On the level of artistic language, the meaning of painting also includes the use of this artistic behavior plus aesthetic methods such as graphics and composition to achieve the ideas and meanings that the painter wants to express. The following are the painting skills about colors that I have compiled for you. Welcome to reading.
Color painting skills 1 master the correct observation method.
Sketch observation is nothing more than wholeness and contrast. The so-called overall observation is to compare each other and the differences are different. In particular, the "similar contrast method" can best notice the subtle color change, repeatedly distinguish the same or similar colors, find out the color difference, and then decompose it. In order to avoid local observation of the object, it is best to know the color of the object with angular light sideways to avoid "staring". When observing an object, you can jump up and down, left and right, and contrast observation can strengthen the connection and difference between different objects and colors in different directions. In addition, looking at an object for a long time is prone to visual fatigue, which leads to dull color perception. What should I do? You can tilt your head to your shoulders and change your visual habits. At this time, you will feel fresh about the color of the object in front of you. I have made many students feel this way.
Introduction to copying
Copy excellent template painting, learn expression skills from it, and feel the charm of color. Through copying, you can directly learn how to color, how to shape the body with a pen, how to distinguish the warmth and coldness of colors from the organization of colors, etc., and you can also be further familiar with the performance of gouache pigments and the dry and wet techniques of gouache painting. Of course, for color beginners, forced copying is at a loss, especially in the absence of any color knowledge, blind copying is very boring. In order to make students have a good interest, we should start with color painting and briefly understand the basic knowledge of color and the basic problems to be solved in gouache painting before copying. Secondly, we should understand the importance of copying. For example, the study of Chinese painting begins with copying. Some China painters even spare no effort to copy their predecessors' works all their lives, constantly absorbing nutrition from their predecessors to improve their performance. In particular, Chinese painting pays attention to the requirements of pen and ink, which is also applicable to gouache painting. This point is often ignored by many teachers, who only emphasize the color theory and ignore the fun of using pens and machines, and suddenly lag behind the pursuit of formal beauty of pictures. When copying, we should start with the problem, first look at what color the picture is, whether it is warm or cold; Whether it is a green tone or a red tone; Whether it's dark or light. Understand the contrast from the perspective of sketch and cold and warm, where is the deepest and where is the brightest. Where the colors are bright, where the colors are dark. What are warm colors and what are cool colors. How the color of light source, inherent color and environmental color change, etc. Then when adjusting each color, we should not only pay attention to how to adjust the color, but also consider how to use the pen, whether it is pendulum or dot, wet or dry, big or small strokes and so on. Be sure, or you won't ask for a solution. Passive mechanical plagiarism will not only make slow progress, but also reduce your interest. Over time, you will lose your enthusiasm for color, leading to "looking at the color and sighing."
Application of water
As a blending agent of gouache painting, water is an indispensable medium for gouache painting, watercolor painting and ink painting. Although gouache painting can also use dry painting and thick painting like oil painting, there are still many restrictions. Without water, the performance of gouache pigment can not be better played. After teaching gouache for many years, I found that many beginners can't draw gouache well, largely because of poor water use, because water use is almost always carried out. Ignoring the grasp of water also ignores the emphasis on basic methods. I suggest that you prepare a towel with good water absorption first, so that you can absorb water on it after each brush. Of course, dry drawing and wet drawing have different requirements for water content. Here, it is suggested that beginners might as well follow the following steps: before starting color mixing, rinse the pen in the bucket several times (for beginners, it is best to rinse the pen clean), then shake it three or four times before starting to adjust the color you want. Don't rush to put it on the screen after alignment, but dip the marker in a bucket with a little water and put it on the palette.
Color matching requirements
For beginners, there are two difficulties that are confusing. One is that you can't see the color change in the face of still life, and the other is that you can't adjust the color correctly. I don't think I can see the color, either color blindness or the wrong method. Seeing the color and not being able to adjust it is largely related to experience. After teaching gouache for more than ten years, I think the only thing I can't teach is color mixing. Why? Because everyone feels different and sees different colors; The type and proportion of color matching may limit the accuracy of color. If you want to adjust the color you see more accurately, you must first summarize the color you feel and see which color it is closer to and what is the difference. Then break down the colors you see into two or three colors at most, not too many, which is easy to get dirty. Compare which two or three colors below best match the color you need. Next, we will try to allocate the proportion. Perhaps the proportion of pigments is the most difficult to grasp when we mix colors. The proportion is wrong, and the color is either wrong or too late. Students often ask how to adjust a certain color, such as drawing the bright part of a yellow apple. I told him to use white with light green and lemon yellow, but he may lack the green tendency, or it may be too green or too pink. All these show that the method of color adjustment can't be taught sometimes. Just by your own feelings.
Method of shaping
Maybe every beginner starts his own painting process from sketching. Color and sketch are two kinds of painting forms which are both related and different. When we can see a certain color relationship, how can we create a group of still lives with a strong sense of body and space? Without the special connection of sketch, the shaping of color may never be discussed. Therefore, when we face a group of still life, besides hard observation, rational sketch processing ability is the basic foundation of body shaping. Of course, we can't sketch for the sake of sketch, and blindly emphasizing the relationship between light and shade may lose the meaning of color. Painting with colors is a taboo in watercolor painting. How to shape it? We can generally use "three aspects and five tones" to analyze the basic form, emphasize the independence of brush strokes, and summarize an object into a limited number of colors, that is, block painting. In this way, the picture will be clear-cut, the colors will be concise and clear, and the works will appear clean, solid and expressive with the change of brush strokes. For the modeling method of block surface, beginners can practice color gradient from shallow to deep to distinguish color levels.
Color painting skills 2 painting color contrast skills 1, color contrast
Two or more colors, compared in space or time, can compare obvious differences and produce a contrast effect, which is called color contrast. Imagination can be divided into two categories: simultaneous contrast and continuous contrast.
Painting color contrast skills 2, hue contrast
Contrast caused by hue difference. When determining the main color, we must consider the relationship between other colors and the main color, what content and effect to show, and so on. , thus enhancing its expressive force.
Put the same orange on the red or yellow, we will find that the orange on the red will have a yellowish feeling, because the orange is composed of red and yellow tones. When juxtaposed with red, the same components are harmonious and different parts are enhanced, so it looks more yellow than when it is alone. Compared with other colors, this phenomenon will also occur, which is called color name contrast.
Painting color contrast skills III. Brightness contrast
Put the same color on black and white, and compare the color sense, you will find that the color on black feels brighter, while the color on white feels darker, and the contrast effect between light and dark is very strong and obvious, which will have a great impact on the color matching result and make people feel uneasy.
Painting color contrast skills 4, purity contrast
When one color is compared with another brighter color, it will feel less bright, but when compared with a less bright color, it will look bright. This color contrast is called purity contrast.
Painting color contrast skills 5, complementary color contrast
Complementary colors such as red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange are juxtaposed with each other to make the color feel more vivid and increase the purity, which is called complementary color contrast. (The phenomenon of visual afterimage is obvious).
Painting color contrast skills 6, cold and warm contrast
The color contrast formed by the difference of cold and warm color perception is called cold and warm contrast. Red, orange and yellow make people feel warm; Blue, blue-green, blue-purple make people feel cold; Green and purple are in between) In addition, the contrast between cool color and warm color is also affected by lightness and purity. High white light reflection, cold feeling, high black light absorption rate and warm feeling.
Color painting skills 3 1. Hue (Vietnamese city)
Refers to the appearance of a color or the name of a color. Such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, etc., each name represents a specific hue. In pigments, every kind of red, such as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, rose red, earth red, eosin and orange red, is a red with different tones. There is a relationship between hue approximation and difference between them. After complex mixing, the pigment produces a very rich gray composite color. It is difficult to determine the exact hue names of all these polychromatic colors.
Step 2 be light
Each unadjusted or mixed color has its own brightness, that is, the brightness of the color. Among the colors, the strongest lightness is white and the weakest is black. Black and white are called stunning colors, also known as achromatic colors. If you add white to any color, the brightness of the mixed color will increase, and the more you add, the brighter it will be. If it is changed to black, the situation is just the opposite. In order to increase or decrease the brightness of a certain color, white and black are not simply used; Instead, according to the requirements of color purity and temperature, other brighter colors are used to improve the brightness, and other darker colors are used to weaken the brightness. To give a simple example: if you want to change red into a deeper color than magenta and contain gray, you need to add a pigment darker than blue. Although adding black can darken the color, it can't have a purple hue, because black and white are achromatic color's.
Step 3 be pure
Purity is the name that describes color quality, also known as saturation or chromaticity and freshness. The purity of color refers to the degree to which the hue feels clear or fuzzy, bright or turbid. Adding white or black to high-purity hue can improve or weaken its brightness, but it will reduce its purity. If neutral gray is added, the purity of hue will also decrease. In painting, most of them are composite colors mixed by two or more pigments with different tones. According to the color arrangement of the color ring, the purity is basically unchanged by mixing adjacent tones (such as orange obtained by mixing red and yellow). Contrast hue mixing is the easiest way to reduce purity and even turn gray. The change of color purity can produce rich tones of different intensities, making colors attractive and aesthetic.
Image elements-refers to the size and shape of the color area, the position on the screen and the texture of the color surface. This is an artistic form factor created by the painter in his painting creation according to the requirements of expressing the theme and the law of formal beauty.
Psychological elements-color changes in temperature, advance and retreat, light and heavy, expansion and contraction, thickness, movement and so on. This is a feeling caused by the personality of color and its psychological influence on people.
happiness
Cold and warm are colors. This is how psychological factors feel about color. When people see warm colors (such as red, orange, yellow, etc. ), they will be associated with sunlight, flames, blood and other scenery, resulting in warm, happy, warm, cheerful, active, scary and other emotional reactions. See cool colors (such as blue, cyan, etc.). ) will remind people of the ocean, the moon, snow, green mountains, green waters, blue sky and other scenery, resulting in emotional reactions such as tranquility, coolness, profundity and sadness. In life, the festive activities in our country are decorated with warm colors to show a warm and cheerful atmosphere. The environment of cool and cold drink places in summer is decorated with cool colors, which makes people who enter this environment feel cool psychologically. Cold and warm is the feeling of temperature, how can it be related to the color feeling in the field of vision? In fact, color produces psychological reaction through human visual senses, which shows the appeal of color. Zhihao, a master colorist in Japan, once confirmed this color effect through experiments: one of the two workshops was painted with a cool cyan color, and the other was painted with a warm red orange color. Objectively speaking, the temperature of the two stations is the same, but the subjective feelings of the workers in the workshop are quite different. People who work in the blue-gray workshop are still cold at 59 degrees Fahrenheit, while people who work in the red-orange workshop are not cold at 52 degrees Fahrenheit. Because of the color difference in the workshop environment, the temperature felt by workers is actually 7 degrees. The reason is that the cold and warm color environment of different colors stimulates people's senses, resulting in the physiological phenomenon of reducing or accelerating blood circulation. Traffic lights at intersections, red lights make people alert, and green lights make people feel safe, which also shows that different colors have different reactions in people's hearts. The hot water faucet in the bathroom is painted red and the cold water faucet is painted blue, which directly triggers people's cold and hot association psychology. The psychological reflection of cold and warm color characteristics can also be expressed by the following concepts.
Cool colors-shadow, transparency, calmness, calmness, thinness, fluidity, distance, brightness, wetness, receding and shrinking. ...
Warm colors-sunny, opaque, warm, exciting, thick, fixed, close, heavy, dry, gradual and expanding. ...
The psychological relative reaction of cold and warm colors shows that they have complex expressive force, but this expressive force is not isolated and absolute, and it needs to be linked and combined with other factors in composition, such as plot and image in painting.
Whenever and wherever, the world we live in is full of different colors. When people come into contact with these colors, they often think that the colors are independent: the sky is blue, the plants are green and the flowers are red. But colors are like notes, and only one note can play beautiful music together. The same is true of colors. In fact, no color exists independently, and no color itself is a good-looking color or a bad-looking color. On the contrary, only when color becomes one of a group of color components will we say here that color is harmonious or uncoordinated, appropriate or inappropriate.
Painting color contrast skills 1, color contrast
Two or more colors, compared in space or time, can compare obvious differences and produce a contrast effect, which is called color contrast. Imagination can be divided into two categories: simultaneous contrast and continuous contrast.
Painting color contrast skills 2, hue contrast
Contrast caused by hue difference. When determining the main color, we must consider the relationship between other colors and the main color, what content and effect to show, and so on. , thus enhancing its expressive force.
Put the same orange on the red or yellow, we will find that the orange on the red will have a yellowish feeling, because the orange is composed of red and yellow tones.
The color landscape test is mainly to test the ability of color perception, expression, modeling and spatial expression of natural scenery for art college entrance examination students. In recent years, the frequency of color landscape in color examination subjects of art colleges in China is very high, and some provinces even reached 80% in recent five years. Color landscape examination is generally dictation, and the requirements of general color examination include three basic aspects: accurate modeling, accurate color relationship and accurate spatial relationship. As long as properly trained, color landscape painting can be greatly improved in a short time.
First, copy and blend sketches.
Copying and sketching are the only way for color training. For art college entrance examination students, there is no choice but to practice. However, how to arrange and allocate practice time so that copying and sketching can be integrated with each other is very particular.
1, copy to accelerate learning.
Copying means learning from excellent works and stealing from color experts. It is an essential stage to learn painting and a shortcut to learn color. According to students' actual ability, teachers can carefully select template paintings related to the content of the college entrance examination and put forward clear requirements, so that students can seriously study the essence of the works, deepen their understanding and understanding of the color law, and learn the mature expression techniques, perfect artistic treatment and elegant aesthetic taste of template paintings. This kind of learning can often achieve an unexpected effect of accelerating learning.
Candidates can copy the color landscape in three steps: when learning color for the first time, they can understand the general painting steps, space modeling and tone processing through copying; In the middle, you can concentrate on copying individual objects or specific scenes that need to be solved and mastered, and learn the painting method of specific scenes; Two months before the exam, choose the questions that may appear in the college entrance examination and combine copying and dictation.
2. Landscape sketch deepens feelings and understanding.
Sketching of color landscape is one of the most effective ways to train color perception, grasp the law of color change and feel the beauty of nature, which is irreplaceable by other training methods. Nature provides us with an ever-changing complex color world that cannot be replaced by reproduction. In specific teaching activities, first of all, teachers should be fully prepared for the early stage of sketch and have a clear learning purpose, so that art college entrance examination students can come prepared. Secondly, in the specific practice process, teachers should have a series of teaching arrangements that are easy first and then difficult step by step, and cultivate students to observe nature with a holistic view. Thirdly, teachers should stimulate students' feelings of loving life and nature through beautiful scenery, and stimulate their enthusiasm for painting with beautiful feelings. The cognitive law of pedagogy tells us that only through our own unique and true feelings can we creatively reproduce the natural beauty. Practice has proved that only by sketching from real life can candidates draw colorful and harmonious high-scoring works in the exam.
Second, promote the overall development of the local area.
1, the principle of overall relationship priority
"Overall concept" is a commonplace topic, and it is also a difficult problem to solve. A considerable number of students "see the trees but not the forest", either because the morphological structure is inaccurate or because they died when raising children, so that some of them are out of touch with the whole. The gorgeous, messy and disorderly picture, the improper handling of the relationship between reality and reality, and the disharmony of picture colors are all the results of improper handling of the whole and the part. What matters in painting is the final effect of the whole. Without the whole part, it is meaningless to be wonderful and deep. Ignoring the whole part will eventually lead to the failure of the whole painting, and giving priority to the whole relationship will add icing on the cake to the picture. The overall relationship should also pay special attention to the artistic conception of landscape painting behind color, form and technique, and taste and know more. There is a vivid feeling behind every color, every form and every technique, representing a spiritual element and a vocabulary of life. If you grasp it, you will grasp the soul of art; Mastering it, we will have our own artistic "right to speak" to show our spiritual connotation, and at the same time increase the chances of our works getting high marks. There are methods and skills to follow in training the whole relationship. For example, it is very helpful for students to do composition exercises with landscape photos and tone exercises with 16 draft.
2. Part is the cornerstone of the whole.
Although the whole is more important than the parts, the whole should be made up of parts. The vividness of local scenery directly affects the picture effect. Color landscape painting should learn some local painting methods: when learning to paint houses, it is generally to draw the volume relationship of buildings, so it is appropriate to use dry painting method, and the effect of keeping some strokes with a pen will be more massive, and we should also pay attention to the influence of different light and surrounding environment colors on the wall in the morning, middle and evening. Pay attention to the characteristics of species and shapes when drawing trees. Trees with lush foliage mainly display leaves, paying attention to natural and vivid crowns and different levels of light and shade blocks. Dead trees mainly show the shapes of trunks and branches, paying special attention to the light and shade changes of general branches, with black above and bright below. Pay attention to "water and sky are the same color" when drawing the water surface, which means that the water surface reflects the color of the sky. In addition to reflecting the color of the sky, the water surface is also the inherent color of its water. Only when it is close to color, the reflection of the scene will have the influence of its color. The reflection in the water shows a slight contrast between color and light and dark in the picture. The technique of still water is often to draw the reflection with vertical strokes first, and then draw the waterline with horizontal strokes: the perspective relationship of waterline is near width and far narrow, near length and short, near strength and far weakness. The gurgling water can be dragged over the flickering ripples with a small broken pen. When drawing the sky, it is generally bright near mountains and objects, and dark away from objects. Part of the picture can also add to the overall artistic conception of the picture. For example, the local characters in the following two paintings make the whole painting full of life interest and play a "people-oriented" role.
Third, promote development through examinations.
1, the exam is the current task.
For the majority of candidates, it is the most urgent task to deal with the entrance examination of art colleges. There are some special skills and methods to deal with the exam: first, arrange the training before the exam reasonably. Generally speaking, it is advisable to organize landscape sketching two months before the exam, enrich the color system that you are good at through real-life sketching, and improve the ability to organize pictures. Within two months before the exam, choose the common themes of college entrance examination, such as water town customs, rural scenery with houses and trees, lakes in the sunset, and combine copying and dictation. Practice color during the day and arrange sketch courses at night to achieve the best progress.
Secondly, I have a lot of ideas about the allocation of examination time. When you get the exam questions, you should arrange 10 minutes to review the questions and seriously think about the composition, color tone and final effect of the picture; It takes about 10 minutes to draft the composition and determine the positional relationship between the far, middle and near scenes and the general outline of the object. Play a big tune for about 40 to 60 minutes, and quickly draw the main theme and the relationship between cold and warm in the order from dark to bright, from main to secondary, and from back to front. Depth shaping accounts for about 2/3 of the examination time, showing the volume, space, temperature and priority of the scene in detail, so that the picture has a wonderful local depiction. The adjustment stage takes about 30 minutes, so we should look at the whole painting from a global perspective and adjust the incongruities with the whole.
Re-prepare for the exam. Prepare materials to be complete and sufficient, use your own brush, fill it with paint, and check whether the bucket leaks. For some students with poor foundation, the teacher can ask him to bring two boxes of pigments, one of which is full of pigments prepared by the teacher for the students. For each common color of drawing common scenery such as trees, houses and water, four or five different levels of colors are called out, so that students can draw the corresponding colors directly during the exam.
2. Development is a long-term goal.
Examination is a temporary goal, and future development is a long-term goal. It is very dangerous to take a surprise examination of art colleges two or three months before the exam. Even if you are lucky enough to get a score, your college life will be very hard. Therefore, it is hoped that candidates will strive to improve their basic skills in their usual color exercises and lay a solid foundation for future university study and art work.
;