What parts does a 1. quadrilateral generally consist of?
There are several courtyard entrance standards, including the first courtyard, the second courtyard, the third courtyard, the fourth courtyard and even the fifth courtyard. It turns out that Wang's house in Beijing can also lead to the ninth quadrangle. In addition to the main courtyard in the middle road, there are east and west courtyards on both sides, which can be described as "deep house courtyard". Let's take the most basic quadrangles as an example to explain the basic composition of quadrangles.
A courtyard is generally composed of a north room (the main room), an east-west wing room and a south room (the inverted room), which is located in the four directions of southeast and northwest, and forms a quadrangle by enclosing a square space. The most formal quadrangle in Beijing is located in an east-west alley, facing south. Siheyuan usually has a north-south central axis and a north-south longitudinal axis, which is symmetrical from east to west.
Schematic diagram of quadrangle of Beijing Second Hospital
There are wing rooms, back houses and verandahs.
1. Main House (North House)
The principal room is the place where the elders in the family live, and it is the most important and important room in the quadrangle. The quadrangles where ordinary people live are generally three main rooms, one bright and two dark or two bright and one dark. The main house has a relatively high base address and a relatively large area, which is an important place to show the family's economic strength.
2. East and west wings
The east wing and the west wing are located on the east and west sides of the quadrangle respectively, which are the places where the children in the family live. However, the status of the East Wing and the West Wing is different. The east wing is more respected, generally the eldest son or son lives, while the west wing is relatively simple, where the illegitimate child or the second son lives. Due to different status, the base of the east wing will be several inches higher than that of the west wing, but it is difficult for the naked eye to detect it.
3. South Room (Inverted Room)
South room doors and windows face north, close to the side of the alley, generally do not open the window. There is basically no sunshine all year round, so it is usually for government servants to live in. The south wing is far away from the north, east and west wing. Usually there are hanging doors and verandahs in the middle to separate the south house from the other three.
There are quadrangles with two courtyards and three courtyards. There will be wings on the east and west sides of the main house, and calligraphy corridors connected with the east and west wings. There is also a back building on the north side of the main house, which is usually where the daughter lives. Larger quadrangles have the same design, but will be set into different functional rooms, such as adding a study and a small living room.
Schematic diagram of courtyard house
The courtyard of the quadrangle is located in the middle of the quadrangle, where chairs, fish tanks and green plants can be placed.
2. What are the characteristics of Beijing Siheyuan?
Siheyuan has the characteristics of different sizes, good privacy, more greening and less water features, and more meanings.
1. Different scales
The building regulations of Beijing quadrangles are the same, but the scale is not uniform. According to the scale of quadrangles, they are mainly divided into big quadrangles, middle quadrangles and small quadrangles. Among them, the big four-in-one is generally a compound quadrilateral, also known as? Dazhaimen? It is composed of many small quadrangles with many courtyards, which are divided into front yard, backyard, east yard and west yard. The scale of the middle quadrangle is smaller than that of the big quadrangle, which mainly includes five northern houses, three straight ears and three eastern and western houses. In addition, the front and rear courtyards are often separated by courtyard walls. Small four-in-one has only three north rooms, two east rooms and three south rooms. Large quadrangles are generally used as official residences, while middle quadrangles and small quadrangles are generally the residences of ordinary residents.
Compound quadrilateral model diagram
The scale of quadrangles can extend from north to south or from east to west.
2. Good privacy
The walls of the quadrangle enclose the room into an independent space, which is very private. The houses in the quadrangle are all independent. Although there are verandahs connected, all the doors open to the courtyard, but behind the closed doors, they are self-contained, allowing the family to have close contact and give themselves space.
Quadrilateral exterior wall real map
The walls of quadrangles are basically closed, so the privacy is very high.
3. More greening and less waterscape
In Beijing quadrangles, there are few landscapes, most of which are decorated with plants and flowers. Due to the climate in Beijing, many plants are planted in the hospital, such as begonia, magnolia, pomegranate, peony, etc., but pine and cypress, mulberry and pear trees have never been planted. There are many fish tanks in the yard, which can not only be used for viewing, but also adjust the air in the yard.
Scene map of quadrangle
There are more trees and flowers planted in the yard, but less landscape.
4. There are many meanings
Every building, every decoration and every plant in the courtyard has its unique significance. The courtyard building itself, facing south, is meaningful, so the main room is in the north. The decoration, sculpture and painting of the buildings in the courtyard are mostly words or patterns such as orchids, longevity and happiness, which show people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, wealth and auspiciousness.
Courtyard decoration scene
Shouzi screen symbolizes the longevity and happiness of the owner of quadrangles.
3. What is the focus of the architectural design of quadrangles?
The buildings of Beijing quadrangles should be set up according to certain rules, from site selection and positioning to determining the specific scale of each building. The decoration, sculpture and painting of quadrangles also reflect folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, and the green plants placed and planted in the courtyard also have certain meanings.
1. Architectural features
The north-south axis of Beijing quadrangle is symmetrical, and the gate of quadrangle is not opposite to the main gate, but is set in the southeast. The enclosure of Beijing quadrangle is mainly based on the back gables of four houses, and short and strong joints are connected at the disconnection point, which saves building materials and homestead to the greatest extent. The courtyard in the middle is basically a square when viewed from the plane. The houses in the four directions of east, west, north and south in the courtyard are independent and have a certain distance. Then the veranda in the corner and the eaves gallery in front of the house are connected in series, which is sparse but not loose.
Scene map of courtyard gate
There is a fixed emphasis on the direction of opening the door.
Step 2 pay attention to decoration
The decorations, sculptures and paintings of Beijing quadrangles are auspicious everywhere.
Use bats to represent happiness, and use long words or peach blossom patterns to mean it? Longevity, with endless graphic significance? Celebrate? Or? Celebrate? With plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum and other patterns, it is a metaphor for the lofty and free from vulgarity of the owner of the quadrangle. Gentleman? Peony and magnolia are used to express elegance and wealth, while gourd, pomegranate and grape are used to describe many children and grandchildren.
Common pattern? Step by step? Display chart
It reflects people's desire to keep forging ahead and step by step into a bright future.
The layout of the room reflects the identity of the owner.
In ancient times, people's status in the family was different, and there was a distinction between honor and inferiority. In addition to the identity of the title, the house allocated for living will also be reflected. Due to the influence of light, the lighting in the main room is better, and the lighting in the east-west wing and the south wing is the worst. Houses are sorted by size and quality, and the order from good to bad is the main room, the east-west wing room, the back building room, the wing room and the south room. The most distinguished person in the family lives in the first room, with good lighting and high specifications.
Siheyuan in Beijing has a history of more than 3000 years. Every setting in the quadrangle can reflect the family ethics and patriarchal clan system, and it is the carrier of China traditional culture.
This content is only applicable to Beijing.