Poems or comments on Historical Records 1. Poems describing historical records
Reading Feng He's Imperial Poems
Year: Song Author: Xia Song
Tao, Tang and Ming dynasties are like calendars, and Mao Qi is connected with Heaven.
Hold the right star and return the rest to the times.
Meng Ming is not lost, and South Road is prosperous.
Since then, it has been hung up for three generations and the cycle has been strengthened.
Qinyuanchun: Thoughts on Reading Historical Records
Year: Song Author: Cheng Jue
Try the sunny slope, plant more trees after the spring, and how many Chinese fir trees. Zhengtao is five days thick, and the wind in Yunxi is soft, which is easy to delay knocking. Taishi Chenggong: The more people at the bottom, the more they see the wall, and the more they lose their eyes than Qin Guan. Can Jiang get rid of the mental shackles and not send Wei?
Don't say that Tang Ju failed, let alone laugh at Qiu Ke's poverty. When Miluo woke up, Yuan Lai was drunk. It's really arrogant and fake. After all, who sealed it? When a teacher dies, he is familiar with the bed, and people are in the haze. Xindi Road, Happy Branch Scale, is a good place for the Black Dragon.
Taishigong in Dream Book Crossing Historical Records is really a dream.
Year: Song Author:
I'm exploring the secluded spot, and my avatar is in chaos.
This pen is unique, and the spring dream is flat.
Reading Biography of Historical Records
Year: Song Author: Wang Yucheng
Wei fern and Shu copper in Xishan Mountain can be found in Hehe.
Fortunately, all the sages starved to death, if there were no historical pens and so on.
2. Poems, essays, couplets and comments about Historical Records and Sima Qian.
Lu Xun: "Historians sing a swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme".
Liang Qichao praised this masterpiece as "a masterpiece through the ages". Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty said: "They all say that they use good history to make materials, obey their good order and good reason, be noble but not vulgar, be qualitative but not vulgar, write straightforwardly, have no empty core and do not hide evil, so they call it recording." Huaqiang of the Western Jin Dynasty also said: "Move the text straight and get its core."
Zhang Fu said: "The works of emigrants only talk about words and deeds, and only 500,000 words tell the story of 3,000 years." Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties said: "Chen Shou's three ambitions are just right."
Chen Shou, the author of the History of the Three Kingdoms, "People say that he has a good memory and a good history." 1. Han Dynasty Han Dynasty is the spreading period of historical records.
Yang Yun, the grandson of Sima Qian, announced the Historical Records to the society, which immediately caused great repercussions and researchers flocked to it. Yang Xiong and Ban Gu, famous scholars of Historical Records in Han Dynasty, both affirmed the spirit of Historical Records of Sima Qian.
Yang Xiong (58 BC-AD 18) was a writer and philosopher in the Western Han Dynasty. He wrote in the book "Fa Yan": "The teacher moves, saying it is recording."
"My son loves more and loves strange things." Yang Xiong was the first person to praise the spirit of Sima Qian's record.
He put forward records and love, which have been recognized by experienced people until now. Ban Gu (32-92), a historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the author of Hanshu.
Ban Gu was the first person who systematically evaluated Sima Qian in Han Dynasty. There is Biography of Sima Qian in Hanshu.
Ban Gu said in his eulogy: "Since Liu Xiang, Yang and other well-known books, they have all inspired historical masterpieces, convinced their feelings with order, argued without pomp, argued without vulgarity, wrote straightforwardly, focused on things, and beautiful without concealing evil, so they are called records." It can be said that Sima Qian's "not empty beauty, not hiding evil" can be said to be right. The world calls it, and later generations are impressed.
Sima Qian's spirit of "recording" has become a fine tradition of China's historiography. Secondly, the important contribution of historical records research in Tang Dynasty lies in annotation.
The most important works are Sima Zhen's Searching for Historical Records and Zhang Shoujie's Justice of Historical Records, together with Pei's Collection of Historical Records in the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, which are called "Three Notes on Historical Records" by later generations and become classic works of historical records annotation. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, great prose writers in the Tang Dynasty, made the greatest achievements in the study of Historical Records.
Han and Liu affirmed the literary value of Historical Records and established Sima Qian's lofty position in the history of China literature. Han Yu (768-824), the leader of the ancient prose movement, was the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Han Yu spoke highly of Sima Qian's literary talent. He said: "People in the Han Dynasty were all literate, and Tai Shigong, Liu Xiang and Yang were the best."
He thinks that the style of Sima Qian's works is "majestic and elegant". Historical Records became a sample of Han Yu's composition.
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19) is an essayist. Liu Zongyuan thinks that the articles in Historical Records are simple, concise and neat, and there is no disease of branches and vines; Naturally, it is watertight, and it is not allowed to add a word; Choose words carefully and make sentences, and you can't subtract a word.
Thirdly, the Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and Song Dynasty were the periods when a large number of Historical Records were printed and widely circulated, and there were dozens of official and folk manuscripts. The earliest and best engraving of Historical Records is that of Huang Zhanfu in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The most important contribution of the Yuan Dynasty was to adapt a large number of stories in Historical Records into operas for the people, with an amazing number of plays and screenwriters. Such famous dramas as King Zhao of Chu, Zhao's Orphan by Ji, Five Yuan Chui Xiao by Li Shouqing, Seven Ying Bu by Shang Zhongxian, Jietui by Di, Chasing Han Xin on a Moonlight in Xiao He by Jin, Mianchi Club by Gao Wenxiu, etc., have reached 65,438.
The story of Historical Records was adapted into a drama, which greatly promoted the spread of Historical Records among the people. Song people highly praised Sima Qian, and famous figures include Ma Cunzan's "Strong Patrol" and "Five-body Structure of Zheng Qiao".
Ma Cun thinks that Sima Qian likes traveling all his life and refuses to take a day off. Sima Qian's strong patrol is not a general strong patrol, but he tries his best to help me and then spits out a book.
Therefore, his articles are either outrageous or uninhibited; Or the wave of Dongting, deep and implicit; Or spring makeup, such as thick and graceful; Or the dragon and tiger leap forward, with thousands of troops. Sima Qian's family is a dragon gate and has made great contributions to God. West to Bashu, cross Jiange Bird Road; Wandering around Qilu, seeing the legacy of the son of heaven.
Therefore, the change of everything between heaven and earth can be shocking and entertaining, but it can be sad. Zi Chang takes this as an article, so Zi Chang's articles change endlessly. Zheng Qiao (1103—1162), a Fujian native, is a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zheng Qiao thought: A hundred schools of thought contend, writing books with empty words and recording the past dynasties is disorganized. The classics of Sima Qian and his son came into being, from the Yellow Emperor to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and were compiled into a book, which was divided into five parts: calendar year, family generation, desk calendar, documentary events and people.
After one hundred generations, historians can't change laws, and scholars can't change books. After six classics, there is only this book.
It can be seen that Zheng Zhui spoke highly of Historical Records. Fourthly, the study of Historical Records began to flourish in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it became prosperous in the Qing Dynasty.
A large number of outstanding scholars emerged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, who praised Sima Qian's personality and the achievements of Historical Records. Jin Shengtan (1608— 166 1), an outstanding critic in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was a keen and versatile intellectual.
He regarded Historical Records as one of the "books of six talents" and commented on Historical Records with more than 90 prefaces. He praised Sima Qian many times in his comments on Water Margin and The West Chamber, and published many insightful opinions.
He said: "forbearance is the heart of Shi Gong's life." Commenting on the Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Chu, Sima Qian said that he "borrowed their lives to make me cry."
Jin Shengtan is Sima Qian's confidant. His discussion on the relationship between Historical Records and novels is unique.
"The method of" Water Margin "comes from" Historical Records ",and" Water Margin "is unique and obviously a biography." Zhang, a native, even bluntly said: "Jin Ping Mei is a historical record.
It can be seen that Historical Records has a wide influence on later novel writing skills. Qian (1582— 1664) was born in Changshu, Jiangsu in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
He used to be a minister of rites, and his poems were very famous. He said in Wu Zhai's Travel Collection: "Sima's historical records are based on his thousands of years of talents, pioneering knowledge and admiration."
He believes that the five-body structure founded by Sima Qian has become a sample for historians to compile history, and its contribution is "like the star of the sun"! Zhang Xuecheng (1738— 180 1) was a historian and thinker in Qing Dynasty. He was another outstanding historical critic after Liu Zhiji in the Tang Dynasty.
He is studying history.
3. Comment on the famous sayings in Historical Records
Although Bao Ren An Shu wrote back to a friend, there were not many sentences that directly answered the contents of the friend's letter.
The whole article is about expressing anger, complaining grievances, arguing and expressing one's will. This is a work with blood and tears and deep indignation. In this article, Sima Qian put forward a famous life motto, "People are inherently mortal, or they are heavier than Mount Tai, or lighter than a feather, so use them differently".
He believes that in order to realize their ideals and beliefs, people with lofty ideals should either die generously or bear the burden of humiliation, die meaningfully and live worthily. It is more important to die for lofty ideals and beliefs than Mount Tai; Giving up the pursuit of life is as light as a feather.
The choice of "life" or "death" should take the realization of life value as the ultimate goal. This view fully shows his respect for the right to life and embodies his unremitting pursuit of realizing the value of life.
And he himself practiced his life motto. At the critical moment of life and death, he resolutely endured humiliation to survive, "put to death (corruption) without being sad." In order to inherit his father's unfinished business and realize his ideals and beliefs, he survived tenaciously and finally completed the writing of Historical Records, leaving a poem named Poet of Historians for future generations.
4. What poems describe historical records?
1. Qinyuan Chundu Historical Records
Song Dynasty: Bi Cheng
Try the sunny slope, plant more trees after the spring, and how many Chinese fir trees. Zhengtao is five days thick, and the wind in Yunxi is soft, which is easy to delay knocking. Taishi Chenggong: The more people at the bottom, the more they see the wall, and the more they lose their eyes than Qin Guan. Can Jiang get rid of the mental shackles and not send Wei?
Don't say that Tang Ju failed, let alone laugh at Qiu Ke's poverty. When Miluo woke up, Yuan Lai was drunk. It's really arrogant and fake. After all, who sealed it? When a teacher dies, he is familiar with the bed, and people are in the haze. Xindi Road, Happy Branch Scale, is a good place for the Black Dragon.
2. Historical quotations
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
A sly rabbit died.
Good dogs can cook.
The tall bird is exhausted.
Okay, arch skin.
Break the enemy.
The consultant is dead.
3. Historical records quote proverbs
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
The dead are alive.
The living are worth it.
Peng Sheng Ma Zhong
Don't help yourself.
White sand is in the mud.
All black.
Strength is contemptible.
Wisdom is behind.
4. Century Yi Shi
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
The population is prosperous.
Those who lose people collapse.
5. Two Gong Fanghu songs by Li Deyu.
Tang Dynasty: Zhuo Zhen
Qiu can find the time shift. The emblem string is hidden, and the wind and moon help ascend.
Glorious Green Oil Ride, Zhang Bai Gao Yin Xue. Only praise beauty, good historical records of Wang Zhen.
Quietly facing the misty waves, I still remembered Dong Yuqing. Wolong is empty, and birds are lonely.
The valley is endless and uneven. It is advisable to carve music stones to refresh Qingcheng Mountain.
At present, only these songs are related to historical records, and the rest are ancient books.
5. Evaluation of historical records
The birth of Historical Records is an important event in the cultural history of China. In the Outline of the History of China Literature, Mr. Lu Xun praised Historical Records as "a masterpiece of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme" in order to know what to say. As far as the specific development of China's historiography is concerned, Historical Records has contributed a lot.
First, establish an excellent general history school. Historical Records is the first general history masterpiece in the history of Chinese historiography. It is no exaggeration to say that it is the most brilliant achievement in the history of ancient historiography in China, or that it is the most brilliant achievement in the history of ancient historiography in China in the world. This, as long as compared with the history of Herodotus, will be very clear. It is precisely because historical records can be written into a book, which sets a precedent and an example, so people who follow this genre to compile and edit history have begun. The style of general historians has always influenced the research and writing of modern historiography.
Secondly, the independent position of historiography was established. In ancient China, historiography was included in the category of Confucian classics and had no independent status. Therefore, Liu Xin's Seven Outlooks and Ban Gu's Records of Literature and Art both attached the books of the History Department to the Spring and Autumn Annals. Since Sima Qian compiled Historical Records, there have been more and more specialized historical works. Therefore, in order to meet the new requirements, Xun Xu in Jin Dynasty divided the ancient books into four parts: Part A recorded the Six Arts Primary School, Part B recorded the martial arts of various schools, Part C recorded the historical records of emperors, and Part D recorded poems. As a result, historiography has gained an independent position in the academic field of China. Thinking about the source of drinking water should be attributed to Sima Qian and his Historical Records.
Third, the establishment of the literary tradition of historical biography. Sima Qian's literary accomplishment is profound, and his artistic means are particularly ingenious. Often, some extremely complicated facts are handled in a very proper and orderly manner, and then they are far-sighted, knowledgeable, vivid in words, tempered in brushwork, full of feelings, handy and vivid in image, which makes people "exclaim and clap their hands, I don't know why." (The Beauty of Rong Zhai's Essays and Historical Records)
Historical Records is not only a master of China's historical biographical literature, but also has a great influence on Wei-Jin novels, Tang-Song ancient prose and even Song-Yuan operas, and has become an important source of China literature.
Of course, Sima Qian's highest ideal in compiling Historical Records is to "understand the changes of ancient and modern times and become a unified statement when studying the relationship between heaven and man." Is to establish an all-encompassing system of historical philosophy. A detailed study of Historical Records will leave us with a deeper understanding.
6. Evaluation of historical records
Historical Records is a biographical history book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is the first biographical general history in the history of China, and is listed as the first of the "Twenty-four History", which records the history from the legendary Huangdi era to the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty for four years and more than three thousand years.
Historical Records had a far-reaching influence on the development of later historiography and literature. His original biographical method of compiling history was passed down by the "official history" of later generations. At the same time, Historical Records, as an excellent literary work, has an important position in the history of China literature. It is praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians", which has no rhyme with Li Sao and has high literary value. Liu Xiang and others think that this book is "good in order and reason, argumentative but not flashy, qualitative but not vulgar". -Common sense literature.