The famous irrigation project of Gubeitang in Huaihe River Basin. Also known as Anfengtang. Located in the south of Shouxian County, Anhui Province. Chu Zhuangwang in the Spring and Autumn Period was built by Sun Shuai from 16 to 23 years (598 BC-59 BC1year) (according to legend, it was built by Chu Zisi during the Warring States Period). For more than 2500 years, irrigation efficiency has been playing a role in varying degrees. Shaobei began to read Hanshu. Geography ",and the Western Han Dynasty set up a vicious official to be responsible for irrigation maintenance. In the eighth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 83), Wang opened paddy fields in northern Shaobei. During the period of 1959, the cultural relics team of Anhui Provincial Cultural Bureau excavated a site of water conservancy project (sketch weir) in Han Dynasty at the crossing of Anfengtang Dam, accompanied by cultural relics such as water official hammer in Han Dynasty.
The main water source in Shaobei is Pi River. The area of Shaobei Irrigation District was generally recorded in the 4th-1 3rd century. It is said that there are110,000 hectares of irrigated land and more than 5,000 hectares of irrigated land. "Water classic. Fei Shui Zhu records the origin and project scale of Shaobei in detail, and points out that there are five gates (Shuikou) in Beibei, which breathe in the stream. In the Sui Dynasty, it was renovated and increased to 36 doors. It lasted until the Song Dynasty. These 36 nozzles can still adjust the order of irrigation water according to the increase or decrease of inlet and outlet water. Ming Jiajing's Shouzhou Zhi recorded in detail the specific names and flow directions of 36 gates at that time, and the irrigation canal was 783 miles long. In the Qing Dynasty, from Qianlong to Guangxu, there were 28 gates in Shaobeimen.
As for the man-made destruction of the Shaobei Project, the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were affected by wars many times. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, landlords and local tyrants have mostly occupied and made illegal decisions. Take Shaobeipi district as an example. By the Ming Dynasty, the pond occupied was about 50 miles long, and the pond was transformed into more than 56,967 mu of fields. In the 19th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1483), the sluice was set in Shaobei. Because landlords and local tyrants occupied vicious fields, the water storage area decreased. When the rainy season rises, in order to prevent private fields from being flooded, landlords steal vicious dike drainage, dry up the bottom of the pool and continue to occupy the land. In order to prevent theft and reclamation, a sluice was set up for control. In the second year of Qingganlong (1737), a rockfill dam was built in the south of Zhongxingji. By the Republic of China, the irrigation efficiency in northern Shaobei was getting lower and lower, and the irrigation area of 1949 was only over 80,000 mu. Now it is an anti-regulation reservoir in Pishihang Irrigation District.
2. Hangou, a famous water conservancy project in history.
The ancient canal connecting the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, China was first seen in the canal with clear records. Also known as Qushui, Hanjiang River, Zhongdushui, Huaiyang Canal and Lili Canal. Hangou starts from the Yangtze River south of Yangzhou in the south and reaches the Huaihe River north of Huai 'an in the north. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, conquered the north. In 486 BC, Hancheng (now Yangzhou) was built and Hangou was opened. At first, the southern end diverted water from the Yangtze River to the north, bypassing a series of lakes in the north, connected by short artificial channels, which were curved and finally entered the Huaihe River. During the Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the change of natural conditions, the river could not be introduced into the canal. The upstream is navigable by diverting water from Yizheng, and a weir gate is built at the mouth of the canal to save water. There are also many weirs on the river.
The Sui Dynasty reopened the river twice and became an important section of the North-South Grand Canal. In the Tang Dynasty, the sandbars in the Yangtze River expanded and bordered on the north bank. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), the Yilou River was connected to the south of Yangzi Town and entered the river through Guazhou. Since then, Guazhou Port has been used together with the collection and distribution port. During the Northern Song Dynasty, dozens of shiplocks, dams, culverts, dams and other buildings were built on the gullies of the Han River, and the world's earliest shiplock, the compound shiplock, appeared. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal was opened, and Hangou became a part of it. The south entrance is in Guazhou and Yizheng, and the north entrance is still in Huai 'an North.
3. The famous water conservancy project in history-Zhangyin Twelve Canal
Large-scale diversion irrigation canal system in China in the early Warring States period with Zhangshui as its source. The irrigation area is south of Zhanghe River (now north of Anyang City, Henan Province). Historical books and other ancient books record that Ximen Bao was founded in 422 BC, and Wei Wenhou Ye (Zhiye Town, now forty miles southwest) during the Warring States Period. The first canal head is in Xiye 18, and Xiang Yan 12 has 12 low overflow weir. All weirs are equipped with water intakes and water intake gates on the upstream right bank, forming a 12 channel. The irrigated area is less than 65438+ 10,000 mu. Muddy water can deposit silt, fertilize fields and increase production. Yedi became rich. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao took Yedi as the base and renovated it according to its original form. Twelve Weirs are called Twelve Lights and renamed Jing Kai Weir.
Lu's "The Canal in the Spring and Autumn Music City" was written in history, about after Ximen Bao 100, criticizing Ximen Bao for not knowing how to irrigate the fields. The adoption of this statement in Hanshu Goujian contradicts the Historical Records. Later generations reconciled two theories, saying that Ximen Bao opened the canal first and history began to open again. In the second year of Tianping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (535), the Tian Ping Canal was rebuilt and became the head of a single canal. The irrigation area was expanded and later renamed Wanjin Canal. The head of the canal is more than 40 miles north of Anyang today, on the south bank of Zhanghe River. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, irrigation areas with Zhangshui and Huanshui (now Yanghe) as their sources were formed in this area. In the Tang Dynasty, the Tian Ping Canal rebuilt its branch canal, irrigating farmland 10 million mu. In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, it was still restored and utilized. 1959, Yuecheng Reservoir was built on Zhanghe River. Instead of ancient irrigation canals, the two banks diverted reservoir water to irrigate millions of acres of land.