See if you have added the omitted sentence elements. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting subject and object, omitting predicate verb, omitting preposition (generally omitting "Yu"), omitting verb and preposition object. When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translated meaning will be unclear and the meaning will be unreasonable.
Second, we should pay attention to adjusting the word order. There are many special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (judgment sentence, variant sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence, fixed sentence, etc. ), especially variant sentences, mainly include attributive postposition, adverbial postposition (prepositional structure postposition) and prepositional object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can we translate accurately, otherwise, the translation will be prone to language diseases such as illogical, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."
Third, we should pay attention to the phenomenon of flexible use. Many notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. It mainly includes causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, intentional usage of adjectives and nouns, nouns as verbs, nouns as adverbials, verb adjectives as nouns and so on. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.
Fourth, we should grasp the key words (mainly polysemous words), contact the context and make key breakthroughs. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand, comprehend and choose the meaning.
The above four aspects can be summarized as supplement and ellipsis, word order adjustment, flexible use and ambiguity understanding.
2. Classical Chinese should pay attention to what Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching. Classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated.
Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works.
For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history.
Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation.
In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters.
② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
3. What should I pay attention to when doing Chinese test questions? Mark the answer to each question; Write down every key answer point.
Section 1: Reading and Appreciation of Ancient Poetry 1. Pay attention to the dictation of famous sentences and literary common sense questions: (1) Choose the most confident sentences to fill in the blanks, and don't be silent. (2) The handwriting must be neat and clear, and it is forbidden to scribble or show off the calligraphy.
(It is recommended to fill in the dictation content before getting the test paper) (3) Require "word for word". If the dictation is not impressive, you can remember a few words first and then remember them later.
2. Statement of the outline of poetry appreciation: (1) Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works; (2) Evaluate the ideological content of the article and the author's views and attitudes. The first step is to interpret the text accurately: on the basis of understanding the characteristics of "poet's language", grasp the key points: (1) Look at the topic of poetry and circle the topic. Look at the author again and recall the dynasty and style of the author.
Pay attention to the influence of the times on writers (such as patriotic thoughts in the Southern Song Dynasty); (2) Look down: read the notes, understand the background of the poem, and look for clues about the content and emotion of the poem. (3) Middle reading: Look at the main body of the poem, circle one or two words in each sentence as sentence eyes, and pay special attention to adjectives and adverbs (such as loneliness) that express emotions in the poem.
In the second half, argumentation and lyricism are generally used, which is the theme of the poem. (That is, we usually say five readings: reading topic, reading author, reading content, reading notes and reading proposition. )
The second step is to clarify the key points of the answer (that is, to give points). You can answer any small-caliber question you want. Generally, large-caliber questions should include three points: ●( 1) Writing techniques: Common writing techniques (skills) are listed in the following four categories.
●(2) The content revealed by the technique: Combining with the poem, analyze what features of the image (people, things and scenery) are written by this technique, or what thoughts and feelings (philosophies) are expressed (highlighted). ●(3) Function: The function of this writing in content or form.
The function of content: deepening the artistic conception, deepening the theme, profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, profound implication, thought-provoking and far-reaching form: taking care of the front and back, combining the virtual and the real, first summarizing and then dividing, asking and answering questions) (Note: the three points of different questions have different emphases, and the key of the answer is asked; And the order of the three points should be organically combined according to the types of specific topics.
Generally speaking, it is necessary to write clearly: what is written in this poem, what techniques are used and what feelings are expressed. Step 3: Short answer to poetry appreciation: Choose different answering methods according to different topic types.
◆ The first type: image analysis (image is the people, scenery and things described in the poem) Q: What images did this poem shape? Variant question: What kind of picture does this poem show us? Or: What kind of scenery does this poem describe? Pay attention to the images with fixed meanings in poetry: 1. Parting categories: double carp, foot element (letter from afar), moon (homesickness or reunion), swan goose (homesickness of wandering children or sadness in the journey), chilling (sadness), willow (figuratively leaving as a souvenir or representing hometown), fragrant grass (leaving sadness without resentment) and partridge. 4. Love category: lotus (with "pity" for love), red bean (love or friendship between men and women) and red leaf (sentimental object).
3. Personality category: chrysanthemum (lofty), plum blossom (not timid or pure and clean), pine tree (proud of frost and snow), tragedy category: phoenix tree (symbolizing desolation), crow (declining desolation), cuckoo or Zigui (symbolizing desolation or homesickness), game-writing protocol (being wronged and dying or disloyal). 5. Other categories: Kunshan jade (talent), Zhegui (imperial examination and), Cai Wei (seclusion), Nanguan (prisoner) and Liu Ying (military camp).
Dongli (elegant, completely clean) The second type: artistic conception analysis (artistic conception = image+emotion) Routine Q: What kind of artistic atmosphere does this poem create? Variant question: What kind of picture does this poem show us? What kind of thoughts did the poet express? What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What kind of feelings did the poet express? A the terms of artistic conception (atmosphere) features are: loneliness and cold, tranquility and beauty, grandeur and magnificence, bleak and desolate, tranquility and quietness, magnificence and beauty, full of vitality, magnificence and magnificence, illusion and emptiness, cold and depression, prosperity and excitement, etc. B ideological and emotional terms: infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and the people.
The third type: analyzing the differences of poems on subject matter (including emotion and implication) can be divided into the following categories: 10, from which we can understand the theme of poems: (1) praising history and cherishing ancient poems: satirizing the present by relying on ancient monuments; Or feel that the past flourished and declined, and today is not as good as before; Or eager to make achievements like the ancients. (Writing ancient monuments, commonly used allusions) (2) Expressing poems with things: instead of expressing thoughts and feelings directly, personification is symbolized by metaphor, and one's ideals and personality are integrated into one object.
There are often images of pine, bamboo and plum. (3) frontier fortress battle poems: or write meritorious service to serve the country; Or the homesickness of the husband; Or satirize and exhort the militaristic rulers who expanded the frontier. (4) Homesickness poems: writing the sadness of wandering wanderers; Or homesickness caused by what you see, hear and feel.
There are often descriptions of the moon, willows, geese, letters and dreams. (5) Farewell poems: or express nostalgia at other times; Or express your thoughts after parting; Or express your ideals and beliefs; Or to encourage each other. (6) Pastoral landscape poems: express dissatisfaction with secularism and reality, yearn for quiet and peaceful seclusion thoughts, or express one's feelings of being independent from the world and keeping moral integrity by writing about the leisure beauty of mountains and villages.
(7) poetry: or worrying about the country and the people; Or reflect disorder; Or eager to make contributions; Or career setbacks; Or eulogize the rivers and mountains. (8) always in my heart's poems that are always in my heart: or expressing my thoughts on my husband who is guarding the border.
4. What should we pay attention to when learning classical Chinese? 1. This topic depends on the combination of memory and understanding, such as name+name = verb+name. From the memory point of view, this is quite a theorem, but from the understanding point of view, such as modern Chinese, a sentence must have a subject, predicate and object, but it is meaningless to connect two names into a sentence, so it should be used flexibly. 2. It is easier to judge the usage of function words. This kind of question type generally adopts the exclusion method. First, exclude yourself from knowing that there is obvious correctness or correctness at first glance (some options of this kind of questions are generally easy to infer). After exhausting, compare the remaining options with two function words in the same item, and compare their structures or components in the sentence. For example, there are many usages, including the pronoun "de".
5. What should I pay attention to when answering basic Chinese questions in junior high school? The narrative texts of the senior high school entrance examination are often literary works (or narratives or novels, etc. ) has beautiful literary quality, rich humanistic connotation and aesthetic value.
Therefore, in a limited time, candidates must understand the basic skills of narrative reading in order to answer questions accurately. First, read the theme and quickly grasp the main characters in the work. Candidates should understand that the purpose of the author's efforts to portray the main character is often to reflect his own ideological tendency in this character, and this ideological tendency is often the central idea of the work.
For example, the 2006 Shanghai senior high school entrance examination narrative "Children and Books", the protagonist is the "female shopkeeper". Only by grasping the different descriptions of the main characters can we reflect the personality characteristics, thoughts and feelings or spiritual qualities of this character.
It should be noted that people with more pen and ink are not necessarily the protagonists. Sometimes the author starts from profile description and outlines the image of the main characters. For example, in My Uncle Yule, the main character is not Uncle Yule, but Mr. and Mrs. Phillips, because the theme revealed in the article is the naked money relationship between people in capitalist society.
Grasping the plot quickly The so-called plot is "the development process of a series of life events that show the relationship between characters". Grasp the main plot, you can grasp the main content of the article. For example, "Children and Books" takes the thoughts and feelings of the characters as clues, from "warmly greeting customers who don't buy books" to recommending suitable books to customers, helping teenagers in trouble, leaving messages of thanks by poets and selling books to children.
The plot of the series constitutes an event, portraying the image and quality of the "female shopkeeper" and expressing the theme of the article. Can you quickly summarize the content of the article in one sentence? After browsing the reading material, candidates should learn to reflect the main content of the material with the most concise sentences, so as to have a correct overall impression of the selected article and help to grasp the theme.
The method is "Who did what". For example, "Children and Books" mainly talks about the content that "a child in distress once became a poet and thanked the female shopkeeper who saved him that year".
After mastering the content of the article, candidates will be helpful to complete other topics. For example, the questions 17 and 18 in this paper are.
Second, after reading the meaning of the question and the reading materials, the candidates have to read the meaning of the question. What does it ask? From what angle did you ask the question? What test sites are there in the topic? Only by understanding the meaning of the question can we answer the question correctly.
The proposer who examines the stem of the Chinese test paper can be said to have made great efforts to design the topic, so the stem is clear and scientific. Candidates should first understand the language of the questions when doing them.
Let's take a look at the title of Children and Books 16: "... summarize her' kindness and sincerity' in concise language: (1) warmly greet customers who don't buy books; (2)_____; (3)______; (4)"。 Let's clarify the content of the stem language: a. "full text" is to remind candidates to consider according to the full text; B. "performance" refers to answering the specific content of the text, not answering questions in a general or abstract way.
C. The title requires three performances, which must be the most typical three in the full text; D. The answer 1 in the title provides candidates with the angle and basic style of answering questions, and is a demonstration answer to help candidates understand and answer questions from the content and form. Therefore, reading the language of the topic is to grasp the key words in the topic.
There are only 5-6 narrative reading questions in the test center that pay attention to the topic, but the coverage is very large. The examination of knowledge and ability is moderate and gradient. Therefore, if the candidates have a solid basic knowledge and are familiar with the test sites, they will know the test sites from the stem of the questions during the exam and answer the questions accurately according to the requirements of the stem of the questions.
For example, the question 17 in Children and Books asks, "What is the difference in the expression effect ...? Please tell me why ",this topic not only tests the contrast, the function of ellipsis, but also tests the ideological quality of the characters. If the candidate is not familiar with the language test center of the senior high school entrance examination, how to answer it? .
6. What should I pay attention to when answering Chinese reading questions in senior high school? I am a senior three student.
First, you have to read the article carefully. You have to read the whole article at least two or three times before you can appreciate the wonderful and bright spots of the article.
Secondly, when reading, we must pay attention to those important and meaningful words (such as metaphor and parallelism, of course, by the way, we should write down the role of metaphor, personification and parallelism, or it is a transitional period, or it is full of philosophy, or it is the sublimation of the author's thoughts and feelings)
Then, start answering questions. Be sure to read the topic clearly and see the scope of the topic clearly, whether it is a single paragraph or a full text or a connection with real life. After finding the range, find the answer in the article. Our teacher taught us that Chinese reading is mainly based on the original text, plus a little self-criticism, which is generally ok.
Finally, we should properly accumulate some methods to answer questions. For example, a novel asks you about the function of a paragraph. That depends on the position of this paragraph. At the beginning, the general manager leads the full text, enlightening the following, laying an emotional tone for the full text, promoting the development of the story, taking care of the ending, echoing the title and so on. If it is in the middle, it is to inherit the above, enlighten the following, pave the way for the next * *, and promote the development of the story. If it is the end, it is to summarize the full text, sublimate the theme, express one's ambition, praise what, praise what and so on.
Also, if the reading topic is prose, we should pay attention to the biggest feature of prose, which is "scattered in form but not in spirit". Its center is clear, but when it is described around this center, it may be unconstrained and unconstrained, and it will be Wan Li in an instant.
I hope what I said is helpful to you. Let's go
7. Is there anything to pay attention to when answering the exam? Generally, the first big question tests your pronunciation or translation, the second big question tests your sentence translation, and the third big question tests your in-depth understanding of the topic of the article.
Generally, the first question should be returned to the original text, combined with the context, or translated word by word. If it still doesn't work, write down the meaning in your memory. This is the stupidest way.
The second question, you have to translate keywords. As long as you are faithful to the original, you will not lose points if you can translate it completely.
The third problem is to read the ancient prose carefully, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, try to figure out the character characteristics of the characters, and sometimes look at psychological activities. Try not to expose your weaknesses when summing up, and answer the summary from various inspirations.
8. What should you pay attention to when answering questions in Chinese is generally answered in the order of arranging questions. When answering questions, be calm and careful, ask and answer. You can neither "take it for granted" nor "rely on old experience" to answer questions as accurately and completely as possible.
(1) When doing multiple-choice questions, be sure to see clearly that this is a choice, so as not to be careless when practicing; The process of choice is a process of gradually narrowing the encirclement, and then further consider the answer carefully. After the completion of multiple-choice questions, you should fill in the answers on the answer sheet in time to avoid missing or wrong drawings due to tight time.
(2) See clearly the meaning of the question and avoid being arrogant when answering the question; If there is a word limit, it must be expressed in strict accordance with the prescribed number of words. If you are not sure about the answer, first draft the answer on the draft paper, and then copy it to the answer sheet. Especially when answering questions, we should pay attention to the phenomenon of "out of bounds".
(3) according to the requirements of the topic, we must do a good job in reviewing the topic, selecting materials, planning the layout of the article, and controlling the language, and strive to write the article well.
(4) Review: Generally speaking, the initial answer generated when answering questions has certain reliability, so don't change it easily. When reviewing, you should change your answers, and you must take sufficient theoretical basis as the guide.
(5) Handwriting: Writing norms are also very important. Chinese marking is all done online, and writing norms can prevent papers from being deducted, especially the composition and reading parts that need to be written in a large area.
(6) Grasp the time, the examination time is limited. We should make rational use of time to answer questions and give full play to its maximum efficiency.