Lipper
Alas, how dangerous and noble! The Shu Road is so difficult to climb that it is almost impossible to go to heaven. Legend has it that Can Cong and Yufu established Shu, and the founding date is too long to discuss in detail. After that, about 48,000 years, Qin and Shu were separated by the Qinling Mountains and did not communicate with each other. There are paths that birds can cross in Taibai Mountain in the west. You can cross the top of Mount Emei from that path. The five strong men of Shu were crushed to death by the landslide, and the ladder and plank roads between the two places began to connect. There is a mountain top that blocks the six dragon cars of the sun god, and a steep wave drains back to the tortuous Dachuan. The oriole, who is good at flying high, still can't fly. Even if the lynx wants to climb over, she is worried that she can't climb over. How does the winding Qingniling hover around the mountain, and the surrounding rocks turn nine times within a hundred steps. You can touch the stars of Shen and Jing and hold your breath. You can put your hand on your chest and sit down and sigh in horror.
Good friend, when will you return your westward journey? The terrible rocky mountain road is really difficult to climb! I saw the sad bird whining on the old tree; Male and female birds fly each other in the virgin forest. What I heard on the moonlit night was the sad cry of the cuckoo, which made me sad. What a desolate empty mountain! It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get into the sky. Why don't people suddenly change their faces when they hear this? The peaks are connected together, less than a foot from the sky; The withered old branches hung upside down and got stuck between the cliffs. Swirls and waterfalls scramble to make noise; Water and stones collide and rotate, just like a thousand valleys are thundering. This place is so bad and dangerous that it has come to this; Alas, how did you come all the way to make a guest appearance in this place?
The land of Jiange is towering into the sky. As long as one person is guarding it, it is difficult to capture a thousand troops. If the accredited official is not a close relative of the royal family; Being a jackal is inevitable, and this is not rebellion. In the morning, you should avoid the tiger in fear; Be alert to the disaster of the long snake at night. Jackals, tigers and leopards have prepared their teeth and fangs, which is really disturbing; Poisonous snakes and beasts kill people like hemp, which makes people tremble with fear. Although Jinguancheng is a happy place; So sinister, it is better to return to China early. Shu Dao is too difficult to walk, and it is almost impossible to go to heaven; Looking sideways to the west makes people feel sorry and sigh!
Poetic Translation of Pipa Xing
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to Sima of Jiujiang County. One day in the autumn of the following year, I was seeing off guests at Songpukou, and at night I heard someone playing the lute on the boat. Listen to that sound, jingle bells, with the popular rhyme of Kyoto. Ask about this person, who turned out to be a singer in Chang 'an, and once studied under two pipa masters, Mu and Cao. Later, she got old, retired and married a businessman. So I ordered someone to set the wine and asked her to play a few songs happily. After she finished playing, she looked a little blue. She talked about the joy of childhood, but now she is wandering, haggard and wandering between rivers and lakes. After leaving Beijing for two years, I had a very relaxed and enjoyable life. Now I am moved by this man's words, and I feel demoted that night. So I wrote a long poem for her, * * * 6 16, entitled Pipa.
On autumn night, I went to Xunyang Jiangtou to see off a returning guest, and the autumn wind blew the maple leaves and reeds rustling. I dismounted and bid farewell to the guests on board, raising a glass and drinking useless orchestra. If you don't drink well, it will be even sadder. You left, and the river reflected the bright moon at night.
Suddenly I heard the crisp sound of pipa on the river; I forgot to return, and the guests didn't want to leave. Gently ask along the body who is playing the pipa? Pipa stopped for a long time but nothing happened. We brought the boat closer and invited her out to meet; Tell the servant to add more wine, and then set the banquet under the lamp. After a long time, she came out shyly, still holding the pipa in her hand, half covering her shy face. Tighten the piano shaft, pluck the strings and try to play a few times; Form is very affectionate before it becomes a tune. The sad sound of the strings suggests meditation; It seems to be telling the frustration of her life; She kept her head down and kept playing; Tell the infinite past in your heart with the sound of the piano. Gently touch, slowly twist, smooth, wipe and select; Play with colorful feathers first, then play with six. The big string is long and noisy, like a storm; Xiaoxian is gentle and quiet, as if someone is whispering. Noise and tangles are played alternately; Like a string of big beads falling from the jade plate. Crisp as a flower, orioles singing; Sorrow is like a clear spring flowing under the beach. It seems that the cold and astringent pipa sound of the spring began to condense, and the condensed and unsmooth voice was gradually interrupted. Like another kind of sadness and hatred secretly breeds; At this time, it is more touching than the sound. Suddenly, it seems that the silver bottle broke into the water and splashed; Like armored cavalry killing knives and guns. At the end of the song, she aimed at the center of the strings and parted them; The roar of four strings seems to tear the cloth. People from the East Ship and the West Ship listened quietly; I saw Bai Yue reflected in the middle of the river.
She thoughtfully put the pick away and inserted it on the strings; Finishing clothes still looks solemn. She said I was a famous singer in Beijing. My hometown is in Ling Ran, southeast of Chang 'an. Learn to play pipa at the age of thirteen; My name was included in the first lineup of Jiao Fang Philharmonic Orchestra. Every song makes the art masters gasp in admiration; Every time I make up Chengdu, I am envied by my fellow geisha. Rich children in Kyoto compete to offer color; I don't know how much red yarn I collected after playing a song. The silver grate in the hammer head is often broken when it is struck; I don't regret that the red skirt is stained with wine. Spend years laughing and fighting; Autumn goes and spring comes, and good times are wasted. My brother joined the army, and my sister died at home, which has been ruined; As time goes by, I get old and my skin color fades. Cars and horses in front of the door reduce diners; Youth is gone, so I have to marry a businessman. When businessmen value profits more than feelings, they tend to leave easily; He went to Fuliang to do tea business last month. He left, leaving me alone at the mouth of the river; The autumn moon accompanied me around the cabin, and the autumn water was cold. In the middle of the night, I often dream that I had a good time when I was young; In my dream, crying defiled my face.
Listening to the cry of pipa, I have shook my head and sighed; It makes me sad to hear her talk again. We are all sad people who have fallen to the end of the world; When we meet today, why should we ask if we have met? Since I left the bustling capital Chang 'an last year; He was relegated to Xunyang River and often fell ill. Xunyang this place is desolate and remote without music; You can't hear orchestral instruments all year round. Living in a low-lying and humid place on the Ganjiang River; Yellow reeds and bitter bamboo surround the first house. What can you hear here sooner or later? Full of sad cries of cuckoo apes. Riverside flowers, as good as Qiu Jiang moonlit night; I can't help it I often drink wine alone. Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just hoarse and harsh. Tonight, I listen to you play the pipa and tell your heart, just like hearing that Yue Xian has discerning eyes and discerning ears. Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song; I want to write a new poem "Pipa" for you.
Moved by my words, she stood for a long time; Turn around and sit down, then tighten the strings and dial the urgent tone. Sadness is no longer like the sound just now; People here are hard of hearing, hiding their faces and crying. Which of you shed the most tears? My tears of Jiangzhou Sima soaked my blue skirt!
< Persuade Learning > Translation
The gentleman said: learning can't stop.
Indigo (yes) is extracted from blue grass, but it is greener than blue grass; Ice is condensed from water, but it is cooler than water. (A piece) of wood is straight to the chalk line (straightened by a carpenter). If the wheel is bent by fire, its radian (can) conform to the compass (drawing a circle). Even if it is dried in the sun, it is no longer straight, which is caused by artificial processing. Therefore, when the wood is scratched by ink lines, it is straight (axe sawing), and the metal sword is sharp when it is put on the grindstone (grinding). A gentleman can learn from others and behave himself every day, so that he can be wise and knowledgeable and make no mistakes in his behavior.
I daydream all day, and I don't study for a moment. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but I couldn't see wide when I climbed high. Climb high and wave, the arm is not lengthened, but people can see it in the distance; Shouting with the wind didn't get louder, but the listener heard it clearly. With the help of chariots and horses, people can walk fast, but they can reach thousands of miles away; People who use boats can't swim, but they can cross the river. There is no (what) difference in the essence of a gentleman (with ordinary people), but he is good at learning with the help of foreign things.
The soil accumulates into mountains, and the wind and rain (will) start from there; The accumulated water forms a deep pool, where dragons (clubs) grow; Accumulate good deeds and cultivate good moral character, so that the spirit can reach a high level, the wisdom can be developed and the sage's thoughts can be possessed. Therefore, there is no way to take Wan Li Road without taking small steps. Without the convergence of a trickle, there is no way to become a river and a sea. A good horse can't jump ten steps at a time; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in constantly walking. Carve (once) and put (not carved), rotten wood (also) can not be carved; If you don't stop carving, stones can also be carved (successfully). Earthworms have no sharp claws and strong bones and muscles, but they can eat the soil and drink the groundwater on the ground. Crab (has) six feet and two crab claws, but (but) no snake, no eel hole (just) no place to rest (body), (this is) impetuous (not single-minded).
My country is also a translator.
"I governance beam, it is really difficult. When there was a famine in Hanoi, I moved people there to Hedong and transported food from Hedong to Hanoi. There is a famine in Hedong, so do it. I have visited the politics of neighboring countries, and no one can be as dedicated as me. But the number of people in neighboring countries has not decreased, and my number has not increased. What is the reason? "
Mencius replied: "Your Majesty likes war, so please let me use war as an analogy. When the drums in winter and winter rang and the heads of guns touched, some soldiers threw down their armor and dragged their weapons back. Some people stop running a hundred paces, while others stop running fifty paces. Can those soldiers who run 50 paces laugh at those who run 100 paces? "
Hui Wangdao: "No, it's just that they didn't run a hundred paces, which is also an escape."
Mencius said: "If your majesty understands this truth, then don't expect people who are more than neighbors.
If the military corvee does not interfere with the season of agricultural production, the grain will be inexhaustible; Fine nets don't go to deep ponds for fishing, and fish and turtles eat more; If you chop down trees in the mountains with an axe according to the season, there will be endless wood. Food, fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and wood can't be used up. The people are born without regrets, and they are raised and buried. It is the beginning of kingliness that people have no regrets about being born, raised and buried.
Give people five acres of homestead and plant mulberry trees, and those over 50 can wear silk. Domestic animals, such as chickens, dogs and pigs, can be kept by the people at the right time, so people over 70 can eat meat. Each family has 100 mu of arable land, and the government does not interfere in their production season. Then, a few people in a family can stop being hungry. Do a good job in the school and teach the people repeatedly on the principle of filial piety. Then, the gray-haired old man will not walk on the road by himself or with heavy objects. People over 70 years old have silk to wear and meat to eat, and ordinary people can't be hungry or frozen, so there has never been a situation where they can't practice kingship before.
Now in Liang, pigs and dogs from wealthy families have eaten the food of the people, but they are not constrained to stop it; There are people starving to death on the road, but they don't open the granary to help. When the people died, they even said,' It's not my fault, it's because I was poor for several years.' What's the difference between this statement and killing someone with a knife and saying,' I didn't kill him but used a weapon'? If the king doesn't blame by 2008, then all the people in the world will go to Liang Guolai. "
Translation of Guo Qin's Theory
It occupies the rugged terrain of Xiaoshan and Hangu Pass, and has the land of Yongzhou, which is firmly guarded by the monarch and ministers, in order to spy on the Zhou royal family, with the intention of sweeping the world, conquering Kyushu, sweeping the four seas and annexing remote places on all sides. At that time, Shang Jun assisted him to establish internal laws and regulations, vigorously cultivate textiles, and build defense and offensive equipment; Carrying out the strategy of overseas balance of power made Shandong governors fight against each other. In this way, the Qin people easily seized the land outside the Xihe River.
After Xiao Gong's death, Huiwen Wang and Wang (successively) inherited the existing inheritance and followed the strategy of the previous generation, seizing Hanzhong in the south, annexing Pakistan and Shu in the west, cutting fertile land in the east and occupying key counties and cities in the north. Frightened, the governors held a meeting to form an alliance and tried to weaken Qin. Don't be stingy with rare and precious utensils and fertile land. They are used to attract outstanding talents from all over the world, form alliances and covenants, and form an organic whole. At this time, there were Qi, Zhao, Chu, Chun Shenjun and Wei, Xin Lingjun. These four monarchs are wise, resourceful, sincere and trustworthy, generous to others, and have great respect for talented people. (They) broke Lian Heng's anti-Qin strategy with the agreement of alliance, and formed an alliance with the armies of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. At this time, people from the six countries were Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Doukhi and others, Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Slow, Zhai Jing, Su Li, Le Yi and others (for the country), Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She. They once went to Hanguguan to attack Qin with ten times as much land and a million troops. The National People's Congress of Qin opened its doors wide and led the enemy deep, but the troops of the nine countries hesitated and dared not enter the customs. The Qin people did not lose an arrow, and the princes of the world were in panic. As a result, the treaty was dissolved, and the vassal States scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. The State of Qin has the spare capacity to use their weaknesses to subdue them and catch up with the defeated troops. Millions of defeated soldiers are lying dead on the road, with rivers of blood and big shields floating. In this favorable situation, (Qin people) cut off the land under the world and (re-) divided the land of mountains and rivers. A strong country gives in, and a weak country goes to Qin (on time) to worship. When King Xiaowen and King Zhuangxiang succeeded to the throne in turn, their rule time was not long, and nothing important happened in Qin.
By the time of the first emperor, he had greatly developed the achievements of the first six generations of monarchs, wielded a whip to control the whole of China, wiped out all the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty and vassal States, ascended the noblest throne to rule the world, persecuted the people of the whole country with various instruments of torture, and made a great impact on the world. Taking Baiyue's land to the south and dividing it into Guilin County and Xiang Jun County, Baiyue's monarch bowed his head and tied a rope around his neck, leaving his life to the lower officials of Qin. So (again) Meng Tian was sent north to build the Great Wall, guarding the border and repelling the Huns for more than 700 miles; Hu people (again) dare not come to the south to graze, and warriors dare not bow and shoot arrows for revenge. Then he abolished the ancient emperors' way of governing the country and burned hundreds of works in order to make the people ignorant; Destroy famous cities and kill heroes; Collect all the weapons in the world, concentrate them in Xianyang, remove sharp swords and arrows, and use them to cast twelve gold men, weakening the resistance of the people. Then set foot on Huashan Mountain to repair the city wall and use the Yellow River as a moat, with a wall 100 million feet high and an incalculable abyss on it as a solid fortification. Excellent generals guard the key points with strong crossbows, and reliable officials and elite foot soldiers question passers-by with sharp weapons. The world is set, and the first emperor thought that the dangerous and solid terrain in Guanzhong and the iron wall of Fiona Fang thousands of miles away were the imperial inheritance of later generations.
After the death of Qin Shihuang, his afterglow (still) shocked remote areas. However, Chen She was just a poor boy. He used a broken urn as a window and a straw rope as a hinge. He protected himself and was a servant, and later became a pawn who was moved to the border. Talent is not as good as the middle class, morality is not as good as Kong Qiu and Mo Zhai, and wealth is not as good as Tao Zhu and Yidun. In the ranks of defenders, he suddenly rose from the field, led tired soldiers, commanded hundreds of troops, turned around and attacked Qin, cut down trees as weapons, held bamboo poles as flags, and the whole world gathered like a cloud, echoing him from afar, and followed him like a shadow with food. Heroes to the east of Xiaoshan revolted together and wiped out the Qin family.
It can be asserted that the Qin dynasty, which dominated the world, was not weak (unable to resist), and the terrain of Yongzhou, the danger and firmness of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan remained the same as before. Chen She's position is not higher than that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhong Shan. Hoe stick is not sharper than hook spear; The pawns who moved to the frontier were not much better than the troops of the nine countries; (As for) farsightedness and strategy of marching troops, (Chen She) can't compare with the military commanders and counselors of the Nine Kingdoms. But those with good conditions failed, those with poor conditions succeeded, and their achievements were completely opposite. Why? If we compare Shandong with Chen She and measure their strength, it will be a different world. However, Qin, with its tiny place, has developed into a country full of chariots and horses, attracting eight governors to worship themselves for more than 100 years. Then take the world as private possession, and take Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan as palace walls; A garrison soldier attacked and destroyed seven temples of the Emperor of Heaven. All the grandchildren died at the hands of others and were laughed at by the whole world. What is the reason? The offensive and defensive situation has changed because benevolence and righteousness have not been implemented.
Translation of Shi Shuo
People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, studies and explains problems. People cannot be born rational. Who can not doubt it? If you have doubts and don't learn from the teacher, these doubts will never be solved. People born before me understood the truth earlier than I did, so I followed him and worshipped him as a teacher. People born later than me may understand the truth earlier than me, so I learn from him and worship him as a teacher. I am studying the truth. What do I care if he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of status or age, the place where truth exists is also the place where teachers exist.
Alas! No one has long inherited the tradition of learning from teachers, so few people don't doubt it! Ancient saints far beyond the average person had to follow their teachers and ask them for advice; Nowadays, many people, far worse than saints, are ashamed to learn from teachers. So smart people are smarter, and stupid people are more stupid. Probably because of this, saints become saints and fools become fools. People love their children and choose qualified teachers to educate them; For themselves, it is really stupid to regard learning from teachers as a disgraceful thing! Those teachers who educate children, teach them to read, and let them learn to pause and break sentences are not the teachers I am talking about. If you don't understand, you can't solve the problem by learning from the teacher, but you don't ask the teacher, learn a little and discard a big one. I don't think they are reasonable. Wizards, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. People like scholar-officials get together and laugh at him when they hear someone calling them teachers and students. Ask the scoffers, and they will say, "That person is about the same age as someone, and his cultivation and studies are similar." It is shameful to treat people with low status as teachers, and it is flattering to treat people with high status as teachers. Ah! The tradition of learning from teachers cannot be restored, and we can know why. Wizards, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all looked down upon by scholars, but now their knowledge can't keep up with them. Isn't this strange!
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius used to learn from Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. People like Zanzi are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students. Knowing the truth is the first priority, and their skills and learning have their own special research. That's all.
The Li family's child, Pan, is seventeen years old. He likes classical Chinese and has made a general study of the scriptures of the Six Classics and the works explaining them. He is not bound by the bad atmosphere of being ashamed to learn from his teacher and wants to learn from me. I commend him for following the ancient tradition of learning from teachers and writing this book "Teacher's Commentary" as a gift for him.