Song Lian (1310--1381) in the early Ming Dynasty was "the first of the founding civil servants". Some of his biographies are of great practical significance. The more famous works include "Qin Shi Lu", "Wang Mian Biography", "The Biography of Li Yi" and so on. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in response to the constraints of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and Eight-legged Essay, the First Seven Sons, headed by Li Mengyang and He Jingming, launched the "Restore Movement", advocating that literature should be compared to the Qin and Han Dynasties. While they played a certain positive role in eradicating the stereotyped writing style, they also embarked on the path of blindly imitating the ancients. Later, the "Later Seven Sons" retro movement represented by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen also repeated their mistakes again.
"Qin Shi Lu":
Deng Bi, courtesy name Boyi, was from Qin. He is seven feet long, his eyes have purple edges, and they open and close like lightning. A man who can use his strength to fight against an ox cannot break it. He punches its spine and breaks it to the ground. There are stone drums at the market gate, and ten people can lift them. He can't lift them, so he can carry them with both hands. However, he is good at drinking wine, glaring at people, and people often avoid him, saying: "Don't get close to a crazy person, otherwise you will be humiliated."
One day, while drinking alone in a prostitute, two scholars, Xiao and Feng, passed by. Under it, he was quickly led to drink. The two beings despise him and reject him with all his strength. Bi angrily said: "If you don't obey me in the end, I will kill you and run away to the mountains and rivers. I can't bear your suffering!" The two had no choice but to obey. Bi took his place in the middle of the feast, pointed to the left and right, bowed his head and sat there, drinking and singing for fun. Drunk, he took off his clothes and sat on the dustpan, drew his sword and placed it on the case, making a loud sound. Liang Shengya heard that he was drunk and wanted to get up, but Bi stopped and said: "Don't go! Bi is not familiar with books, how can you look at each other like tears and saliva? I don't want to drink quickly today. I want to stop vomiting the grievances in my chest." . Siku Shu Congjun asked ⑨, but he couldn't answer it. "When blood is a blade," Liang Sheng said, "Is that so?" One last word. After further inquiry into the history of the past dynasties, for three thousand years, it is as clear as a pearl (12). Bi smiled and said, "Are you waiting for me?" The two of them looked at each other in despair and did not dare to ask any more questions. When Bi asked for wine, he was so excited that he shouted: "I have surpassed the old man today! The ancients learned to nourish the Qi, but now people are dying when they wear Confucian clothes. They only want to write and write, and their children will care for the heroes of the world (13). How can this be!" What's wrong with this! You're done waiting for me. (14) "The two men have many talents. When they heard Bi's words, they were so ashamed that they couldn't even move forward. After returning home, I asked where he was and where he was traveling, but I didn't see him groaning while holding a book (15).
At the end of Taiding (16), King De enforced the law and visited the Western Yushitai (17). Bi wrote thousands of words and paid homage to him. When the soldiers failed to pass (18), Bi said: "If you don't know Deng Boyi in Guanzhong?" He attacked several people in succession (19), and the voice was heard by the king. The king ordered people to punish him (20) and wanted to whip him. Bi said angrily: "How can I be disrespectful to a strong man? Although there is nothing wrong with me today, the barbarians on the East China Sea Islands (21) have not yet obeyed me. During the period, some people sailed on sea ships to trade with each other in Yin (22). When they were dissatisfied with what they wanted, they drew out their fire swords. The barbarians in the southwestern part of China (25) killed and wounded our Chinese people. Cheng Huangwu Zuozhu (26), said that the system is the same as China (27), and the people with great ambitions are as angry as the one or two generations of Bi, driving a hundred thousand people to sharpen their swords and cut them down (28), then the east and west will be conquered by the sun. It's not like you are a king. How can you be disrespectful to a strong man?" When the people in the court heard this, they all shrank their necks and stuck out their tongues, unable to retract them. The king said, "You call yourself a strong man, hold your spear and make noise, and climb the fortified city?" He said, "Yes." "Can you assassinate a general among a million troops?" He said, "Yes." "Break through the encirclement and collapse the formation. Can you protect the leader?" He said, "Yes." The king looked around and said, "I'll give it a try." He asked what he wanted, and said, "One horse each with iron armor, and two swords, male and female." The king ordered them to be given. Fifty people (29) who were good at spearing galloped their horses out of the east gate and then sent Bi there. When the king came to watch, an empty palace followed (30). When Ji Bi arrived, all the soldiers advanced; Bi Hu roared and ran, and the men and horses took fifty steps (31), and their faces were colorless. Smoke and dust were already rising in the sky, but two swords were seen flying in the clouds, and the horse's head was chopped off and fell to the ground, dripping with blood (32). Wang Fubi said happily (33): "A sincere warrior! A sincere warrior!" He ordered the spoonful of wine to be served to Bi, but Bi stood up and drank without bowing. As a result, he became famous for a while, and became the king of comparison, Iron Spear Cloud (34).
The king recommends all the emperors in the first chapter, and the prime minister and the king have a rift (35), and they do not want to do anything (36). Bi looked around and sighed: "I was born with copper ribs and iron ribs. If I don't make achievements thousands of miles away, I will die three feet under the wormwood (37). Life is also time. What else can I say?" Then he entered the king's room. Wushan became a Taoist priest and died in the next ten years.
The historian said: Less than twenty years after Bi died, the world was in chaos. There were no people in the Central Plains for thousands of miles. Blackbirds came and descended (38), lost their homes, and competed among the trees. When Bi is here, he must be able to see for himself. What a pity! If it doesn't work to kill ghosts, that's it. If it does, I know it will be furious.
Notes ① This article focuses on excerpts of Deng Bi drinking prostitutes, Lou Qiang, and Confucian scholars competing in literature and art, breaking into the prince's palace to show his knowledge, and competing in martial arts. The talents, as well as the resentment of not being used by the time, are reflected on the paper, and the ending is full of emotion, which makes people daydream. ②Purple ridges in both eyes: Describes a sharp and energetic vision. Purple edge, Tang Liu Xun's "Ling Biao Lu Yi": "There are many purple quartz in Longchuan Mountain, its color is light purple, its quality is clear, it has five edges depending on its size, and the two ends are like arrowheads." Purple quartz, that is, amethyst. ③擘(bò気): separate. ④舁(yúyu): Lift. ⑤ Make wine: Use wine to have sex. ⑥Don't follow me: Don't follow me. ⑦Endure the pain: endure your contempt. ⑧Jiju: The legs are stretched forward and spread apart, and the hands are on the knees, shaped like a dustpan. Arrogance and disrespect. ⑨Sikushu: refers to the four volumes of Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji.
"New Book of Tang·Yiwenzhi": "The two capitals (Chang'an and Luoyang) each gathered four volumes of books, with A, B, C, and D as the order, listing the classics, history, Zi, and Ji Siku." Later, the four volumes of books were called the Siku. Library book. ⑩Seven Classics: Seven Confucian classics respected since the Han Dynasty. The "Yi Zi Shi Jing" of the Eastern Han Dynasty takes "Yi", "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Spring and Autumn", "Gongyang" and "The Analects" as the seven classics; Song Liu Chang's "Short Biography of the Seven Classics" takes "Book", "Poetry", "Three Rites", "Gongyang" and "The Analects" are the Seven Classics; Wang Yinglin's "Xiao Xiaozhu" includes "Yi", "Book", "Poetry", "Three Rites", " "Spring and Autumn" and "Poetry", "Book", "Spring and Autumn", "Three Rites" and "The Analects". The article generally refers to Confucian classics. (11) Chuan Shu: Those who annotate scriptures are called "Zhuan", and those who interpret scriptures are called "Shu". (12)□(sǎ丝)□: eloquently and in order. "Han Feizi·Nanyan": "Smooth words are better than slippery words, and they are eloquent." Volume 1 of Song Guo Tuo's "Zi Che Zhi": "The words are hundreds of words, and they are organized." Note: "□□, There are chapters.” (13) Children care for the heroes of a lifetime: treat heroes of a lifetime like children. (14) Stop it: Forget it. (15) Moaning while holding a book: chanting and reading while holding a book. (16) Taiding: The reign name of Emperor Taiding of the Yuan Dynasty (1324-1328). (17) King De: That is, Mazartai. In the fourth year of Taiding (1327), he paid homage to Shaanxi Xingtai to govern the book and serve as the censor. In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1340), he was granted the title of King Zhong, and after his death, he was granted the title of King of De. (18)阍(hūn faint): soldier guarding the gate. (19) 渣(bó波): Knock down. He fell down. (20)捽(zuó yesterday): pull. (21) Donghai Island Yi: refers to the Japanese. (22) Yin (yín silver): Yin County belongs to Ningbo. (23) Fire knife: a weapon. (24) Control the string and guide the arrow: draw the bow and shoot the arrow. (25) Zhuman: Various ethnic minorities. Barbarians, a general term for ethnic minorities in the south in ancient times. (26) Huangwu Zuohuan (dao road): The car cover used by ancient emperors was lined with yellow silk, so it was named Huangwu. The large flag erected on the left side of the scale on the emperor's chariot is named Zuohu. (27) Zhizhi: Exercise the rights of the emperor. (28) Sharpening the sword horizontally: It is a metaphor for elite soldiers who are good at fighting. "Old History of the Five Dynasties·Jing Yanguang Biography": "Informed King Rong: '...there are one hundred thousand people in the Jin Dynasty sharpening their swords. If you want to fight, you should come early.'" (29) Yin Jie: secret order. 槊(shuò朔): Spear. (30) Empty Yifu: All the people in the Yifu are dispatched. (31) Piyi: Retreat in shock. "Historical Records·The Chronicles of Xiang Yu": "At that time, Chiquanhou was a cavalry commander and chased King Xiang. King Xiang scolded him with angry eyes. Chiquanhou's men and horses were all frightened, and they moved several miles away." Zhang Shoujie's "Justice": "The words said that both men and horses were frightened. It is easy to open the old place, even for several miles." (31) Blood dripping: blood keeps flowing down. (33) Touching Bibi (bìbi): Patting the thigh. (34) Wang Tiejian: Wang Yanzhang, courtesy name Ziming, a native of Liang in the Five Dynasties. Brave and powerful, holding an iron spear, galloping like flying, his military nickname is Wang Iron Spear. (35) Prime Minister: At that time, the Prime Minister on the left was Daolasha, and the Prime Minister on the right was Ta Shitemu'er. (36) Grid: Containment. "Historical Records: The Family of King Xiao of Liang": "Empress Dowager Dou discussed the situation." Sima Zhen's "Index" quoted Zhang Yan as saying: "The situation means stopping." (37) Death by inaction: refers to death by inaction. Haggard, dry.