Basic knowledge of go

Do you know Go? Actually, Weiqi originated in China, and Yao Zuo was handed down, which was recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. So what is the introduction knowledge of Go? How to distinguish live chess from dead chess? The following is the basic knowledge of Go, welcome to read.

Go basics 1

Basic rule

Beginners of Go must first understand the following basic rules about playing Go:

Go is usually played by two people, one is black and the other is white.

Go should start with an empty chessboard. In the modern Go game, the player holding black chess should go first, and the player holding white chess should go later.

When playing Go, both sides should take turns to play on the chessboard, and each side can only play one piece at a time. After the chess pieces are placed on the chessboard, they can't move until the end.

Both sides of the game play freely on the board and surround each other according to their own wishes until the last game.

In the final calculation of victory and defeat, the party with more surrounding areas wins.

Chess in Go:

Chess pieces: The pieces are divided into black and white, sunspot 18 1, Bai Zi 180. The chess pieces are round. In China, one side is flat and the other side is convex, while in Japan and South Korea, both sides are convex. Yunzi, produced in Yunnan, China, has been favored by chess players for more than 500 years. The more precious chess materials are shells, agates and so on. In the game, each player uses a color. Every chess piece is equal, regardless of size.

Chessboard: The chessboard consists of 19 horizontal lines and 19 vertical lines, with ***36 1 intersections, and the outermost line is called the sideline. In order to identify the position of chess pieces, nine points are drawn on the chessboard, which is called "star" in terminology, and the central star point is also called "Tianyuan". Chessboards can be divided into corners, sides and midriffs. Today, there are 19x 19, 13x 13, 9x9, which are relatively common, and there are also some rare 15x 15,17x/kloc-. The chessboard used in the official competition is 19x 19, and others are used as teaching and practice AIDS.

The rules of playing chess:

1. The chess pieces should be placed in the edge of the board, and the chess pieces outside the edge are invalid.

2. The chessboard consists of horizontal lines and vertical lines, where the horizontal lines and vertical lines intersect is called the intersection point, and the chess pieces can only fall on the intersection point.

3. Take one side of the sunspot first and alternate the two sides. Neither side can play two hands in a row, otherwise it will be judged negative. Chess pieces have a special grip, as shown below:

4. After each chess piece falls on the chessboard, it can't move, which is called "no regrets". Unless "fatigue" is removed. Anyone who moves a chess piece or destroys the chess shape can be punished according to the rules.

Eat it together.

Every chess piece on the Go board has its own "Qi", which is the life of every chess piece on the Go board. No matter which side of the chess piece, once it loses its qi, it will be in a state of death and will be immediately removed from the chessboard by the other side.

"Chess" is one of the basic terms of Weiqi, which refers to the empty intersection of the chess pieces on the chessboard, as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

The one in the corner of the picture and the one closely connected with it have two intersections, so it has two gases. The child on the side has three empty intersections adjacent to it, so it has three gases, and the child in the middle has four empty intersections adjacent to it, so it has four gases. A single chess piece on a chessboard can't have more than four qi, but two or more connected chess pieces are different.

As shown in figure 2; The two sons in the corner are three-gas, the two sons on the side are four-gas, and the two sons in the middle are six-gas. As can be seen from the above example, the luck of chess pieces is influenced by the position of chess pieces on the chessboard. The number of chess pieces located in the middle abdomen is more, while the number of chess pieces in the sides and corners is relatively reduced. Because "Qi" is the survival condition of chess pieces. Therefore, once the unlucky chess pieces are surrounded in the future battles between the two sides, they will be easily passive, which we will introduce in detail later.

Two or more pieces connected on a chessboard depend on the arrangement and position of the pieces. Figure 3: In the figure, the upper diaphragm four is eight qi, the lower diaphragm four is arranged in a square to be eight qi, the lower diaphragm five is ten qi, and the lower diaphragm five is six qi.

Then, why isn't point A on the side of the belly abital a chess piece? This is because for five pieces: point A is not closely adjacent to them, so it can't be counted as luck.

Go is a game for two people after all. In the process of playing chess, the pieces played by both sides are not far apart, leaving empty intersections to make each other "angry", but touching each other and besieging each other, so the calculation of "angry" number becomes complicated. So, how to calculate the "Qi" of the chess pieces surrounded by the opponent?

Figure 4: There are only two empty intersections around the black triplet, so there are only two gases.

There are six empty intersections around the black quadrangle in the middle of the picture, so there are six gas.

Look at the five Bai Zi in the picture below. Almost all the intersections adjacent to them are occupied by the black side, leaving only one vacancy as their "even" number. In this way, the number of "qi" in the white house is a "qi".

As a Weiqi term, "pool" can also be called "ladder". In the actual game, one side tightly surrounds one or more pieces of the other side, so that all their luck is blocked, and then the inanimate pieces are removed from the board, which is called "eating", as shown below.

The black triangle is called a ladder ladder, and then removed from the chessboard.

As shown in Figure 5, when white 1 passes, only the sunspot is left with a sigh of relief. At this time, it is no longer possible to play black, but Bai 1 is ready to play black. As long as Bai's next move falls in one position, the sunspot can be "lifted".

In Go, we call a player like Bai 1, that is, after a move, one or several pieces of the opponent are only surrounded by one breath, which is called "playing". Also known as "eat".

Basic skills of eating seeds

It is much easier for the fleeing party to get rid of the fate of being eaten than to "eat". Therefore, if you want to successfully complete "eating" and launch an offensive war in the Go game, you must master the basic skills of "eating" in some local battles.

1, hug and eat: drive your opponent's pieces to a place where there are many pieces, and collect all your opponent's pieces like a hug, which is called hug and eat.

2, the door to eat: find the other side's breakpoint, like a door to shut the other side's chess inside, called the door to eat.

3, sign: from both sides continue to eat, so that the other side has only one breath, until the last to eat each other is called "sign", commonly known as "twist the sheep's head."

The practice of recruiting children: black comes first

4, double eat: if you can't sign it, there will be many breakpoints here. When a chess piece falls on the chessboard, two or part of the opponent's chess pieces are beaten and eaten at the same time, which is called double eating.

5. cangue food: it is also called "square food" in Weiqi terminology, both of which mean that its tactics can effectively enclose the opponent's pieces in the square so that they cannot escape. Interestingly, when the method of "gathering food" doesn't work, the method of "cangue food" often succeeds immediately.

As shown below: These are three "cangue food" methods that often appear in actual combat.

6. pouncing on food: "pouncing on food" is also a means of eating that often appears in Go competitions. "Jumping" is a special Weiqi term, which means jumping into the opponent's mouth to eat, and also means dying after death. The theoretical basis of the method of "pouncing on food" comes from the rules of Go: "If both sides are out of breath at the same time, the one who actively causes this state will draw the son of the other side who is out of breath".

As shown below: These are the two most typical methods of "pouncing on food" in actual combat.

The method of killing chess, such as black chess on the right, is called "double kickback" in Go terminology.

7. Grab back: Grab back can be literally understood as a way to make the other side unable to go back, mainly using the breakpoint and tight chess characteristics of the other side.

"Eyes" and Life and Death

In the introductory teaching of Go,

"Eye" mentioned in the above definition is one of the most commonly used special terms in Go. The so-called "eye" is actually a blank intersection point on a chessboard surrounded by chess pieces, as shown in the figure below.

The four points of ABCD around black eyes are called the corners of this eye. When two or more corners of the eye are occupied by the other side, this eye becomes a false eye; When the three corners of the eyes are occupied by themselves or the other person cannot enter, it is called true eye. A chess game with two or more real eyes is a live chess game.

When a chess piece is surrounded, it is not necessarily a dead chess piece. White chess surrounds black chess, but black chess has two real eyes. These two points are forbidden points. White can't enter these two points and can't hit his hands at the same time, so white can't eat black. Then a chess shape with two or more real eyes is called a living chess. If you don't have two real eyes, no matter how many false eyes are, it will still be a dead chess game, and it will eventually be removed.

"double work"

"Double action" is a special form of life and death graphics in Go. In the game of Go, the pieces of both sides surround each other, sometimes forming a special situation:

In a local battle, neither team of black and white chess pieces has two eyes, but neither team can kill the other. This special confrontation between two pieces is called "double action" in Go terminology.

As shown below: These are several examples of the formation of "double activities" in actual combat.

The picture on the left is a "double life without eyes" shape. The chess pieces on both sides don't even have "eyes", but they are not dead chess. This is because there are just two "public spirits" between the two pieces besieged on both sides. At this point, both sides dare not make a move on either of these two "gongling", otherwise, their own chess will be eaten by the other side.

The picture on the right shows the shape of "eyes and two lives". The black and white pieces besieging each other have only one eye, but coincidentally, there is a "common spirit" between these two pieces. At this point, anyone who greedily wants to "eat" the other party by putting down his son on the "spirit" will also lose his breath and be eaten by the other party. So both sides can only protect themselves here.

In the ever-changing Go game, sometimes "double activity" will appear in a more exciting form.

Basic knowledge of Go II

De-etiquette

Whether go is elegant or artistic.

People in China have been known as a country of etiquette since ancient times, and they should pay attention to etiquette regardless of big or small issues, so playing Go is no exception, and we should not be careless. Only when you have enough manners will the master be willing to give you advice.

So what should we pay attention to in the process of playing chess? The rules of Weiqi are as simple as Weiqi: First, the player's posture should be elegant. Hold the chess piece with the fingertips of the index finger and the middle finger, and drop it vertically on the chessboard intersection above the chessboard, so that the chess player can't move without regret; Take the initiative to play black games to show respect for each other. If you guess first, you should let your opponent catch Bai Zi and catch 1 or 2 sunspots to guess. Take the initiative to clean up the chess set after the game.

In addition, you should respect your opponent in the game and don't be rude in action and language. That's all the basic etiquette, don't you think it's simple?

Go rule

The rules of Go are very simple. Under normal circumstances, hooligans take the lead and the two sides take turns. When the other party removes one of his sons and the other party can bring it back, it can't bring it back immediately, and it can't be brought back until other landlords take the lead.

All intersections on the chessboard except the forbidden point can be landing points. When the ownership of the intersection is determined, a game of chess is completed. In the case of giving way to chess, the black side first puts several pieces on the chessboard in advance, then the white chess moves and the two sides play chess alternately.

Compared with the rules of chess, Go is much easier to master, that is, a person can go anywhere with one hand. Of course, if you want to win the battle, you can't play chess. Although there are no rules, there are still rules to follow in winning chess.

Detailed calculation method

First, divide first

First scoring means that both sides have the same level of chess skills, and both sides take turns to go first. According to the current rules of Go in China, because black chess goes first, it has a certain first-hand strength, and the black chess player has to drop 2/3 pieces to the white side.

Therefore, black must occupy more territory than 183 and 1/4 to win. For example, Black has 185 children, which means Black has 1 and 3/4 children. White areas can win as long as they exceed 177 and 3/4. In all kinds of routine competitions at home and abroad, the rule of scoring first is adopted.

excuse me

Let the party with a slightly lower level of pointing go first, and don't post in the final calculation. That is to say, 180 and 1/2 are each a draw, and whoever exceeds 180 and 1/2 can win. This rule is also used in informal competitions or folk games. The rule of giving way applies to the game between players who have a certain gap in chess skills.

make way

Giving way is one of the chess forms adopted by the two sides with big gaps in chess skills. In order to achieve the mutual balance of chess force, the low-level side holds the black, and puts a number of sunspots in the designated position of the chessboard continuously. For beginners, a professional chess player can give away 25 pieces. When calculating the final outcome, the black side will give back 1/2 of the number of pieces to the white side. After returning, the blocks 180 and 1/2 are still regarded as a draw.

Go terminology

Long term existence

"Long" refers to the chess that continues to extend forward next to the existing chess pieces on the board. There are subtle differences between "Li" and "Dragon". "Li" mainly refers to the chess that moves down or to the sideline near the original board. In some cases, a chess game can be said to be both "long" and "vertical", and "vertical" and "long" have certain relativity.

"Guan" refers to playing chess with the original pieces on the chessboard.

rush

"Chong" refers to putting one's original chess piece down to the empty intersection in the middle of the opponent's "Guan" shape on the chessboard, which is called "Chong". "Chong" is often to use one's strong side to block opponents, divide opponents' chess into two pieces, and help find opportunities to destroy opponents.

jump

The shape of the jump is the same as that of the "Guan", both of which are playing chess in a position separate from the original chess piece. But generally speaking, "Guan" means expanding to the middle of a vast area or field, while "Jumping" is generally used when two parties contact, and is most commonly used to escape their loneliness or chase each other's weak chess.

Basic knowledge of Go 3

1. How many lines are there in the length and width of Go? A: Each book 19.

2. How many points can you play in a chess game? A: Nineteen times nineteen * * * 36 1 minute.

3. Does the black one go first or the white one? A: Black chess.

4. How to guess first? Answer: Grab the child and guess the single and double, and the right one is black.

5. How many orders should I place for black chess? A: Seven and a half eyes.

6. How many dice does Black win? How many dice does white win? A: Black 185 wins and white 177 wins.

7. What is robbery? And put the simplest shape of robbing chess in the corner. Answer: You can keep the basic chess shape and extract the opponent's and raised chess repeatedly.

8. How many stars are there on the board? Where are they? What's the name of the one in the middle? Answer: Nine, the chessboard black spot, Tianyuan.

9. How many breaths can a chess piece on the chessboard have? A: There are 4 mouths in the middle, 3 mouths on the side and 2 mouths on the corner.

10. How many breaths can a piece with two pieces connected together have? A: There are 6 mouths in the middle, 4 mouths on the side and 3 mouths on the corner.

1 1. How many breaths can a chess piece with three pieces connected together have? A: There are 8 sides, 5 angles and 4 gases in the third straight school, and 7 sides, 5 angles and 3 gases in the third straight school.

12, thinking: Why is a chess piece with the same three children longer than a song? Where does the gas grow?

13, thinking: Why is the air in the middle of the same piece of two players longer than that on the side? And the air on the side is longer than that on the corner?

14. How many dice can be used to put a tiger's mouth on the chessboard? Answer: 3 in the middle, 2 on the side and 1 on the corner.

15, how many tigers can five children put in the middle at most? How many jaws can you put on the chessboard at most? A: The center is oblique and cross-shaped, and at most five tiger mouths can be put on a line at the corner.

16, according to the chess number, how many great white sharks are there in black and white?

17. Find out which points can be removed according to the chess manual.

Basic knowledge of Go 4

First of all, the rules of Go

chessboard

There are 19 parallel lines intersecting vertically at equal distance on the chessboard, forming 36 1 intersections.

There are nine points on the chessboard, called the star position, and the central star position is specially called Tianyuan.

Relaxation method

Each side of the game holds a piece of the same color, first black and then white, and then alternately, only one at a time.

The chess pieces are placed on the points of the chessboard. After the chess piece is fixed, it is not allowed to move to other points.

Both parties give up their rights in turn, allowing either party to give up their rights.

Qi of chess pieces

The chess piece is on the chessboard, and the empty point next to a straight line is the qi of this chess piece.

If there are chess pieces of the same color at the points next to each other, they will form a whole with each other. Qi also counts.

If there are chess pieces of different colors at the points directly adjacent to the chess pieces, the sound will cease to exist. If all the qi is occupied by the other party, it will be in an airless state. An inanimate chess piece cannot exist on the chessboard, so it will be lifted.

The way to take a lifeless son out of the plate is called lifting the child.

There are two kinds of raisins:

After one step, the opponent's chess pieces are out of breath, so they should be taken out immediately.

After the next chess game, the chess pieces of both sides are in an airless state, and the airless pieces of the other side should be pulled out immediately.

Forbidden point

Any point on the chessboard, such as a player's move, will be in a state of lifelessness immediately, and the opponent's pieces can't be drawn out at the same time. This point is called the forbidden cave, and it is forbidden to move.

end

The chess game is final when both parties agree that the game is finished.

In a game, one party gives up halfway, which is the final decision.

Live chess and dead chess

At the end of the game, the chess that both sides can't avoid is dead.

At the end of the game, all the chess that cannot be drawn after confirmation by both parties are live chess.

Calculation result

In the chess game where both sides have finished, the outcome is calculated by numerical method.

First, clear all the dead chess of both sides from the disk, and then count the live chess of one side with the player as the unit. The live chess of both sides is divided in half, and one point is a child. The benchmark for winning or losing is18012 points, which is half of the total number of chess points. If the sum of one side's active chess and its empty chess points is greater than this number, it is victory; If it is less than this number, it is negative; If it is equal to this number, it is sum.

In a chess game with numbers, the outcome is calculated by numbers.

Second,