xiangge of the Liu family in Wanling". The attached volume is an inscription by Chen Jiru.
In the 29th year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi took old rubbings and celebrity Mo Bao from the Imperial Palace, and ordered his subordinates to revise them and put them on stone tablets. From Daomi in Ming Dynasty, 24 volumes were engraved with 65,438+042 families and 534 calligraphy of emperors and celebrities. The beginning of each volume is engraved with the title and the second place of the seal script post. At the end of the volume, there are two lines of official script: "Imperial edict on April 16th, the 29th year of Kangxi".
The monk Tang Tie has no engraved year, and it is indeed recognized that Liang Qingbiao (now south of Zhengding County, Hebei Province) made it with an ink collection collected by his family. From Lu Ji in the Western Jin Dynasty to Zhao Meng in the Yuan Dynasty, it is compiled into eight volumes, all of which are masterpieces. This post was engraved by You Yongfu of Jinling (now Nanjing). Liang Qingbiao was a collector in the early Qing Dynasty. His calligraphy was excellent and he copied well. But the pillar was not carved into the first piece of the beam, and the stone was placed under the porch. Later, Jin Deying discovered it, washed it and expanded it.
In the twelfth year of Sanxi Hall, Emperor Qianlong ordered Shang Shuliang, Jiang Pu, and Wang Youdun, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, to collect some works of famous calligraphers in past dynasties. Carved by Zhang Song, Koukou, Gore, Jiao Lin and others. There are three rare pieces in the post, namely Wang Xizhi's Quick Snow Clear Post, Wang Xizhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Wang's Yuan Bo Post, all of which are collected in Sanxitang, hall of mental cultivation, hence the name "Sanxitang Fa Post". Each law post * * * collected more than 300 works by 35 people in Wei, Jin and late Ming dynasties, including more than 200 inscriptions, divided into 32 volumes and 500 carved stones. Because they are all carved with ink and stone, they are highly valued by future generations. The original stone is embedded in the wall of the Drum Tower in Beijing Beihai Park. I trimmed it once and added lace when I was in the light. The original rubbings are rarely circulated.
Twenty years after the engraving of Sanxitang Fatie, Gan Long ordered Jiang Pu, Wang Youdun, Ji Huang, Qiu Yuexiu and Yu Minzhong to compile four volumes of Mo Miao Xuanfatie, and thought that Sanxitang Fatie was a continuation of Sanxitang Fatie. More than 30 kinds of calligraphy works collected by Chu Suiliang in Tang Dynasty were all carved by Jiao Guotai. Two walls of Mo Miao Xuan in Huishan Garden of Wanshou Mountain are inlaid with pillars. The original stone has now been lost.
Postscript of Lanting Eight Columns, published for forty-four years. Qianlong used the ink of Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Poem, Liu Gongquan's Lanting Poem and Xihongtang Post to engrave the original of Liu Gongquan's Lanting Poem, while Yu Minzhong supplemented Xihongtang Post to engrave the missing part of Liu Gongquan's Lanting Poem, and Dong Qichang imitated Liu Gongquan's book. The eight-column volume of the First Ming is divided into eight volumes, each of which has the title of official script and the second title. Ishihara built Yuanmingyuan, and moved from Yuanmingyuan site to Beijing Zhongshan Park in 19 17, and built a pavilion for protection. The original rubbings are rarely circulated.
During the Qianlong period of Yu Hong Jian Zhen Tie, Qufu Kong Jiyang collected 73 famous people's 2 1 posts from Wang Xizhi in Jin Dynasty to Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty, and compiled them into 13 volumes. Post name seal script. Yu Hong Jian Zhen's Continued Postings (13) is a collection of calligraphy written by Li Bai to Wang Duo in the early Qing Dynasty.
Antique in ancient times is a collection of Kong's works, ranging from Huashan Monument in Han Dynasty to Qunyutang in Song Dynasty, and from Zhong You to Zhao Mengfu. Because of the inscription of predecessors, it is called "antique staff". This post has 20 volumes. In addition, there are 9 volumes of Yu Honglou Post and 12 volumes of Guo Chao Celebrity Fa Tie.
Yuhonglou (Zhang) and other Yuhonglou (volume 12), Yinghai Xianbantie (Zhang) 10, Yuhonglou Stone Carvings (Zhang Zhao, Kong) and Yin Tie (Kong).
In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, Bi Yuan compiled the ink collected by his Zhai from Bi Yu into Jin Zhiming *** 12 Volume, which was engraved by Hekong respectively. The name of the post is official script, and the table of contents is printed on the front board.
In the seventeenth year of Jiaqing (18 12), the small secret cabinet posts were copied by editors, and there were 1 1 volume of calligraphy from different schools in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, 1 volume of foreign calligraphy from Japan and South Korea, and *** 12 volume. There was no post name before, and it was later returned to Shen Shi, Yun Jian (now Songjiang County), also known as "Xing Wu Shushu Cangtie". Qian Yong Moore Fa Tie also has eight volumes of Scriptures, which were engraved in the 20th year of Jiaqing, and collected famous calligraphy from Zhong You to Fan Chengda.
In the tenth year of Daoguang (1830), Ye Menglong of Nanhai took all kinds of legalist classics of Qing Dynasty, sorted and integrated them into six volumes, and Gao Yao (now Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province) copied Chen □ Zhao. The name of the post is several seal scripts, with a list of official scripts in front and Ye Menglong's postscript behind.
Ten Years of Daoguang in Yunqing Pavilion and Wu Rongguang in Nanhai were selected by Song Tuo and Mo from their own books. From Jin to Yuan, it is divided into six volumes. Before the Tang Dynasty, people's calligraphy was mostly taken from "Jiang Tie" and "Qun Yu Tang Tie". After the Song Dynasty, people's calligraphy was mostly taken from ink, which was sealed by Liang Zhizhai and Guo Ziyao. Critics believe that this post is far better than all the posts engraved in Guangdong and has a great influence.
From the ninth year of Daoguang to the twenty-seventh year, Pan Shicheng of Panyu (now Panyu County, Guangdong Province) selected calligraphy from various schools since the Tang and Song Dynasties and compiled it into 16 volumes. Post name official script. Pan Shicheng was followed by the True Continuation of Haishan Fairy Collection 16, The True Three Carvings of Haishan Fairy Collection 14, Antique of Haishan Fairy Pavilion 12, Notes on Haishan Fairy Pavilion 1 6, and Mo Bao, the Four Masters of Song Dynasty.
From the 21st year of Daoguang to the 2nd year of Xianfeng, Nanxuezhai (1852) was edited by Wu Baoheng from Nanhai, Guangdong Province, divided into volumes from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty 12, and engraved by Guo Ziyao, Qu Yuanxiang and Liang Tianxi, with the title of seal script.
In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Yang Shoujing, a native of Yidu (now Yidu County, Hubei Province), compiled this book. The calligraphy of famous calligraphers in Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties was compiled into 8 volumes (the eighth volume was Japanese calligraphy). The titles of seal script at the beginning of each volume are in no order, because they are hit with stones one after another, not in chronological order. This post is mostly a reprint of ancient famous posts.