Shao Kang's rejuvenation:
After the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Qi indulged in debauchery and indulged in "excessive enjoyment", forgetting the difficulties of starting a business for a long time and not seeking future development. After the death of Qi, five brothers, such as his sons Taikang and Zhong Kang, competed for the throne, which led to the "Five Views Chaos". At this time, Hou Yi, the leader of the poor clan, took advantage of the general dissatisfaction of the people and quickly captured the capital of Xia, which led to the exile of Taikang and Zhong Kang. Taikang died in exile, and Hou Yi later "replaced Xia Zheng with Xia Min", and the Xia Dynasty fell into a desperate situation. History calls this incident "Taikang lost his country".
After Taikang lost his country, his son Shao Kang grew up in a matriarchal family, and with the help of the old ministers of the Xia Dynasty, he "recovered the merits of Yu" and rebuilt the Xia Dynasty. History calls this process "Shao Kang Zhongxing". In a sense, the Xia Dynasty really moved towards stability and development after the restoration of Shao Kang.
Shang dynasty:
Wu Ding ZTE:
After "Pan Geng moved to Yin", the political situation was gradually stable and the social economy was prosperous, which laid the foundation for the development in the late Shang Dynasty.
Wu Ding is the son of Pan Geng's younger brother Xiao Yi. After that, there were Pan Geng, Xiao Xindi, Xiao Xindi and Xiao B. After Xiao B's death, Wu Ding became king. Wu Ding reigned for 59 years. He was a famous "King of Zhongxing" with outstanding achievements and was honored as the emperor after his death.
Zhou dynasty:
Cheng Kang's rules:
During the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, Zhou Chengwang and Zhou Kangwang ruled for more than 40 years, forming a stable and powerful political situation. After the completion of Zhoucheng, the eastern capital, Zhou Gong, the assistant minister, regained power as king in order to subdue stubborn businessmen, and the Zhou Dynasty entered a period of consolidation. Wang Cheng and his son, King Kang, inherited the achievements of King Wen and King Wu. They are frugal and restrain their desire to ease class contradictions. It also achieved the rites and music of the Duke of Zhou, that is, the establishment and implementation of various laws and regulations of the dynasty, and the large-scale implementation of the enfeoffment system since Zhou Wuwang. The enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty established the local administrative system under the control of the Zhou Emperor with the patriarchal clan system as the link, which played a role in strengthening the rule of the Zhou Dynasty in a certain period of time. The enfeoffment system also provided an important premise for maintaining the emergence of the ritual system of emperor, minister, Qing, doctor and scholar. Cheng Kang's governors were directly controlled by the central government. During the period of Kang Wang, Zhou also ordered the vassals to conquer and spread to the East and strengthen their control over foreign countries. The Cheng Kang period was the most prosperous stage of the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the world is at peace, and the instruments of torture have not been used for more than 40 years, which is known as the successful rule.
Wang Xuan ZTE:
During Zhou Liwang's time, politics declined. He appointed Rong as a noble official, practiced "patent", dedicated the interests of all things in the world to the king, and unified the profits of mountains, rivers, trees and forests to the royal family, which aggravated the exploitation of the people. This has seriously damaged the interests of the rising middle and small aristocrats and the general public, and caused strong dissatisfaction among Chinese people. When people accuse Li Wang of his tyrannical behavior, "When the king is angry, he will protect the witch, so that the slanderer will die if he tells him. The Chinese dare not speak, and the road will be based on the eyes." At that time, people of insight in the Zhou Dynasty, such as Rui, Zhao Mugong and others, were worried and remonstrated with Li Jin. It is said that Mu Gong used to "defend the people's population" more than defending Sichuan. The reason why the river will collapse and more people will be injured is to persuade Li Wang to say it. However, Li Guowang was stubborn, refused to listen to any suggestions and continued to implement brutal policies.
Before 842, China people and some officials, nobles and soldiers rioted and attacked Li Wang. Li Wang fled to Bi (now Huoxian County, Shanxi Province), and Jing Wang hid at home and was surrounded by Chinese people. Zhao bus gave his son to replace the prince, which made Prince Jing free. China people's uprising is an action involving a wide range of social classes, which is a fatal blow to Li's tyrannical rule. Li is hiding, afraid to return to Beijing. In this case, the affairs of state are managed by patriotic princes, which are called "politics" in history. * * * and fourteen years (828 BC), "Li died in the Sui Dynasty, * * *" was honored by his ministers.
Zhou Xuanwang experienced the social storm of people's riots in China until he succeeded to the throne. King Xuan was awed by the strength of China people, and earnestly warned officials "Don't try to save money from ordinary people, don't dare to insult widows" and "Don't dare to indulge in wine". The key point of Wang Xuan's administration is to change Li Wang's high-handed policy towards the people, so as to consolidate the Zhou Dynasty. During the reign of Wang Xuan, the war to conquer the die-hards won a great victory, and it has been attacking Pingliang area in Gansu. Wang Xuan also made many expeditions to the south. The conquest of Jianghan area was led by Zhao Bohu and achieved many victories. In order to deal with Xirong, Zhou Xuanwang appointed Qin Zhong, the leader of Qin family, as a doctor. After Qin Zhong was killed by Xirong, Wang Xuan sent 7000 reinforcements to help Qin Zhong's son and finally defeated Xirong. The victory of these wars brought prosperity to the Zhou Dynasty. However, during the period of Wang Xuan, various social contradictions still existed and continued to develop. In the last few years in Wang Xuan, foreign wars failed one after another. With the death of Xuan Wang, his "Zhongxing" performance has become a thing of the past.
Western Han dynasty:
Wenjing's law:
The rule of Wenjing was a prosperous time for Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi in the Western Han Dynasty for about 40 years, with stable politics and remarkable economic development.
Liu Heng is the fourth son of Liu Bang, and his mother is Ji Bo. In the eleventh year of Gao (BC 196), he became the acting king. In BC 180, Lv Hou died and Zhu Lu made an insurrection. Prime Minister, Qiu, Zhu, and other imperial clan ministers ruled Zhu Lu and made him emperor for 23 years. Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is the prince of Wendi, and his mother is Queen Dou. He ascended the throne in 157 BC and reigned in 16.
After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu, Hui Di and Lv Hou all devoted themselves to agricultural production and stabilized the feudal ruling order, and achieved remarkable results. After Emperor Wenjing ascended the throne one after another, on this basis, he took further measures to ease taxes and share interest with the people, which is called "the rule of Wenjing" in history.
Zhao Xuanzhongxing:
After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his youngest son, Fu Ling, succeeded him as Emperor Zhao, who reigned for 13 years. In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), Liu Heli, the king of Changyi, was deposed by Huo Guang, the general, and the son of Emperor Wudi was proclaimed emperor. He was Xuan Di, who reigned for 25 years. Zhao Xuanchao adopted the policy of "emphasizing knowledge and action, neglecting taxes, and recuperating", which restored and developed the social economy and eased social contradictions. Zhao Xuan was known as "Zhao Xuan Zhongxing" because of its clear political suburbs, stable society, harmonious ethnic relations and developed economy.
Eastern Han dynasty:
Guangwu Zhongxing:
Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the grandson of Emperor Gaozu IX, and his father Liu Qin was the county magistrate of Nanton. Liu Xiuceng entered imperial academy to study Shangshu. At the end of the new period, under the persuasion of Li Tong for three years, Di Huang opposed Wang Mang with his brother Ada, and later joined the outlaw hero. In 25 years, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. In order to strengthen the rule, Liu Xiu took a series of measures to consolidate the rule and resume production, so that the Han regime began to flourish again, which was called "Rongxing" in history.
Zhang Ming rule:
Zhang Ming's rule refers to the rule of Emperor Han Ming and Zhang Han in the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. At that time, the policy of relaxing the rule of the country and supporting the people was adopted, which made their rule a rare period in the history of Ming Chengzu, with clean administration, economic development and social stability.
Southern and Northern Dynasties:
The rule of Yuanjia:
After the death of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, the eldest son Liu Yifu acceded to the throne. Two years later, Minister Xu Xianzhi and others killed Liu Yifu and established Liu Yilong, the third son of Emperor Wu of Song, who was known as Song Wendi in history. Song Wendi continued to implement Emperor Wu of Song's general plan of governing the country, cleaned up the household registration on the basis of losing land in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, ordered the people to forgive the "rent debt" owed to the government, and implemented a series of measures such as encouraging students to study, developing agriculture, and recruiting talents, so that the people could farm and live, social production developed, and economy and culture became increasingly prosperous. Therefore, "in the past 30 years, I have been generous in self-protection, and in the year of Fu, I have given it a gift. Going out in the morning and returning at dusk is just self-worry. " "People have relations, and officials have no income. Home is enough for people, that is, although things are difficult, turning ditches can be avoided. Where there are hundreds of families, there are cities, songs and dances, and groups of people contact each other, covering the prosperity of the Song Dynasty. " The reign of Yuanjia in Song Wendi (424-453) was the most powerful historical period in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was called "the rule of Yuanjia" in history.
Sui dynasty:
Rule of opening the emperor
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the founding emperor of Sui Dynasty, initiated the system of three provinces and six departments in order to unify China, revised the Law of Imperial Warehousing, established granaries, and promulgated the order of land equalization, which initiated the rule of Imperial Warehousing. Sui Gaozu carefully managed, and the Sui Dynasty quickly became strong. He not only accomplished the great cause of reunifying China, but also made the Sui Dynasty a powerful country with stable political power, social stability, sharp increase in household registration, rapid increase in reclamation, abundant savings, developed culture, strong armour and extraordinary prestige. Later generations generally praised the reign of Sui Gaozu as "the reign of the emperor".
Tang dynasty:
Rule of Zhenguan:
When Emperor Taizong Li Shimin was emperor, his title was Zhenguan. During the Zhenguan period (AD 627-649), Emperor Taizong learned the lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty and governed the country with his heart. He implemented many enlightened policies and measures to benefit the country and the people, consolidated the political power of the Tang Dynasty, restored and developed the social economy, and created a relatively stable and peaceful social environment. Historians call this period "chastity rule".
Emperor Taizong knew that to achieve political clarity, we must be good at employing people and listen to opinions widely. So as long as talented people, regardless of their origins, can be reused by him. Wei Zhi dared to make suggestions directly to Emperor Taizong. Even if Emperor Taizong was angry, he would not give in. When Wei Zhi died of illness, Taizong cried and said that using copper as a mirror can tidy up clothes and hats; Take history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall; Taking people as a mirror can distinguish right from wrong. Wei Zhi died, and I lost a mirror.
Emperor Taizong took many measures, such as merging counties to save money; Let farmers own certain land; Reduce the labor burden and ensure the production time of farmers. These measures are very popular. Emperor Taizong quoted the ancients as saying that the emperor is a ship and the people are water. The knife cuts bread and fingers.
Emperor Taizong adopted a more enlightened national policy, which won the support of all ethnic groups. All ethnic groups in the north revere him as "Great Khan". Emperor Taizong also married Princess Wencheng to the Tubo King, which made the Sino-Tibetan ethnic relations more friendly and intimate and contributed to the stability of China's multi-ethnic country.
The rules of the eternal badge:
A period of prosperity during the reign of Tang Gaozong and Li Zhi. Tang Gaozong reigned for thirty-four years (649-683), and the first six years were marked with an eternal national emblem. At the beginning of his reign, Emperor Gaozong continued to implement various political and economic systems formulated by Emperor Taizong, assisting Li Ji, Sun Qiang Wuji and Chu Suiliang. They all remember the last wish of Emperor Taizong and stick to it. Emperor Taizong instructed coachable people to love their people. When Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he announced to his ministers: "If something is inconvenient to the people, follow it. If it is not enough, it will be sealed. " On the other hand, he quoted the secretariat into the cabinet and asked the people about their sufferings; Emperor Taizong instructed him to respect frugality, and Emperor Gaozong immediately issued a letter: "Those who offer eagles, dogs and horses are guilty of crimes from Beijing officials and other States." The ministers of Emperor Gaozong obeyed the instructions of Emperor Taizong, so during the reign of Yong Zhengdi, the frontier was stable (repelling the attack of the West Turkic), and the people's Fuan (the population increased from less than 3 million to 3.8 million during the Zhenguan period) had a legacy of Zhenguan, which was called "the rule of Yonghui" in history.
Kaiyuan event:
Kaiyuan (AD 7 13-74 1) was the title of Li Longji in the early reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. From the early years of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan to the last years of Kaiyuan, after more than 100 years of accumulation, the Tang Dynasty appeared a scene of all-round prosperity, which was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan" in history.
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, also known as Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty, is the grandson of Wu Zetian. When he became emperor, he was determined to inherit the career of Emperor Taizong, appoint talents, accept the correct opinions of ministers and manage the country carefully.
In the first 20 years of Emperor Xuanzong's rule, the Tang Dynasty showed a prosperous scene. Du Fu, a great poet, described it like this in his poem "Remembering the Past": "Looking back at the heyday of Kaiyuan, there were still thousands of families in the small town. Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are rich. " In the heyday of Kaiyuan, even small counties had tens of thousands of families. Agriculture has been bumper harvest year after year, grain is piled up in public and private warehouses, and people's lives are very rich.
During the Kaiyuan period, the society was stable, the world was peaceful and the commercial traffic was developed. Yangzhou is located at the intersection of the Canal and the Yangtze River, where Chinese and foreign businessmen gather and the city is particularly prosperous. Chang 'an, Tang Dou is very lively. Ambassadors, businessmen, scholars and craftsmen from many countries in the world rushed to the Tang Dynasty for friendly exchanges, trade and learning culture and technology. China's feudal society experienced unprecedented prosperity, which is the famous "Kaiyuan Shengshi" in history.
Yuanhe ZTE:
After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty was badly weakened and turned from prosperity to decline. At this time, the land equalization system has gradually disintegrated, and the phenomenon of land merger has become increasingly serious, so the rent adjustment system cannot be implemented. The separatist situation in the buffer zone has been formed.
In Tang Daizong, Ada reformed the salt law and improved the country's financial situation. Tang Dezong appointed Yang Yan as the prime minister, and in the first year of Jianzhong (780), two tax laws were implemented, and land tax was levied in summer and autumn. Tang Dezong also tried to pacify San Francisco, but it caused the rebellion of Zhu Tao, Li Xilie and Zhu Zhi. The result was a disaster. The war lasted for five years. In the end, although Zhu Qi and Li Xilie were defeated, the Tang Dynasty compromised with other provinces on the condition that the titles of kings were abolished and the imperial court recognized their local sovereignty. Since then, the separatist situation has further deepened.
Since then, there have been foreign invasions such as Tubo, Uighur and Nanzhao in the Tang Dynasty, and eunuchs took power, and the abolition of imperial military power and even the emperor was decided by eunuchs. Our local government has the right to manage independently of the central government. After Tang Dezong's death, Tang Shunzong, who succeeded to the throne, tried to carry out reforms, threatening the interests of eunuchs. Therefore, after Yongzhen Neichan, he was supported by eunuchs and ascended the throne, relying on the imperial power to make all the provinces in the country submit to the Tang Dynasty at least nominally, which was called Yuan and Zhongxing in history.
Huichang Zhongxing:
At the end of Xian Zong's reign, factional disputes among ministers, led by Niu Sengru and Li Deyu, intensified, and eunuchs were more powerful. Niu Party and Li Party came to power one after another.
In the ninth year of Taihe (835), Tang Wenzong, Li Xun and Zheng Zhu launched the Ganlu Rebellion, and their plot to kill eunuchs failed. After the change of manna, eunuchs joined forces; The vassal only used the forces of the buffer region to confront the forces of the eunuchs, and buried the direct conflict between the buffer region and the eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty.
After the death of Wenzong, Tang Wuzong succeeded to the throne and established Jianyuan Huichang. With the support of eunuch Chou Shiliang, Wu Zong succeeded to the throne after factional struggle. Shiliang Zhou, the eunuch who supported Wu Zong, had to personally handle the affairs of state affairs for Wu Zong in view of the numerous factions in the court. Wu Zong reused Li Deyu, the leader of the Li Party, and cut Shiliang Zhou's power. Wuzong has made a series of achievements in revitalizing the imperial court, which is known as Huichang Zhongxing in history.
Ming dynasty:
Yongle Shi Sheng:
After four years of war, Judy, the prince of Yan, finally sat in the dragon chair and became the emperor of Daming. Although the hands of the emperor who came to power by virtue of the coup were covered with blood, judging from his achievements in governing the country, he was still an emperor worthy of recognition. Ming Chengzu was also a rare successful emperor in the history of the Ming Dynasty.
Ming Chengzu sent Zheng He, the eunuch of Sanbao, to the Western Ocean, which communicated the eastern and western worlds at that time. It should be regarded as/kloc-China's reform and opening up in the 5th century. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Ocean promoted economic exchanges, publicized the national prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and wasted a lot of money.
During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, the civil service system was improved. In Ming Taizu, due to the abolition of the prime minister system, the emperor directly led six departments, so the emperor had to deal with every detail himself, which made the emperor very tired. In the Ming Dynasty, the embryonic form of cabinet system was gradually formed in the court. This system influenced the Ming and Qing dynasties, and even was used for reference by European countries.
In addition, Ming Chengzu was overjoyed and ordered people to compile Yongle Dadian. This is an encyclopedic classic. It contains all the classic books since the pre-Qin period, which can be said to be an encyclopedia. Such ancient books objectively back up those ancient books, so that many books will not be lost.
142 1 year, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty officially moved to Beijing. Since then, Beijing has been the political center of China. Ming Chengzu reigned for 22 years and was called "Yongle Shi Sheng".
Rules of kindness and openness:
It was after Judy in Ming Taizu that Zhu Gaochi in Ming Taizu and Zhu Zhanji in Ming Taizu adopted the policy of relaxing the rule of the country and supporting the people, which led to a rare period of clean government, economic development and social stability.
Qing dynasty:
Anti-sense Shi Sheng:
From the middle period of Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty appeared a relatively prosperous situation, and the national strength of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak during Yongzheng and Qianlong years. This period, which spanned over 130 years, was the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, so China historians called the period of Kang, Yong and Gan "the prosperous time of Kang and Gan".
"Prosperity of Kang Gan" is mainly reflected in population growth. In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), the national population exceeded 1 100 million, and in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), it exceeded 300 million. Some people attribute this to the diligence of the Qing rulers; However, the main reason is that high-yield crops such as sweet potato and corn introduced in the late Ming Dynasty were popularized throughout the country.
During this period, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty closed their doors to the outside world, which prevented the western learning from spreading to the east in the late Ming Dynasty. A "literary prison" was launched internally. Therefore, some people think that it is the "prosperous period of Kanggan" that seriously hinders the development of China society and makes China lag behind the West, which is not commendable.