Template: Jiuli, a historical minority vassal regime in China, is an ethnic group in ancient China legends, also known as "Li".
in ancient times, Jiuli was a tribal alliance and a collection of nationalities, and did not exist as a thin individual.
lives and develops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is the earliest ethnic group in China to enter the agricultural era.
There are nine tribes in Jiuli * * *, each tribe has nine clans, and Chiyou is their chief. Historical Records and other books record that the surname of Jiang Chiyou was after Emperor Yan. The unitary character corresponds to the chicken, and in the Book of Changes, it means Xun, and the main command means to stand out from the crowd. Therefore, Chiyougu is also remembered as Chiyou. Legend has it that Chiyou has eighty-one brothers, that is, there are eighty-one clans. They believe in witchcraft and worship ghosts and gods. People who master culture are called "witches"; Can make weapons with copper; There is a criminal law. These cultures have a profound influence on the later Huaxia people. Some people think that the five punishments come from this.
Jiuli is very powerful. In ancient legends, the emperors Fuxi, Dihuang Nuwa and Ren Huang Shennong all came from Jiuli in Dongyi. The mythological systems such as Houyi, Emperor Yi and Xihe also came from Dongli Jiuli.
The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu, and ended in Jiuli's defeat. After a long struggle, part of Jiuli stayed in the north, established the state of Lebanon, and was later destroyed in the Zhou Dynasty (Xibo Kanli); Some of them joined the Huangyan Tribe Alliance, which may be called' Li Min', and gradually merged into the Huaxia nationality; The other part returned to Jianghan Basin in the south and established Sanmiao Tribal Alliance. Some people think that Jingchu in the Warring States period and Miao people today are descendants of Jiuli and Sanmiao.
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Nationalities and countries developed from tribes. There are many different patterns in the formation of various nationalities in the world and China, and the formation of Miao nationality basically belongs to this pattern mentioned by Sigus. Many historical facts show that Jiuli is the earliest and largest tribal alliance in the south, which is composed of many tribes. It is the earliest ancestor of Baiyue ethnic group, Miao ethnic group and some Han people in the south. "Jiuli" is one of the earliest people's * * * identity in China ancient history and legend era.
Chiyou is the leader of Jiuli Tribal Alliance. "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" Kong Anguo said: "Jiu Lijun is Chiyou." The note of Guoyu Chuyu says: "Jiuli is also a disciple of Chiyou." The book Lu Xun Shi Wen, Lu Chunqiu Dangbing and Warring States Policy all say that Chiyou is the king of nine Li, so it is called "Chiyou nine Li" or "Nine Li Chiyou".
"Chiyou Jiuli" is the earliest ancestor of Miao nationality. "Jiuli" is one of the three major tribal alliance groups in ancient Chinese legends; Chiyou is the leader of the "Jiuli" tribal alliance group, a famous figure in ancient China, and a hero worshipped by Miao people for generations. The age of his activities is roughly the same as that of the legendary Huaxia leaders Yan and Huang Di, that is, about 5 years ago. The Jiuli Tribal Alliance headed by Chiyou clashed with two tribal groups headed by Huangdi and Yandi, and was defeated in Zhuolu (now Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), which had a far-reaching influence in the history of China.
the formation of Miao nationality has a long historical process. In Miao legends and Chinese records, Miao ancestors have a close relationship with Chiyou and Jiuli in China ancient legend era. For example, "Customs Tong Yi" said: "Zhuan Xu has a son called Li, who is a Miao people." At the same time, the ancient Miao Jing and the Miao people's Song of Surnames all said that the leader of the ancient Miao people's surname was "Wen Li Zu You", that is, "Jiu Li Chi You". Miao people have long respected Chiyou as their ancestor and worshipped him as an ancestor and hero. Nowadays, Miao people all over the country have legends about Chiyou, and some places are called "You Gong". There are Chiyou temples in southern Sichuan and northwestern Guizhou, which are believed by the Miao people. "(See Survey Data of Social History of Miao People in South Sichuan and Northwest Guizhou (Guizhou Institute of Nationalities)) The Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan Province have the custom of offering sacrifices to the" maple god "to drive away the" ghost plague "for patients. People who dress up as the" maple god "wear iron legs on their heads, hemp fiber on their bodies, spikes on their feet, and hold a round wooden stick with a thick top and a thin bottom. This awe-inspiring "maple god" is Chiyou, which is related to the legend that "Chiyou abandoned his shackles for maple trees" in Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Nan Jing. There is a song called "Maple Song" in the Miao Ancient Songs in southeastern Guizhou. The song sings: "The maple tree gives birth to a girl list, and the maple tree gives birth to a girl to stay ... the list stays and blisters, and you travel for twelve days, and you are in pairs for twelve nights, bearing twelve eggs and giving birth to twelve treasures." Among them, Jiang Yang, the ancestor of the Miao nationality, was hatched from the yellow egg, so the Miao nationality here regarded the maple tree directly related to Chiyou as the ancestor.