1, the change of the civil fort took place in the 14th year of Ming dynasty (1449), and Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen led 200,000 elite troops to the north to conquer Walla and was captured.
At that time, the capital's 200,000 elite had fallen into the civil fort, leaving less than100,000 old and weak soldiers. Yu Qian urged Wang Xi to send troops to Beijing and Henan for training, and the Japanese troops to the coastal areas of Shandong and Ningxia, and the grain transport troops from Jiangbei and Beijing came to rescue. People gradually decided to send Yingzong back first and ask the city guards to open the door. Yu Qian and other ministers made Wang Xi emperor privately, and personally refused to defend the city, sending Yingzong back to Beijing first.
2. The change of Geng Xu was an invasion of the Ming Dynasty by Mongols during the Sejong period of the Ming Dynasty.
In the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), in June, Anda, the leader of Tumote Department of Tatar, led the army to commit Datong, and the company commander Zhang Da and the deputy company commander Lin Chun were both killed. Because of bribing Yan Song's son Yan Shifan, Qiu Luan, the company commander of Xuanda University, was afraid of having nothing to do, so he bribed Anda with a large sum of money to stop him and stop Datong. In August, Anda marched eastward and entered Gubeikou on August 14, killing and plundering countless officials and people in Huairou and Shunyi. When the Ming army collapsed, Anda marched into the mainland, camped in Gushan (now northeast of Tongzhou) and Rukou, 20 miles east of Luhe, and the capital was under martial law.
I suddenly Enemy at the Gates, terrified, at a loss. At that time, the number of soldiers in the capital was empty. The imperial army was only 40,000 to 50,000, half of them were old and weak, and half were servants of the prefect's family at home and abroad. Moreover, it lacks combat equipment and its combat effectiveness is very poor. Yan Song also asked the generals not to fight and let Anda soldiers plunder outside the city. At this time, Anda soldiers marched northwest from Baihe to Lushui. From 19 to Dongzhimen. On February1day, houses in Deshengmen and Andingmen North were destroyed.
On August 22nd, the Imperial Mausoleum was attacked by Gonghuacheng (in Changping County), sweeping the west of Xishan and Liangxiang, and Baoding was shocked.
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After the change of Minbao, the elite troops of the Ming Dynasty were completely lost, which inevitably led to major changes in related policies and systems, especially the border defense situation and military system. Although Emperor Jingtai carried out reforms, he still failed to reach the peak of the Ming Dynasty. The frontier defense policy changed from active attack to passive defense, and finally formed the famous nine-sided defense system. The military system is the rise of the recruitment system.
The change of Geng Xu made the Ming government reluctantly agree to the "Tonggong Trade", but the actual implementation was delayed again and again, and the horse market was opened in Datong the following year (155 1). However, after all, the ice has been broken, and the benefits of mutual trade have gradually been recognized by the Ming dynasty ruling group. Therefore, when 1570, the grandson of Anda of the Ming Dynasty left Hannaji, this accidental event contributed to the normalization of trade between Mongolia and the Ming Dynasty. Since then, this double-sided stage has begun another prosperous period since the destruction of Fengzhou City.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Changes of Civil Fort
Baidu Encyclopedia-Changes in Geng Xu