Shoujiataimen is the residence of Mr. Shou Jason Wu, Mr. Lu Xun's teacher. Shou (1849- 1930) is a learned man. He has a good character and is honest and frank. He hated fame all his life. He stopped taking the exam after he was admitted as a scholar. His occupation is to sit in the library and teach students all his life. Lu Xun praised him as "a founder, simple and knowledgeable person in this city". Shoujiataimen was purchased by Shou's grandfather Feng Langong during Jiaqing period, with a total construction area of 795 square meters. It faces a small river, connected by a stone bridge, and there is a bamboo garden in the west. The whole building faces Zhoujiataimen across the river, and the world-famous three pools reflecting the moon are in the east wing of Shoujiataimen.
At the first entrance, the entrance of Taiwan Province Gate, a plaque of "Wen Kui" hangs above the hidden door. This plaque was hung by Shouzi, a scholar in the second year of Guangxu (1876) and the younger brother of Lu Xun's teacher Shou. This plaque is used to brighten the lintel, indicating that the Shoujia family is a juren and a scholarly family.
On the west side of the first entrance door, opposite the patio, there is a small bamboo garden. The north wing of the bamboo garden is now decorated as "Sanyu Bookstore", which is the original name of Sanyu Bookstore, and the layout of Sanyu Bookstore is modeled after "Sanyan Yinyue". Visitors can sit in this simulated bookstore and experience the life of private schools or take photos.
The second entrance is called the gathering place in front of the lobby. Every ancestor died, and the distinguished guests came here. There is a plaque of "Sirentang" hanging on his forehead. On the pillar of the hall, there is a couplet carved with light green wood, which reads: "Celebrate Mount Tai and Qiao Yue, let your heart flow". On the golden pillar behind, there is a praise for Lu Xun's schoolmate Shou's virtue and speech: "Virtue sees virtue, and proverbs are virtuous."
Through the patio, that is, the third floor, here is the original exhibition hall, study and Mr. Shou's bedroom.
In front of the small hall is a place to receive friends and relatives. On the forehead of the retreat screen, there is a plaque of "revisiting the dish water". This plaque was given by Shoushou's nephew Shoushou to celebrate his 60th birthday, that is, 1928, the year before his death. Mr. Lu Xun is full of sincere love and respect for Mr. Shou and has been writing to Mr. Shou since he left Shaoxing. 1906, Lu Xun returned to Shaoxing to meet his teacher and tell him what he saw and heard outside. At that time, Mr. Shou Jason Wu received him here.
Mr. Shou's study is a typical study layout of a teacher's home, equipped with special bookcases, ordinary bookcases and stationery for the study of Twenty-four History. The plaque of "Sanyuzhai" is hung on the forehead of the room. The meaning of "Sanyuzhai" is taken from Pei Songzhi's note in the History of the Three Kingdoms, that is, Dong Yu of Ren Wei said: "Take Sanyuzhai as the study, winter will go late, and the rain will clear up." This means that people should study hard in all their spare time.
In Mr. Shou's bedroom, there are shelf beds, wardrobes, boxes, wooden recliners, clothes hangers, washstands and other items. Because Mr. Shou Jason Wu's teaching is very strict, he only accepts eight students every year, and thinks that he is not teaching enough, so his teaching income is very limited. Therefore, the bedroom decoration we see now exceeds the actual living conditions of Mr. Shou Jason Wu at that time, but he actually leads a more frugal and simple life.
From the third entrance to the east, it is the east wing of Shoujiataimen, which is divided into south and north parts. The South Wing now displays the ancient educational history of Shaoxing, a famous historical and cultural city, which is divided into three parts: Yuezhongfu School, Yue Zhong Academy and Yue Zhong School. The northern wing is San Tan Ying Yue, which is Mr. Lu Xun's reading room.
Speaking of Mr. Lu Xun, I will think of my ancestors, my grandmother's great-grandfather, and Mr. Shou Lao, the first teacher of Mr. Lu Xun, who started the "Three Tans Reflecting the Moon".
San Tan Yin Yue was a famous private school in Shaoxing at that time. Mr. Lu Xun studied here when he was a child. Generally speaking, the explanation of "three pools printing the moon" is to vividly compare the taste of reading poems, books, hundreds of ancient books, and Mr. Sun Shouyu, the grandson of an old man, said in the article: "I heard the meaning of explaining three pools printing the moon from my grandfather Shou more than once. Grandfather's explanation of the meaning of' three pools printing the moon' is' warm clothes, fragrant roots and long poems'. "Old Mr. Shou Jason Wu said:" Buyi is a common people, and "Warm Clothes" would rather be a common people than an official. Vegetable root fragrance' is satisfied with simple food, not envious or yearning for the enjoyment of delicacies; Poetry has a long taste' means to understand the profound content of poetry carefully, so as to get a profound taste. "It is said that this was personally drafted by Shou Shou, the father of an old man, so that future generations can seriously understand and practice it.
Shou Jason Wu is an old gentleman. He faithfully abides by his father's instructions and is determined not to be an official. He also opposed and prohibited his son from being an official. He refused to let his youngest son take the exam, and even locked him upstairs. Every meal was delivered. As a result, his youngest son tied the window door with hemp rope and escaped from the building. Finally, I went to Beijing, got the first place in Korean, and became the magistrate of Nong 'an County, Jilin Province. The old man who kept Jason Wu called him unfilial and scolded him for a long time. Wuyue is probably a land of mountains and rivers, a land of rice. If the scholar has some small industries in his family, it is not difficult for him to be an official. Coupled with the political chaos in the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Shou Lao hated the corruption in the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty, and thought that he should never be an official in troubled times, even if he was an official, he would be a faint official. At that time, this recluse attitude was commendable, and the name of "three pools and one moon" showed the integrity and kindness of the old gentleman. This will probably have no effect on his students, such as Mr. Lu Xun, who later became an anti-feudal warrior!
[Edit this paragraph] What are the "three flavors"
1. There are two ancient sayings: one is to compare the feelings of predecessors on reading, "Reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like vegetables, and reading a hundred flavors like sugar", and the three experiences are collectively called "three flavors"; The second is that the "three flavors" come from Li Shu's "Handan Bibliography" in the Song Dynasty: "The taste of poetry and books is too strong, and the history is broken, which is the three flavors." This is to compare poetry, history and other books to food and to good spiritual food. Third, Mr. Shou Jason Wu's ancestral motto: Warm clothes and fragrant vegetables make reading taste long. Later, it became the motto of three pools and one moon.
2. There are a pair of hugs on the pillars on both sides of the "Three Ponds Printing on the Moon" where Lu Xun studied, which read: "I am silent and filial, and the taste of too much soup is poetry", which shows that this is the proper meaning of the "three flavors" in "Three Ponds Printing on the Moon". The third is to borrow Buddhist language. Samadhi is a transliteration of Sanskrit Samadhi, which originally refers to the three realms of reading Buddhist scriptures and understanding the meaning of the scriptures: one is "determination", the other is "acceptance" and the third is "equal holding", which means to stop distracting thoughts before reciting, so as to make the mind stable and focused; The attitude of understanding Confucian classics must be correct, and there must be all kinds of respect and piety; In the process of learning, you should concentrate on it and keep a consistent spirit. With the integration of Buddhist thought and Chinese culture, "Samadhi" gradually extended to a summary of the essential spiritual meaning of things, and some expressions such as "Samadhi" and "Samadhi" appeared to describe the accuracy and profundity of knowledge.
3. San Tan Yin Yue: It is a famous private school in Shaoxing in the late Qing Dynasty. Mr. Lu Xun studied here at the age of 12, and studied under Mr. Shou. San Tan Yin Yue, the small living room between three long rooms, was originally the study of Shou Jia. Mr. Shou Jason Wu has been teaching here for 60 years. The flavor of "three pools printing the moon": The "three pools printing the moon" mentioned by Mr. Lu Xun in his famous article "From a Hundred Herbs Garden to a Three Pool Printing the Moon" is near the former residence of Mr. Lu Xun in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, where Mr. Lu Xun studied as a teenager. So, why is it called "three pools printing the moon"? It turns out that the "three flavors" come from the old saying that "reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like Yao biography, and reading a hundred flavors like acyl sugar". Reading four books and five classics is the basis of eating rice and flour; Reading Historical Records tastes like drinking wine and eating delicious food: reading books like "A Hundred Schools of Thought contend" tastes like soy sauce and vinegar (like seasoning for cooking). The plaque of "Three Tans Printing the Moon" was written by Liang Shanzhou, a famous calligrapher in Ganjia period of Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was such a woodcut couplet hanging on both sides of the plaque: "I am silent and filial, and I love reading too much."
Some people say that the "three flavors" originated from Li Shu's bibliography. Li Shu said: "Poetry, calligraphy and painting are too thick soup, history is miscellaneous, and children are acyl sugar, which is the three flavors of books." Shouyu did not agree with this.
5. Shouyu's uncle Shouzhulin explained: "Three flavors vividly compare the taste of reading ancient books such as poetry and a hundred schools of thought contend to three flavors. When I was a child, I listened to my father and brother. Reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like vegetables, and reading hundreds tastes like acyl sugar. But where this code comes from is hard to find. " This theory has a great influence, and Lu Xun's third brother Zhou also tends to this theory. However, Shouyu still disagreed. He said: "This explanation played down the spirit of ancestors' resistance to the Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, my grandfather Shou Jason Wu personally told me that the three flavors are warm clothes, delicious food and long poems. Cloth refers to ordinary people, and "warm cloth" refers to being ordinary people, not being an official or a master; Vegetable root fragrance' is satisfied with simple food, but does not yearn for the enjoyment of delicacies; Poetry has a long flavor' means to understand the profound content of poetry carefully, so as to obtain a profound and long flavor. This first point,' warm clothes', is very important. This is the ideological core of my ancestors Feng Lan Gong and Gong. The failure of industry made them see the decadent nature of the Qing Dynasty. They think that being an official in the Qing dynasty, harming the country and the people, is to harm others and harm themselves. Therefore, the direction of running a school is also regarded as the life guide of his descendants, and his descendants are not allowed to take the exam to be an official. They should be willing to be warm in clothes, fragrant in vegetables and taste poetry. " Shou Yu said that Shou Jason Wu told him before his death: "The meaning of these three flavors can't be told to outsiders, let alone seen in words. This is the family rule set by the ancestor Qiao Yun, because the spirit of' Sanwei' has obvious anti-Qing tendency, and once it is circulated, it may lead to fatal disaster. " This is also the main reason for people's subjective speculation.
[Edit this paragraph] The history of three pools printing on the moon
San Tan Yin Yue is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his childhood. He goes to school here, 12 years old. After the autumn of the following year, due to his grandfather's imprisonment, young Lu Xun left home to take refuge in the rural areas of Shaoxing-Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaopu, and his studies were interrupted. 1894 went home in summer, and still returned to Santan to reflect the moon. So it was not until around 1898 that I left and went to Nanjing Naval Academy to study for six years. ...
Everything here is very well preserved, as Mr. Lu Xun recalled: "Go through a black bamboo door, the third room is the study, and there is a plaque hanging in the middle: Three pools print the moon; Below the plaque is a photo of a fat sika deer squatting under an old tree. " This plaque and painting were lost before liberation, and party cadres tried their best to get them back after liberation. In those days, students studying Lu Xun were still alive in the early days of liberation, including Zhou Meiqing, Zhang Xiangyao and Wang Fulin. According to the memories of these three old classmates, the three pools reflect the moon back to the original arrangement. In the room, it seems to be an old-fashioned living room in China, which is very strange to teenagers nowadays. Student seat 1 1. Lu Xun's seat is arranged by the north wall. It's a rectangular table with drawers and a slightly lower chair behind it. It's dark here, and the air looks damp. In the right corner of his desk, the word "made" is engraved one inch square. Knife is simple and straight. It is an extremely precious woodcut cultural relic hand-carved by Lu Xun in his childhood. As for its origin, it is said that one day, Lu Xun was late for school and was scolded by his teacher. He carved the word "early" with a knife to urge and remind himself not to be late. Since then, he has never been late again.
[Edit this paragraph] Lu Xun and San Tan Yin Yue
We often talk about Lu Xun's courage, determination and profundity in criticizing traditional culture. Although Mr. Lu Xun was influenced by many western countries, he was not a man who grew up in the west. Before accepting western influence, he had lived in China's traditional culture for more than ten years. We can't understand Mr. Lu Xun too modernized. The opening of the May 4th Movement enabled China people to know the West to the greatest extent, but the May 4th Movement was also an era close to traditional culture. Before the operating table to save China people's bad habits, the disharmony between western knives and China's stomach was also deeply reflected in Mr. Lu Xun's works and all his contradictions, including hope and despair. We should not only read a kind of confidence from his fighting, but also read a kind of China spirit from his trembling.
Tradition is a chain, not bound in people's hearts, but in the depths of blood. I can't help asking what kind of person Mr. Lu Xun's first teacher is and what kind of people his compatriots are: can't Mr. Lu Xun's sharp essays, poems, books, rituals and music be heard at all? For me, the similarity between Lu Xun's essays and Confucius and Mencius' classics lies not in the beauty of words and superb rhetoric, but in a spiritual coincidence. All the traditional culture and education I accepted did not hinder me from accepting Lu Xun at all, which made me closer to him rather than farther away. Mr. Shouning wrote: "Every year before the Spring Festival, Lu Xun always writes a New Year greeting letter to my grandfather on eight lines of red letterhead, all of which are respectful and tall and straight small characters, starting with' According to my master's letter, to my teacher' and ending with' Please be safe' and' Zhou Shuren's bow is full of thanks'." Mr. Lu Xun hated the feudal ethics of cannibalism, but he showed respect for specific traditional morality here. I feel that Mr. Lu Xun's attack on traditional culture and traditional morality is largely due to the needs of the times. If Lu Xun were alive today, he might shout for the traditional spirit.