First, the definition and principle of music therapy
The definition of music therapy
Music therapy is a kind of psychological, physiological and social activity therapy by using the artistic means of music, and it is also a kind of rehabilitation, health care and education activity.
Music has a long history and is closely related to the birth of human beings and the formation of human language. More than 2,000 years ago, the music record of "China Music" said: "Every sound begins with people's hearts." Music is a gift from nature and the sound of people's heartbeat. Music is not only an art, but also a very effective psychotherapy. Music has been a good way to treat diseases since ancient times.
Humans have long recognized that music is closely related to disease treatment. In fact, music is one of the oldest therapies for human beings. In the early days of human society, the concept of treating diseases by music was embodied through superstitious rituals. There is a saying in China's ancient book "Distinguishing the Sound of the Classics", which makes it clear that music is a means of treating diseases.
In the 5th century BC, Pythagoras, an ancient Greek scholar, pointed out the influence of music on people's psychological activities. He believes that music is "a melody used to treat depression and internal diseases ...". Also known as "music medicine", the "purification" function of music.
Aristotle also positively evaluated the medical value of music, arguing that patients who are out of control "will be ecstatic after listening to the music, so they will return to their original normal state, just like receiving medical treatment or lavage."
Socrates: Ecstasy music has a relaxing effect. He regards loose harmony as "intoxicating harmony, not a temporary intoxication, but an intoxication after the joy disappears".
Principle of music therapy
A large number of experimental results show that the function of the right hemisphere of the brain dominates music activities. Many emotions and behaviors are controlled by the right hemisphere. Music is characterized by its direct and obvious influence on the right hemisphere. The communication or transmission of music can communicate people's inner world and adjust people's mood or behavior, which is an important basis of the principle of music therapy.
The internal mechanism of music stimulation is physical. We feel sound through the auditory organs, and the nerve fibers of the auditory organs transmit sound signals to the thalamus and the cortical system of the brain, which makes them excited immediately. Some physiological reactions of the body to music include spontaneous and uncontrolled reflexes. When we listen to music, when the music accelerates, our breathing will also accelerate, which is an unconscious reflection. Some music components can obviously affect the nervous system, and the influence of music on mood will cause corresponding physiological reactions, such as changes in blood circulation, heart rate and breathing process.
Scientists use advanced experimental methods to measure the tiny vibration of cells on the surface of human skin, which is called "micro-vibration" for short. In fact, all cells in the human body are doing such "micro-vibration", especially in the heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract and other places. Under the unified command of the cerebral cortex, all the cells in the whole body are vibrating at a certain rhythm to synthesize a very coordinated whole body cell chorus. When music with a certain rhythm acts on the human body, if the rhythm of this piece of music is in tune with the physiological "micro-vibration" rhythm of the human body, there will be * * vibration between them, and the micro-vibration in the body will be strengthened, leading to the pleasure of the human body, and music is the medium that brings this pleasure. When the body is dysfunctional, the micro-vibration in the body is in an abnormal state. At this time, we choose a certain kind of music scientifically, and consciously use the power of music to regulate the micro-vibration activity in the body, so as to restore it to a normal state, thus achieving the purpose of treating diseases.
Second, music and emotion, behavior
Music is an art that can express human emotions. It can regulate people's emotions and physiological functions of various human systems. It can improve attention and memory, improve mood and mental state, relieve people's mental tension caused by complex social environment and interpersonal relationship, relieve inner anxiety and depression caused by rough life and unfortunate experience, and restore people's healthy and happy mental state. Music also has sedative, analgesic and hypnotic effects, and can even replace drugs to some extent. This therapeutic effect is achieved by influencing people's emotions and behaviors.
The influence of music on people's emotions is not only related to the whole music, but also closely related to the elements of music. People's mood often fluctuates with the change of music pitch. High notes are easy to make people feel high, low notes are easy to make people feel low, and midrange is comfortable and calm. Strong voice shows strength and is exciting; The lighter voice is weak and quiet; The loudness is moderate, which makes people feel warm and easygoing.
The elements of music affect people's mood. Melody can cause strong emotional reactions and many wonderful imaginations; Harmonious chords bring fullness and harmony, while discordant chords bring sharpness and tension. The March in double time gives people the feeling of firm pace, and the dance music in triple time gives people the feeling of cheerful jumping. The timbre is expressive, the wonderful timbre gives people a magical feeling, the timbre of violin makes people feel beautiful, the timbre of saxophone makes people feel sad, and the beautiful voice brings vitality. The combination of pitch, timbre, melody, rhythm, mode, volume intensity at all levels and many factors makes the emotional changes brought by music almost endless, which is exactly what music therapy needs.
Third, implement music therapy.
The process of music therapy generally includes four main steps: determining the problem of the helper (evaluation); Set treatment goals; According to the treatment goal, make music activities suitable for patients' physiology, intelligence and musical ability; Implement and evaluate the patient's response.
Music selection
Because everyone's personality, hobbies, emotions and situations are different, their preferences and choices for music are also different. Before music therapy, you should first choose music that suits your temperament and pay attention to "balance".
Just like vegetables, fish, fruits, bean products and other nutrients in food should be reasonably matched, we should also pay attention to maintaining balance when choosing our favorite music, that is, music is "yin and yang", "movement" and "strength".
The choice of music in music therapy must meet the following two criteria:
(1) The bass is deep and rich in content; The timbre of the tenor should be transparent, as infectious as sunlight through the window.
(2) The three elements of music, namely loudness, acoustics and timbre, should have a sense of harmony.
Four, music therapy matters needing attention
When conducting music therapy, we should pay attention to choosing a suitable environment and make psychological preparations:
(1) The indoor light should be bright and soft, not too dark. The air should be fresh, and it is best to have some flowers and plants indoors to make the environment lively.
(2) It is best to wash your face and clear your head before you start listening to music; Or rub your hands and massage your face with your palm for a few minutes, and the effect will be better.
(3) Close your eyes, sit still for a while, or do some deep breathing exercises.
(4) Different psychological states will produce different effects when listening to music, because the choice and appreciation of music is an intellectual activity. Taking a positive attitude can bring about benign emotional intelligence.
Fifth, the role of music therapy in college students' psychological adjustment.
1. Music art permeates college students' study and life, and plays a role in relieving depression, eliminating tension and venting emotions. Integrating music into university campus culture and forming a rich music culture atmosphere, the specific measures include: setting up student music clubs, music squares, music art salons, music libraries and music appreciation lectures.
2. Music is a way of self-expression and emotional release. After self-expression and self-release, emotions turn into conscious peace. Music art is the need to cultivate college students' healthy psychology. It provides an outlet for college students to vent their emotions, which can replace individuals to enter the depths of self-awareness and explore and discover their inner selves, thus achieving the effect of psychological adjustment.
3. Through music appreciation, a special artistic channel, college students are psychologically adjusted, and a mental health education mode combining in-class and out-of-class, guidance and self-help is formed, so that their emotions can be expressed and released, and their good mental state can be restored and maintained.