"Zhou", "Yi Lun" written by Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, believes that "Zhou" means "Zhou Pu", which means being prepared for everything and starting again and again. Kong Yingda's "Book of Changes of Changes" of the Tang Dynasty believed that "Zhou" refers to the place name of Qiyang and is the name of the Zhou Dynasty. Some people believe that the "Book of Changes" was popular in the Zhou Dynasty, so it is called "Book of Changes". Others believe that the "Book of Changes" was written by King Wen of Zhou Dynasty based on the record in "Historical Records" that "King Wen was restrained and performed the Book of Changes". However, in several earlier documents, such as "The Analects", "Zhuangzi", and "Zuo Zhuan", the "Book of Changes" is only called "Yi". The name "Zhouyi" first appeared in "Zhouli"; however, "Zhouyi" 》 era, scholars are still controversial. Therefore, as far as the literature is concerned, "Zhou" should be added later. If we look at the system of "Zhou Li", the names of "Three Yis" do not have dynasty names, so "Zhou" in "Zhou Yi" is interpreted as "Zhou Pu" and the other two divination books, which are relatively consistent. However, whether there was "Lianshan" in the Xia Dynasty and whether there was "Gui Zang" in the Shang Dynasty are still questions. The two books are probably also phenomena mentioned in the "accumulation theory of ancient history". So it is relatively certain that the "Book of Changes" or "Book of Changes" was originally called "Yi". It is said that the birthplace of "The Book of Changes" is Anyang City, which is now a world heritage city. Youli City is located 10 kilometers south of Anyang City. The most basic element of the Yi Gua system is the concept of Yin and Yang, which includes the nature and state of Yin and Yang. If we ignore the status of Yin and Yang and only discuss their properties, we can use Yang Yao (-) and Yin Yao (--) to represent Yin and Yang. By overlapping the above yin and yang lines three times from bottom to top, the eight basic hexagrams of "Qian, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen, Dui" are formed, which are called the Ba Jing hexagrams. By overlapping the Eight Classics hexagrams in pairs, you can get six levels of Yi hexagrams. There are sixty-four hexagrams in total. These sixty-four hexagrams are called sixty-four different hexagrams. Each hexagram has a specific name. . If we consider the status of yin and yang again, the concept of yin and yang is further divided into four situations: "old yin, old yang, shaoyin, shaoyang" (also known as "taiyin, sun, shaoyin, shaoyang"). You can use "X ,O,--,-," the four symbols represent them respectively. There may be four yin and yang states in each position of each of the sixty-four different hexagrams, so the entire Yi hexagram system has 4096 different hexagrams. If the hexagrams with the same yin and yang qualities are put together, sixty-four sub-systems with the same main hexagram and hexagram name will be formed, which can be called a certain hexagram system. The content of the explanatory text of the Book of Changes in the Book of Changes is the explanation of the symbolic meaning of some of the Yi hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagram system and the corresponding judgments of good and bad fortunes in personnel (called divination). The first content of each hexagram system is the interpretation of the corresponding Quanjing hexagram, and the following six content (there are seven in the Qiankun hexagram system) are the interpretation of the corresponding hexagrams of a line in the corresponding hexagram system arranged in sequence. Yi studies after the Qin and Han Dynasties all had wrong or vague understandings of this. Divination and the book "Book of Changes" originated from the practice of oracle bone divination. Perhaps in the late Yin and Shang Dynasties, King Wen of Zhou wrote the hexagrams of the sixty-four hexagram series. Later, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius's disciples inherited Confucius' discovery of the Book of Changes and wrote the "Book of Changes". When the First Emperor of Qin burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, Li Si listed them as medical divination books and survived. The invention of the method of using Bagua to predict information in the "Book of Changes" is a true reflection of the materialistic worldview of our people. They are practicing and harmoniously understanding society, transforming society, and promoting the continuous development of society. Therefore, Yi Gua and "Book of Changes" are a large amount of information database. "The Book of Changes" has gone through thousands of years of vicissitudes and has become the root of Chinese culture. Yi Dao emphasizes the mutual interaction of yin and yang, the harmony of hardness and softness, and advocates continuous self-improvement and virtuous conduct. In the history of five thousand years of civilization, the reason why the Chinese nation has been able to withstand many calamities for a long time, never give up in the face of many difficulties, can only recover from decline, and continue to develop and grow, the roots of which are passed down to this day, are closely related to our nation. To grasp the difficult issues encountered in daily life that are closely related to the era of Yidao spirit, we do not turn to idols for help, but use the scientific method of predicting the past and present information through the Eight Diagrams to predict the relevant information of good and bad luck in nature and human affairs, and do everything right. Know what you have in mind and be prepared for any danger, so you can be more alert. "Book of Changes" is an ancient and splendid cultural treasure. The ancients used it to predict the future, make decisions on national affairs, reflect current phenomena, measure the sky above, the earth below, and personnel affairs. However, this is just a means that the ancients relied on before they mastered the scientific method, and it is not real science. Although some understandings are consistent with science, it is because this understanding happens to be scientifically reasonable, but it cannot be said to be scientific. It can only be regarded as a culture. At present, there is still no significant progress in the exploration of principles in the study of Yi in my country. Theoretical research is stagnant, thinking is confused, and practical applications tend to tend towards mysticism. The above situation has seriously distorted the academic status of Yi Studies, hindered the healthy development of Chinese Yi Studies, and obscured the true value of Yi Studies. "The Book of Changes" is the classic that best embodies Chinese culture. It believes that all things in the world develop and change, and the basic elements of change are Yin (--) and Yang (-). "The Book of Changes·Xici" says: "One Yin One yang is called the Tao. "The myriad forms and changes of all things in the world are the result of the interaction of yin and yang. The object of study in "The Book of Changes" is the three talents of heaven, earth and man, and man is the fundamental one. Each of the three talents has yin and yang, so the six lines of the Book of Changes form the sixty-four hexagrams. Just like "Shuo Gua": "The way of establishing heaven is called yin and yang, the way of establishing earth is called softness and hardness, and the way of establishing people is called benevolence and righteousness. The three talents are combined into two, so the six paintings in "Yi" are divided into hexagrams. Yin is divided into Yang, and hardness and softness are alternately used, so the "Yi" is composed of six parts.
"Qian is the hexagram of pure yang, and Kun is the hexagram of pure yin. Qiankun is the general representative of yin and yang, and it is also the root of yin and yang. Confucius said in "Xici" that "the gate of the change of Qiankun is the evil", "the change of Qiankun is the essence of it" "Evil". "Yi Wei Qian Chi Du" said: "Qian and Kun are the foundation of Yin and Yang and the ancestor of all things. "The order of the classics of the "Book of Changes" in the general edition is based on the order of the "Xu Gua", headed by the two hexagrams Qian and Kun. The opening line of "Xici" says: "Heaven is superior and earth is humble, and the universe is fixed." The humble and the high are in the same position, the noble and the humble. Movement and stillness are constant, hardness and softness are broken. "Wenyan" is a biography that specifically discusses the virtues of the hexagrams of Qian and Kun, and extends the virtues of Qian and Kun to the category of humanistic morality. It shows that Qian and Kun are the two most important hexagrams in the "Book of Changes" and are also the core of the yin and yang philosophy of the "Book of Changes" Basics. Explanation of "Yi" 1. "Yi" is named after lizard, which is a pictographic character. This word comes from Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi"; and lizards can change colors and are commonly known as "chameleons", so the meaning of "Yi" is "Yi". , is the extended meaning of lizard. 2. It must be pointed out that the understanding of "Yi" in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be based on the reform of the ritual and music system in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ritual refers to the order of leisure, and Yi means elegant music. It is for the ruling class to control the people and maintain it. The means and tools of the patriarchal system. The "Book of Changes" preserves the framework of the "symphony" of bells and drums in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The bells and tripods are unimaginable in the lower class society of the Western Zhou Dynasty. 3. The sun and the moon are the symbols of change. 4. The sunrise is the symbol of the yin and yang. Yi. Chen Guying believes that this meaning is also the original meaning of "Qian". 5. Yi is the name of divination. 6. Change means that everything in the world is constantly changing, so "Book of Changes" teaches people to face changes. book. 7. Transaction, that is, the mutual changes of yin and yang, yang and yin, as shown in the general Tai Chi diagram. 8. Yi' is the "Tao", the eternal truth, even if things follow. Time and space change, but the eternal Tao remains unchanged. "Xici Zhuan": "Life is called change." (Life is endless, the meaning of life is to create the life of the universe.) Experience the beauty of life, new and new. .) In the records of "Taibu" in "Zhou Li", there is also a statement in "Three Changes"; "Three Changes" refers to "Lianshan", "Guizang" and "Zhouyi", the accounts of three different dynasties. It is said that "Lianshan" is the divination book of the Xia Dynasty, "Guizang" is the divination book of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and "Zhouyi" is the divination book of the Zhou Dynasty. One name has three meanings: one is easy, the other is easy, and the other three are difficult. "This sentence summarizes the three meanings of Yi: "simple", "changing" and "constant". That is to say, the existence of things in the universe can be 1) in accordance with nature, showing the two meanings of Yi and Jian. 2) It is always changing; 3) It also maintains a kind of constancy. As the "Book of Songs" says, "the sun rises and the moon rises" or "is as constant as the moon, as the sun rises", the movement of the sun and the moon shows a certain consistency. This kind of non-artificial nature is simple; its position and shape change from time to time, which is change; however, it always comes out in the east and falls in the west, which is "not easy". The "jing" in the "Book of Changes" refers to the classics. Works. Confucianism regards "Book of Changes", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites" and "Spring and Autumn" as the "Five Classics". As mentioned above, "Jing" was a title added later to honor these books. It turns out that the "Five Classics" are only called "Yi", "Poetry", "Book", "Li" and "Spring and Autumn" [edit this paragraph] The principle comes from the "Simplified Tao Te Ching", Zhou means thoughtfulness and perfection, and Yi means movement. The meaning of change is fruitless. When Taihao Fuxi created the simple diagram, he arranged the simple symbols (the yin and yang symbols of the current Bagua diagram) into a circle, which illustrates that Zhou and Yi are the main components of the Zhouyi. It is not the inheritance of the Zhou Dynasty, but the Zhou Dynasty or the surname Zhou inherited the perfect "Zhou" character in the "Simplified Tao Te Ching". Undoubtedly, the Zhou character of Zhouyi replaced the simple character "Zhou", which is the change of all things in nature. The fundamental phenomenon of Yi. It is endless and fruitful, which shows that Yi is the change of things. Every change of things has a certain result. This is what "Jian Zhi Zhou" and "Zhou Zhi Yi" illustrate. Zhou belongs to Jian, and Yi belongs to Zhou. With the arrangement of father and son, it becomes: "Jian Zhou Yi", "seeking the results of thousands of things, and understanding the phenomena of thousands of thoughts", which shows that the "Jian Diagram" is. A detection tool for judgment and reasoning. [Edit this paragraph] Origin Regarding the writing of "Book of Changes", "Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi" said: "The Book of Changes is profound, and the people have three saints, and the world has experienced three ancient times." Most accepted by Han Confucian scholars, "Zhouyi Qianzhedu" says: "Xi was the one who promoted the emperor's policy, Wen was the one who benefited from the hexagrams, and Kong Ye was the one who became famous." In short, the theory of "Three Saints" and "Three Ancients" is that. : In ancient times, the mythical beast "Dragon Horse" appeared in the Yellow River that reaches the sky, and its back was covered with magical patterns. The sage Fuxi copied it, looked up at the astronomy, looked down at the geography, and made "Bagua"; in the Middle Ages, Ji Chang was killed by Zhou Imprisoned in Youli, he realized the principles of yin and yang in the relationship between heaven and earth, changed the eight trigrams into sixty-four hexagrams, and composed hexagrams and lines, that is, "King Wen was detained and performed the "Book of Changes""; in the ancient times, Confucius liked "Yi" and sighed. The rituals collapsed and the music collapsed, so ten chapters of "Yi Zhuan" were written. Before the Song Dynasty, there were many doubts about those who repeated the hexagrams. One person, Wang Bi, believed that Fuxi's hexagrams were rewritten into sixty-four hexagrams, and the other was that Zheng Xuan believed that Shennong's hexagrams were emphasized. , Sun Sheng believed that Xia Yu emphasized hexagrams until Ouyang in the Northern Song Dynasty compiled "Yi Tongzi Wen" and believed that there were contradictions among the seven chapters of "Yi Zhuan" and that Confucius was not the author: "Although there are many words, the purpose is to be understood. Returning, it ends with the words indicating good and bad luck, which can be enough in one word. Anyone who says this is abbreviated. Although the rest of the words are slightly different but the main purpose is the same, they cannot be used successfully. It is said that its teachings come from various schools, and people in the past used them to interpret the scriptures. Therefore, it is not surprising that the selection is not precise.
To say that the words came from one person is to multiply the words of others. So he thought it was the work of a saint, and it was very wrong. " (See "Yi Tongzi Questionnaire 3"). As for later generations, the trend of doubting the ancients gradually emerged. "Yi Zhuan Tong Lun" written by Yao Jiheng in the Qing Dynasty and Kang Youwei's "Xinxue Apocrypha" both believed that "Yi Zhuan" was not from Confucius. In the 1920s and 1930s, famous scholars such as Mr. Qian Xuantong, Mr. Feng Youlan, Mr. Gu Jiegang, Mr. Gao Heng, and Mr. Guo Moruo all believed that "Yi Zhuan" was not written by Confucius. Mr. Gu Jiegang put the date when "Yi Zhuan" was written. It is inferred that it dates from the late Warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty. Only Mr. Jin Jingfang insists that the "Yizhuan" was written by Confucius. To this day, there are many records in the "Silk Script" found in the Mawangdui tomb in Changsha that indirectly prove the "Yizhuan". The author or related author is probably Confucius, which needs further research, but it should be cautioned by those who blindly doubt the ancients. On the other hand, the origin of the name "Zhou" has always been controversial. The first is "Zhou Dynasty" and the second is "Zhou Pu". The implication of the former is that "Zhou Yi" is a book of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The reason is that "Zhou Li" says: "The method of Tai Bu Zhang is the Three Changes." One is called "Lianshan", the other is called "Guizang", and the other is called "Book of Changes". This theory believes that "Lianshan" is a book written in Shennong's era. Shennong is also called "Lianshan" and "Guizang" is. In the Huangdi era, Huangdi also called the "Guizang family", while the later Xia used "Lianshan" and the merchants used "Guizang". The book used in the Western Zhou Dynasty was named "Zhou" and was called "Zhouyi". Take Zheng Xuan's "Yi Zan", "'Lianshan' refers to the clouds emerging from Xiangshan Mountain, which are connected continuously. "Gui Zang" means that all things are hidden in it; "Zhou Yi" means that the Yi Dao is universal and everything is prepared. "So the word "Zhou" in "Book of Changes" means "Zhou Pu". The main meanings of the word "Yi" are as follows: 1. The seal script of the word "Yi" is "(see picture 1 on the right) Small seal script: "Yi", "Shuowen" teaches as "Yi, lizard Yi, grasshopper, guarding the palace." Pictogram. "That is, "Yi" is something like a lizard, and the main meaning is "change". 2. "Shuowen" also quoted the secretary as saying "the sun and the moon are Yi", symbolizing yin and yang. 3. "Zhouyi Qianzhedu" says "'Yi' 'One word has three meanings: the so-called easy, changeable, not easy', that is, the three meanings of simplicity, change, and unchanged. 4. The oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Ruins of the word "Yi" are "(see picture 2)", which takes the sunrise The meaning of the change of yin and yang at that time. It also refers to the "change of changes". Oracle bone inscriptions: The Book of Changes was often referred to as "Yi" in ancient literature. "Book of Changes". It can be seen that "Book of Changes" takes "Yi" as its main meaning, and there are many explanations, but none can be more accurate than the principle of changing news.