What is the nail-free wooden structure of ancient Buddhist temples in China? In which dynasty was this temple built? Is there any historical reconstruction?

It is Dule Temple in Jixian County, Tianjin, and it is also a big Buddhist temple! According to documents, Dule Temple was built in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and rebuilt in 984 AD in the second year of Liao Dynasty by Han Kuangsi, a native of Jizhou. It has a history of 1000 years, and is one of the oldest and largest existing lattice wood structures in China. When talking about the value of Dule Temple, Luo, head of the National Cultural Heritage Administration Ancient Architecture Expert Group and president of the National Cultural Relics Society, said: We say that cultural relics have three values, one is historical value, the other is artistic value, and the third is scientific value. Buddhism Online July 1 News According to Phoenix. com, Dule Temple is located at the south foot of Yanshan Mountain, the west gate of Jixian County, Tianjin. The name of the temple is An Lushan's rebellion against the Tang Dynasty here, thinking of enjoying himself alone and not for the people, hence the name; According to legend, there is unique music water in the northwest of the temple, hence the name. According to legend, it was built in the tenth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (636), supervised by Weichi Gong, and then destroyed. In the second year of Liao Dynasty (984), Lu Ye, king of Qin, rebuilt Nuwa. Since then, it has been repaired and expanded many times, especially in the Ming Wanli, Qing Shunzhi, Qianlong and Guangxu periods and after 1949, and the project scale is relatively large. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1753), a wall was built in front of the temple and a palace was built next to it. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Because there is a statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva in the temple, it is also called "Big Buddha Temple". The mountain gate and Guanyin Pavilion of Dule Temple were built in Liao Dynasty, while others were built in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The layout and structure are quite strange. The whole temple building is divided into three parts: east, middle and west. The east and west are the monk's room and the palace respectively, and the middle is the main building of the temple, which consists of Baishan Gate, Guanyin Pavilion and the East-West Attached Hall. The gate and the hall are connected by a corridor. These all reflect the characteristics of the architectural layout of Buddhist temples in Tang and Liao Dynasties.

The mountain gate is built on short steps, facing south, with three rooms wide and two rooms deep. The column is not high and the side angle is obvious. The bucket arches are large and sparsely arranged, and the height is about half of the height of the column; The roof has five ridges and four slopes, which was called "four roofs" in ancient times. Its eaves are deep and gentle, and the cornices are like flying wings. It is the earliest existing mountain gate of Xiandian in China. The kiss on both ends of the main ridge, with the fishtail wings turned inward, is different from the big kiss in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is an early fishtail in China. In the middle of the south eaves, there is a flat-forehead Dole Hall, which is said to have been made by Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty. In the middle of the gate is the doorway, and the hatchback is the statue of two generals, Huma and Ha, which is magnificent; There are colored paintings on both sides of the gables, which are flashy and not vulgar.

Guanyin Pavilion, the main building, is a three-story wooden pavilion. Because the second floor is a darkroom, and there is no eaves above it to separate it from the third floor, it looks like a two-story building. The pavilion is 23 meters high, surrounded by waist eaves and railings in the middle, with a single eaves leaning against the mountain. The eaves are far-reaching and beautiful In the center of the pavilion, there are two clay statues of Guanyin Bodhisattva, the height of which is 16 meters, and the head reaches the top of a three-story building. It is also called "Eleven Guanyin" because it has ten small Guanyin heads on its head. His face is rich and kind, his shoulders droop, his trunk leans forward slightly, and he is dignified and motionless. Although it was made in Liao Dynasty, its artistic style is similar to that of Tang Dynasty, and it is one of the largest clay sculptures in China. There is a statue of a endangered bodhisattva on both sides of Guanyin statue, which is symmetrical in shape and graceful in posture. This is also the primitive model of Liao Dynasty. The four walls on the lower floor of Guanyin Pavilion are full of colorful paintings, including the sixteen arhats and the three heads, six arms or four arms of the Ming King, with occasional paintings of mountains, clouds, water and secular themes. This is the work of a painter in the Ming Dynasty, which has been well preserved so far, with clear pictures and bright colors. Guanyin Pavilion is centered on Guanyin statue, surrounded by two rows of columns, with bucket arches on the columns and beams on the bucket arches, with wooden columns, bucket arches and beams on them, which divide the interior into three layers, allowing people to admire the Buddha from different heights; Liangfang is set around the statue, with a courtyard in the middle, which runs through from top to bottom to accommodate the statue. The statue is covered with eight algae wells, and the whole internal space is closely combined with the Buddha statue. The light in the pavilion is dark, the front is full of light, the image capacity is clear, and the back can only distinguish the outline, which strengthens the mystery of the Buddhist temple. There are thousands of beams, columns and buckets in the whole exhibition hall, but the layout and use are very regular. Because of the different positions and functions, 24 kinds of bucket arches are used in the beam-column connection. Its size and shape, whether it is to set off statues or decorative buildings, are well coordinated, showing the outstanding achievements of wood structure construction technology in Liao Dynasty. Although the pavilion has experienced many major earthquakes, it still stands tall. It is the oldest existing wooden high-rise pavilion in China, and is famous for its superb construction technology.

In front of Dule Temple is Zhaobi, the East-West Attached Hall and the East Courtyard Palace, which was expanded in the 18th year of Qianlong. This is exactly the pattern of the A Qing dynasty.

During the Japanese imperialist invasion of China and on the eve of 1949, Dule Temple was severely damaged, precious cultural relics were looted, some statues and murals were damaged, and the temple was in ruins. After 1949, Dule Temple was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit and was repaired many times. The last maintenance was 1998. Now the Buddha statues in the temples have been renovated, and the thousand-year-old temples are shining again. This temple belongs to the tantric system, and the famous abbot once talked about the true teacher. This temple is a national key cultural relics protection unit and is managed by Tianjin Cultural Relics Bureau.