According to the three sages of Zhouyi, the Book of Changes and Classic Biography were co-authored by Fuxi, Wen Wang and Zhou Gong (or Confucius).
Based on the Book of Changes written by Fu Xi itself, his Ci Xia claimed to be the king of the world, admired the family, and started gossip. "preface to historical records I Taishigong" also said: Fuxi is pure and honest, and he is easy to gossip. In the Biography of the Yuezhe, it is clarified; "Fuxi as gossip, Zhou Wenwang as 314 hexagrams and rule the world". "Zhou Benji" records: "Xibogai has been in the throne for 5 years. Before and after his imprisonment, the gossip of Gaiyiyi was sixty-four hexagrams. "
The Family of Confucius, on the other hand, carried out Confucius' sage and said, "Confucius is late and fond of the easy, and he is fond of the order, the image, the divination and the classical Chinese". Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples further proves that Confucius' biography is easy to bend.
It is Ma Rong and Successive who inherit and expand this statement. They think that the King of Wen made divination, the Duke of Zhou made diction, and Confucius made ten wings. This is the final conclusion. It's just that they eliminated the legendary Fuxi. Zhu Xi, who is slightly different from him, thinks that there are Fu Xi's Yi, Wen Wang's Yi and Confucius' Yi in the Book of Changes. When reading Yi, we must treat these three people's Yi differently and not confuse them.
hole theory and non-hole theory. For a long time, people who hold this view have been arguing about whether Zhouyi is Confucius or non-Confucius. One school believes that a Book of Changes belongs to Confucius and others; The other school asserts that The Book of Changes has nothing to do with Confucius.
this argument originated in the Han dynasty. According to Zhou Li, there were three kinds of books in the Book of Changes at the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, one was called Lianshan, the other was Guizang, and the third was Zhouyi. The first two were lost in the Han Dynasty, and only the Book of Changes was circulated among the people. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the government set up the Five Classics Academy headed by the Book of Changes, and some doctors of the Five Classics rearranged and wrote the classics with the official books prevailing at that time, which made the new version of Zhouyi widely spread in the society. Under the political background of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" at that time, it had its specific historical conditions for Confucius' descendants to believe that the Book of Changes was written by Confucius. Therefore, everyone in this book is titled "Zi Yue". This school is what later generations call "modern writers".
However, the classics written with seal script left over from the pre-Qin era are authentic classics, but they think that the five classics that topped the Book of Changes are all the old ones in Zhou Dynasty. First, they are the compilation of the laws and regulations handed down by the late king. How can we make the classics before Confucius came out? Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote Yi Yi Zi Wen, which said. The classical Chinese, copula and miscellaneous hexagrams in the Book of Changes have nothing to do with Confucius at all. Gong Zizhen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, further argued: "Before Zhong Ni was born, there were six classics, and when Zhong Ni was born, it was self-evident.".
In modern times, this kind of argument has become increasingly fierce. Pi Xirui, a scholar who insisted on Confucius' view of "being a writer today", concluded: "Once the Confucian classics were determined by Confucius, Confucius could not have them before; Second, when we know that the early Han dynasty is not far away, we think that Confucius' theory of scripture must be based. " Kang Youwei is even more decisive: "All the Six Classics were written by Confucius, and it was a mistake for the ancients to say that Confucius deleted them." Kang Shengren even denied that Confucius was the co-author of Zhouyi.
Not to be outdone, the ancient litterateur who held the theory of non-Confucius fought back with Qian Xuantong as the banner. He carefully researched the evidence and refuted it layer by layer, and concluded: "Kong Qiu did not delete or make the Six Classics." There is no room for reconciliation in tit for tat.
Mr. Guo Moruo is unique in this debate. He believes that Confucius is not only not the author of Zhouyi, but also has never read Zhouyi. He said that in the Analects of Confucius, the word "Yi" in Lu is also "Yi", which is not credible; The word "Zi Yue" that appears many times in Zhouyi is not Confucius but Xunzi. From this, Mr. Guo concluded that Zhouyi was mostly written by Xunzi's disciples, and thought that Zhouyi might have been compiled by Chu people before the Warring States Period.
in addition, some scholars argue about the author of Zhouyi according to the ideology of Zhouyi. Mr. Feng Youlan wrote that the philosophical views of Zhouyi and Analects of Confucius are completely different, thus denying that Zhouyi was written by Confucius. Professor Su Yuanlei, on the other hand, thinks that Mr. Feng's argument is practical, and it is not difficult to see that the Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius are exactly the same, so it is hard to say that the argument of Confucius School is unreasonable. In 1973, the silk book unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha recorded the discussion between Confucius and his disciples about the Book of Changes.
non-Confucius scholars still disagree with Confucius scholars. Mr. Huang Yongnian believes that Zhouyi belongs to a kind of miscellaneous works that are neither literature nor history nor philosophy. As Mr. Gu Jiegang said, "The writer has no test, so it is because of the official who was in charge of divination at that time." He also said, "Ten Wings talk about philosophy, which can be regarded as philosophy, while the upper and lower classics are divinatory words and rhetoric occupied by Gui. Strictly speaking, it has involved folklore, not all philosophy, and certainly not literature and history." The conclusion is that Zhouyi was not written by one person. Li Jingchi agreed with this point of view. He said: "The hexagrams and epigrams in the Book of Changes were compiled" and "it may be a diviner and diviner of the Zhou royal family". The author of the Book of Changes is "not a person, and his name cannot be tested". Gong Zhebing's point of view is basically the same as the above. He used the method of logical research to analyze its teaching route and development process, and thought that Zhouyi was based on Zou Lu culture and Jingchu culture, and at the same time inherited the milk of Sanjin and Yanqi cultures, which was the confluence and crystallization of various thoughts in the late Zhou Dynasty.
who is the author of Zhouyi? So far, there is no conclusion.