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Notes on Jia, Volume III;
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There are also two beautiful women, one is Yi Guang, and the other is (the pseudonym of Shihe) to pay tribute to Wu. Wu was sentenced to pepper flower's room ... when they sat side by side in the porch, they put their mirrors and makeup in pearls and sapporo. Peepers were always frightened, so they were called gods. The prince of Wu was confused and forgot politics. The more soldiers entered the customs, the more they fled Wuyuan with their two daughters in their arms. When the Vietnamese army invaded, they saw two women under the tree. They all said they were goddesses, but they dared not invade. (Proofreading Xiong Guangxian's Selected Works, Eight Miscellanies of Xijing Warp-knitted by Yi Shi in Ancient and Modern Times, Chongqing Publishing House, 2002, P 166).
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This note only said that the Vietnamese army "looked forward but did not dare to invade", and what happened later was not said in the Collection of Notes. It is worth noting that the Wu people regarded two beautiful women as "gods" and the Vietnamese army also regarded them as "goddesses", which obviously came from their amazing beauty. The Book of Gleanings is full of myths and legends, but there is evidence to write beautifully. And this is also a starting point for future generations to pursue the final history.
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Yao Kuan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, mentioned the demise of the Song Dynasty earlier in his notes. He said in an article in Xixi, the Historian:
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"Wu Yue Chun Qiu" says: "Wu Guo dies, and learning Chinese characters dies." Du Fu's poem says: "When he studied calligraphy in Gusu, he drove away the barbarians." Dongpo's poem said: "The boat returned to its hometown, and it still carries Chinese characters." When you ask Wang Xingzhi, the cloud of nature says, "Learning Chinese characters means going to Suzhou, while one pursues Fan Li, so it means two things. Fan Li should not be allowed to send away his calligraphy. " There is no basis for tasting doubt. After seeing the Jinglong Museum in the Tang Dynasty, Song Wenzhi added a subtitle to Huansha: "Yue Nv is as beautiful as a flower, and the King of Yue smells Huansha. Guowei is not arrogant, and he is dedicated to Wu Gongwa. The mountain is half hidden, and the bamboo is covered. A line of tyrants goujian, and then laugh at the fork. Brilliant colors capture ordinary people, and the effect is also boastful. Once you return to your old capital, you will find beautiful makeup. Birds are frightened into the net, but fish are afraid of sinking lotus flowers. At first, I felt guilty, and Fang Wuqun was evil. " This poem will be repeated, but it is different from the last one, so we should examine it in more detail. (Yao Kuan, Lu You, Xixi Yu Cong? Old Family News, Zhonghua Book Company 1993, P33)
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Yao Kuan listed several possibilities of historical ending: first, being killed, second, going boating, and third, returning to his hometown to meet. Yao Kuan didn't do any further research on which of the three different statements is right.
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Amin scholar Yu Yang gave an answer to the ending of the poem in The Tales of the Tang Dynasty:
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"Wu Yue Chun Qiu" says: "Wu Wu dies, and learning Chinese characters dies." Xi Zi was dead by then. Song Wenzhi's poem: "Once you return to your old capital, you will find evil in your beautiful makeup. Birds are frightened into the net, and fish are afraid of sinking lotus flowers. " Then Xizifu will still remember. Du Mu's poem: "When Xi Zi arrived in Gusu, he drove away the barbarians." Then Xi Zi willingly followed Fan Li. Look at Dongpo's poem "Fan Li": "Whoever leaves an elk in Suzhou will feel more pity for his master." Then I left because I stole the calligraphy. I press Mozi? The Scholars said: "The beauty of beauty is also the beauty of history." An unrecorded ending in historical biography. Ancient and modern salty means that he swam from Fan Li's five lakes. Now we know that he finally sank, which can avenge Xi Zi. Mozi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period believed what he said. (Ding's Series of Poems in Past Dynasties, Zhonghua Book Company, 2006, P 13 14).
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Yu Yangju "Mozi? According to "Dear Teacher", it was "finally sunk", that is to say, he drowned in the river and died. Shen is a specific way to kill people, so the records in Wu Yue Chun Qiu are not contradictory to Mozi. A Record of Mozi overthrew the statements of Song, Du Mu and Su Shi.
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Prior to this, Luo Dajing had inferred the end of history and its reasons in the Southern Song Dynasty. He said in the article "Discussion" in the fourth volume of He Lu:
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What does the phrase "there are beauties in the palace" mean? After Fan Li conquered Vietnam, he abandoned his wealth and sailed by boat, which was spotless. However, if you still rely on giving to do the right thing, you will not like it, and if you are afraid of it, you will be more unpredictable. So the root of the disaster is that although I went to Vietnam, I never forgot it. (Luo Dajing, He Lu, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983, P 186)
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Luo Dajing's view is that the teacher will go boating after Wu's death. Fan Li took Shi away, not because he loved Shi's beautiful appearance, but because he was afraid that Shi's appearance, after bewitching the monarch of Wu State, would bewitch the monarch of Yue State and eventually destroy Yue State. Luo's inference seems reasonable, but in fact there are too many conjectures. According to historical records, leaving Yue State after Wu's death was not to lift Shi's "curse", but to save himself. The so-called "high birds have dispersed, and good bows must be hidden; A cunning rabbit is exhausted and a good dog cooks. "
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Amin scholar Yang Shen found another way to quote Wu Yue Chun Qiu? A record in "An Essay" expressed the same point of view as Yu Yang, saying:
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The stone handed down from the world followed, but nothing was seen. It was also because of Du Mu's sentence "Learn Chinese characters and go to Gusu, barbarians are driven away" that the meeting was taken seriously. If you doubt it, you can't prove it. Fold it. One day, I read Mozi and said, "The separation of Wuqi is a great achievement." The beauty of stone is also beautiful. "said," after Wu's death, Shi also died in the water, and he did not collect evidence. "Mozi's trip to Wu Yue is very close, and the book is true. However, I am still worried that Mu Zhi will have a different view. After looking up "Xiuwen Yulan", see "Spring and Autumn"? The Book of Changes says: "After Wu's death, the more he drifted to the west, the more he applied it to the river, so that he died with the barbarians." Nai smiled and said, "This matter is in harmony with Mozi. Du Mu was careless. He was in a hurry. "When the cover is dead, it is a pity that it is applied to the river. Ups and downs Irony. With the death of zixu, his power became stronger. It's a shame to die. Today, I reward Xu Zhizhong, so Yun Chang died. After going to Yue, also known as Li, Du Mu took Zi as Li Yi, so much so that he wrote this story in the shadow in order to confuse future generations. He laughed at himself and said, "Fan Li was unlucky. He met Du Mu, who has been falsely accused for thousands of years, but how lucky he was to meet Snow White!" (edited by Wu, Complete Poems of Ming Dynasty, Volume III, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1997, P2788)
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Yang Shen cited "Wu Yue Chun Qiu? There is a record in Yi Pian, which proves that it was drowned after Wu's death for Yue. This record involves the understanding of two words. The first one is Yi Yi. "Clothing" originally refers to skins, and Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, drowned Wu Zixu in the clothing. At the same time, "Li Yi" was the name that Fan Li changed for himself after he left Yue State. Historical records? According to the records of the Yue Wang family, after the destruction of Wu, the State of Yue changed its name and called itself Pi, which was later referred to as Ziyi or Yi Yi. The first is "floating". The common meaning of "floating" is "floating on the surface of liquid or air". However, Yang Shen thinks that the word "floating" should be regarded as anti-training, which means "sinking". In this way, there are two understandings of "Xi Shi floats on the river and dies together with the barbarians": First, the state of Yue asked Xi Shi to follow Fan Li to cross the five lakes by boat; Second, Yue Guo was immersed in the beautiful scenery of the river and the sea, and let her go with Zi Xu. Yang Shen believes that the second explanation is consistent with the records in Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Mozi. Yang Shen also said that Wu Zixu's death was related to the teacher's visit to the prince of Wu, so in the same way, letting her go with Zixu was also a "reward for Zixu's loyalty".
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Yang Shen's statement attracted a lot of controversy. The first person to stand up against what Yang Shen said was Chen of the dynasty. In order to correct the mistakes in Yang Shen's "Dan Lead Record" and other books, Zhengyang is specially written. Regarding the fate of stone, Chen quoted a passage from Lu Guangwei's Wudi Ji in the Tang Dynasty:
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One hundred miles south of Jiaxing County, there is a pavilion. Gou Jian ordered the stone to be given to Fu Cha as a gift, while Shi and he sneaked in on the road. Three years later, he arrived in Wu and gave birth to a son. At this time, the pavilion, whose son is one year old, can speak, because the name of the pavilion says in Jue Shu, "Shi returned after Wu's death and followed him to the five lakes."
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And said, "Look at this, would you rather not write one?" (Electronic version of Wen Yuan Gusku Complete Book, Shanghai People's Publishing House Dizhi Culture Publishing Co., Ltd., 1999)
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Contemporary Wang Shizhen is very disdainful of Chen's quoting Wu Di Ji, mocking that Wu Di Ji is "talking about dreams" and Chen is "talking about dreams in dreams". He said, "If Fan Li became more and more important, he wouldn't do such a rogue thing. The king of Yue and the king of Wu are not angry if they don't enter a woman for three years and don't show themselves. What is the basis of Qi Dong's madness? " Wang also believes that the "Yuer Pavilion" in Wu Di Ji is what people called the "Daughter Pavilion" at that time, and this name is a misnomer of "Yuer Township" and "Nvyang Pavilion" mentioned in Yue Jue Shu, so the so-called "Yuer Pavilion" does not exist. Therefore, it is not credible that The Book of Yue Jue is regarded as "returning after the death of Wu, and going with the five lakes" in Wu Di Ji. (Four Manuscripts of Zhoushan People, Taiwan Province Weiwen Book Publishing House Co., Ltd., 1976, P7425) After seeing Wang Shizhen's article, Chen retorted: "The book Wu Di Ji was found, and Yang said that Yi Pian was written by He Dian. I said it was written in the shadow, so I quoted it in my right ear. Yuan Mei can't go against his heart, but the cloud is different and even more embarrassing after the dream. "
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It should be said that Wang Shizhen's views on the things mentioned in Wudi Ji are reasonable, and it is not too much to say that it is a savage's talk, but it is not appropriate to say that Chen is "love love love". Chen only refutes the innuendo with the existing books, that is, the Book of Changes cited by Yang Shen did not explain the source, and Kerwin Chen had never seen it, which was suspected of being fabricated out of thin air. Wang Shizhen obviously misunderstood Chen's original intention, so he had Chen's rebuttal that "talking in a dream is even more nonsense". Today, we can see Magnolia in Wen Xiu, but there is really no "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" as Yang Shen said. Quotations from Yi Pian. (See Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,No. 12 12.
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At the end of Ming Dynasty, Xu Shupi demonstrated from another angle, which supported Yang Shen's view that "Xi Stone sank". He said in Memory: "When Wu died, the king of Wu fled to Yangshan to commit suicide. He had to kill the stone first, and his love could not be regarded as revenge and humiliation. This is a credible reason. Shen Yujiang, Wu Shen will also. If you are a master and a wise man, you will not marry the wife of the country. " The two reasons put forward by Xu here, that is, the prince of Wu will never let his relatives be humiliated by his enemies and will never marry the princess of subjugation, are very reluctant, and they are only based on the personality and self-esteem of the king of Wu, which obviously simplifies the complicated human nature. At the same time, for the so-called "Jade Ear Pavilion" in the Ji of Emperor Wu, he gave a different explanation from Wang Shizhen: "Jade Ear Pavilion was in Huating and went to Li Baili. Gaihuating was originally Li's. At that time, its real name was Yuer, and Wu named it Yuer. Later, if there were children who could talk, it was changed to Yuer Pavilion. It's wrong to change' Yuer' to' Yuer', change' Yuer' to' daughter' and add Chinese calligraphy! " Xu believes that the so-called "language pavilion" is the result of one mistake after another. If such a result is "transplanted" to the body, then the theory of boating on five lakes is completely unreliable. (Notebook Novel Grand View, Volume III, 40th Edition, Taiwan Province * * * North Xinxing Bookstore Co., Ltd., 1975-82, P388-389) However, whether Xu's statement comes from field investigation or textual research in books is unknown.
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Hang Shijun of A Qing dynasty held the same view as Yang Shen. He said in "Editing Errors":
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Yugong News: There is no basis for the statement that Shi was killed in Xixi and Wuyue Chunqiu. It means that the so-called killing people, that is, Shen Yujiang, is not a crime to kill people. Lu Guangwei quoted Yuejueshu in the Five Emperors: "When Xi's family pacified the State of Wu, he returned and followed him to the Five Lakes." There is no such article in this book. Cover "Yan Yi", zixu also. Also known as "Li", so there is an error. It is not easy for Sheng An to quote the poems of Mozi, Pi and Li to prove Shi's Shen He. There is a word "ge" in Du Mu's poems, which is obviously misused and should not be misinterpreted. (Hang Shijun's Correction of Errors, Zhonghua Book Company, 1997, P40)
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Hang Shijun's analysis is more detailed and logical. He also discriminates the word "Yi Li" in Du Mu's poems and Wu Yue Chun Qiu, and thinks that "Yi Li" in Du Mu's poems refers to Shi Toujiang's suicide, because "Li Ge's floating on Xu's remains is also related to" Li Yi's business ".
Refers to the skin containing the remains of Zixu, not Fan Li; "Wu yue spring and autumn? In the Book of Changes, the word "make the barbarians die" also refers to the stone sinking into the river, because the death of Zi Xu is related to the stone slandering in front of the king of Wu, and "Yan Yi" refers to the fact that Zi Xu's skin sinks. As for some people who understand "following Li Yi" as "following", it is a misunderstanding caused by Fan Li's nickname "Li". Thirdly, the "killing" in Wu Yue Chun Qiu refers to "immersion in the river", not "punishment killing" in other senses. Finally, Hang believes that Lu Guangwei's statement in The Five Emperors is not credible, because there is no such thing today. The word "ge" in Du Mu's poems is also obviously misused. ?
But for some of Yang Shen's statements, Qing Hu Shiyu did not agree. He said in Dou Cun's Book Dou:
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Young's theory, when you are doing it, I see you too much. When the King of Yue went to Darkmouth with a long neck, he wiped out all the loyal ministers and cherished the ministers of the enemy countries, saying that Shen rewarded his son with merits. It is enough for the country to break and not want to have it. And make use of it instead of killing the fruit of history. The speaker may not be the only one who enjoys the beautiful scenery. Only beauty should be entrusted to. Is to let the teacher follow and repay with all the teachers. Shi didn't run away, nor did he steal anything to escape. Why hurt his honor? Si Nuo lied and worried that Fan Li would not be accepted by the Germans. (Volume 23 of Series Integration Supplement, Taiwan Province New Style Publishing Company, 1989, P725)
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"Argument" in this article is a Buddhist term, which refers to Jaken's consistent one-sided extremes, which is equivalent to what is usually called "prejudice". What Hu means is that after the destruction of Wu, the King of Yue was afraid that it would be too late to start, and even the loyal ministers of his own country were killed. Where will he care about the loyal subjects of the enemy? It is ridiculous for Yang Shen to say that "Shen Yi de Bao Zi". The King of Yue killed the stone only because of the lesson that "a stunner is enough to subjugate the country". At the same time, he further pointed out that when walking with Li, it is the combination of Gao Shi and beauty, which is simply a match made in heaven. History follows, not only to repay, but also to support him for a lifetime. Therefore, Yang Shen's theory of "the history of false accusations" wronged the beauty and would not accept this kind of "kindness".
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To sum up, there are three views on the ending of the stone in ancient notes: one is to sink into the water, the other is to go boating, and the third is to return home. There are many people who hold the first view, and the evidence is the most primitive and relatively credible. The question is, why did Yue kill and avenge Yue's heroic history? It is obviously unreasonable to "report Xu Zhizhong's loyalty". It seems that there is some truth in the saying that beauty brings disaster to the country, because the lesson of Wu's demise is just around the corner. Why didn't Gou Jian leave this stunning beauty and keep a clear head on * * *? Is Gou Jian so uncontrollable and so lacking in confidence? Mencius once said, "People cover their noses when they write dirty words." ("Mencius? This sentence seems to tell people that Shi's death is related to his "impurity". If that's the case, the state of Yue only regarded the stone as a pawn to realize the "conspiracy" beforehand, but did not regard her as a hero at all afterwards, and attached great importance to women's chastity in their minds. Therefore, after completing her mission, she was killed as an "impure" sinner. Despite this sinner, this "impurity" was imposed on her by the sovereign minister of Yue.
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What is the ending of Xi Shi? Because it happened more than 2000 years ago, the lack of historical materials and the ambiguity of records make it an eternal mystery. Returning history to its true colors requires more reliable evidence. Of course, this mystery may never be solved. However, in any case, these have nothing to do with her beauty and her legend.