Usage of classical Chinese quotations

1. Usage of "cause" in classical Chinese 1. As a verb: imitate. "Because of my legacy, I took Hanzhong to the south."

Vernacular translation: Inherit the cause of Qin State and take Hanzhong to the south according to the original established policy.

Source: On Qin by Jia Yi in Han Dynasty

Second, as a verb: continue. "Besides, I am hungry because I am a teacher."

Vernacular translation: often invaded by foreign troops, coupled with internal famine.

Source: Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period "Sitting by Luz, Zeng Yong, You Ran and Gong Xihua"

As a verb: according to. "approve the big ones and guide the big ones, because it is a matter of course."

According to the natural physiological structure of cattle, we should break into the gap between the bones and muscles of cattle and eat along the gap between the bones, according to the original structure of cattle.

Source: Zhuangzi, My Skillful Hand, Jieniu, Zhuang Zhou, Han Dynasty

Fourth, as a verb: adapt. "Reformers change with the times."

Vernacular translation: Those who reform the system should be flexible according to the current situation.

Source: The Book of Tea by Lv Buwei at the end of the Warring States Period.

5. As a noun: reason, opportunity. "There is no reason for this."

At this point, it is impossible to meet and date again.

Source: Anonymous "Sunflowers Fly Southeast" in Han Dynasty

6. Preposition: Introduce the reason of action, which can be translated as "because" and "because". "If you add grace, there is no reason to think."

Vernacular translation: When giving favors to others, we should think about not giving them improperly just because we are happy at the moment.

Source: Wei Zhi's Ten Thoughts on the Advice of Emperor Taizong.

Pinyin: y and n

Explanation:

1, reason, reason, conditions that existed before things happened: reason. Factors. Causal etiology.

2. reason: because of (wèi). Therefore.

3. follow, follow, follow: therefore. Therefore. Give up eating because of choking. Xiangyin, chenchen.

Extended data

Chinese character strokes:

Related words:

1, so [y and né r]

Conjunction represents the result.

2. Karma

Buddhism calls that thing cause because of this thing; This thing is called fate because of that thing.

3. factors [y and n z ǐ]

Factors.

4. Reason [Change Y and n]

The reason for the formation of (things).

5. Ryan

It is often used as a metaphor for beautiful predecessors such as orchids.

2. With regard to the usage of ancient Chinese, the usage of "er" in ancient Chinese (classical Chinese) is complicated, with two pronunciations of ér and néng; ; It can be a real word in some sentences and a function word in another sentence; Content words can be nouns, verbs or pronouns; Function words can be conjunctions or auxiliary words. There are about twenty meanings and usages.

Below, I take the explanation in the preferred reference book of ancient Chinese as the basis, and supplement some sentences in classical Chinese in middle school textbooks as examples. I'll call you together.

Table modifiers are usually used after a description: "I'm up."

but

I . er

A cheek hair, like a hair. The drooping of scales and hair is also called. Such as "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji Zi Ren": "Anyone who robs, kills, helps, eats, etc. Will dig deep into his claws, expose his eyes and make a scale. " "Anyone who kills other things and bites this kind of thing must carve his claws deeply, stick out his eyes and shake up his scales and cheek hair."

Two pronouns. Send "er" to you, which means to call the second person. It can be translated as "you" and "you".

Three conjunctions

⒈ indicates a coordinate relationship, in which two connected items are parallel and equally important, and can be translated as "he", "he", "you" and "he" or not.

1. indicates the undertaking relationship, and the two items are undertaken in time, action or matter, which can be translated as "Jiu", "Then", "Lai", "Convenience" or "Inconvenience".

3. Represents a progressive relationship. The meaning of the latter item is closer to that of the former item, which can be translated as "harmony" and "and so on. 4. Represents the modifying relationship, and the modified item in the preceding paragraph connects the adverbial and the head language, without translation.

⒌ indicates a turning point, and the meanings of two connected items are relative or opposite, which can be translated as "que", "but" and "ke". Come on up. "

3. The usage of (because) in the ancient Chinese Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "because, it is also big."

Literacy means "those who are able to be big, surround them". The original meaning of "cause" is "dependence" and "dependence", and the meanings of "obedience" and "reason" are both content words, which are still used in modern Chinese.

The function word usage of "yin" originated from the real meaning and came into being in the pre-Qin period. Can be used as prepositions and conjunctions.

The usage of the preposition "yin" has existed since ancient times and has not changed much; With the disyllabic trend of Chinese vocabulary, the conjunction "yin" is gradually replaced by disyllabic words such as "because", "so" and "so", but it is still occasionally used in modern Chinese written language. 1. Preposition 1. Introduce the location and direction of behavior.

It can be translated as "from" and "from". Because I see stars in the well, I can't see many stars; From the perspective of the Autumn Shang Dynasty, we can see its beginning and its entry (The Gloss of the Dead) 2. Introduce the time and conditions of behavior.

It can be translated as "use", "use" and "follow", or it can still be used as "reason". Therefore, Xiang Ru went forward and knelt down to invite the King of Qin (Lian Po's Biography of Lin Xiangru). 3. Introduce the things or conditions that actions and behaviors depend on, depend on and depend on when they occur and appear.

It can be translated as "lean", "lean" and "lean", etc., or it is still an example of "cause": for example, Chu, because of Shanxi merchants, used ministers with thick coins and set up sophistry in their favor (Biography of Qu Yuan).

It can be translated into "evidence", "evidence" and so on, or it can still be used as "cause" to adapt to local conditions and time (idiom) 5. Use people or things as a medium or means to achieve a certain purpose or implement a certain action.

It can be translated as "Jing" and "You", etc., or it can still be used as "Cause". For example, Lian Po heard that he was naked and apologized for the guests coming to Lin Xiangru Gate (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru). 6. Reasons and reasons for introducing action behavior.

It can be translated as "because" or "because", or it can still be "because". For example, if you add kindness, you will be rewarded for thinking without joy; As far as punishment is concerned, there is no reason to abuse punishment because of anger (Ten Thoughts on admonishing Taizong). Second, the conjunction 1. Connecting clauses indicate inheritance, and two things are sequential in time or matter, which can be translated as "then", "then" and "then".

Example: After entering Wuguan, Qin Fu Bing was completely defeated, because he stayed with the king in order to carve up the land (Biography of Qu Yuan). 2. The first sentence of the causal complex sentence uses a connecting clause to express the reason. It can be translated as "because" or "because", or it can still be "because".

Example: Teacher Niang has long been determined to be a good person because she sees that the greed for money is meaningless ("Du Niang is angry and sinks a treasure chest"). The dictionary explains that it is because of yρn( 1)ㄧㄣˉ(2), the reason, the condition that existed before the incident: the original ~. ~ element.

~ fruit. Sick ~.

(3) reason: ~ is (w degrees). ~ and.

(4) follow, follow, follow: ~ this. ~ it.

~ follow (a. follow; B. procrastination) ~ choke on food.

Chen ~ (5) Zheng code: JD, U:56E0,: D2F2 (6) Number of strokes: 6, radical: Ai, serial number: 25 134 1 reference vocabulary-. Detailed description of fruit.

From power to power. Big shots.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions-shaped, like a man on a car mat. Original meaning: the original meaning of "Yin", cushion, car cushion) (2) The original meaning is the same [cushion; Because, so is it.

-"Shuo Wen". Zhu Note: "It's all wrong.

Jiang always said,' It looks like a mattress, but it looks like a seam in the middle.' According to Yin's ancient prose.

Jiang agreed. "(3) Cause [Cause] Although there are many different paths, where is the cause and effect? -"The Biography of Liang Shu Fan Town" claims to be powerful and wavers for no reason.

-Bai Juyi's poem "There are Woods" (4) Another example: karma (Buddhism refers to things that have causes and consequences, good causes have good results, and evil causes have bad consequences); Cause and effect (5) opportunity [opportunity; There is no reason for this. -use [rely on; Who is extremely dependent on because of whom.

-"Poetry, Servant Style, Carrying Chi" talks about the world because it is well prepared. -Everything is done by people.

-"Historical Records Biography of Ping Yuanjun Yuqing" was used by ministers of Shanxi merchants because of its thick currency. -"Historical Records, Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" (2) Another example: karma (morality; Basis) for stealing fake positions (buying official positions with bribes); For personal benefit (in the name of the public); Rely on (rely on; Relying on); Attachment; Because of the country (a country that can be relied on and used) (3) follow [follow] Yin Yin, the gains and losses are also known.

-The Analects of Confucius is a legacy. -Han Jiayi's On Qin is set in Qin king Palace, according to its treasures.

-Zhang Heng's "Tokyo Fu" (4) Another example: inheritance (inheritance, inheritance); (5) [Connection] Yining ancient city, a small hill by the water, with hundreds of giant bamboos planted on it. -Song Luyou's "West Reception Hall Bamboo Works" (6) Shun; Adapt [supply; Conform; Obey] because it is (because: follow.

Of course: that's it. The natural structure of cattle).

-"Zhuangzi Health Master" is a tree with an inch in diameter ... Because of the situation, it has its own modality. (Because of the potential pictograph, the shape is simulated as a log.

Because, just follow, follow. Potential, potential, here refers to the shape characteristics of the material itself.

Image, verb, simulation. Shape, shape).

-Wei Ming Yi Xue's "The Story of the Nuclear Ship" (7) Another example: convenience (by the way); Blowing fire by the wind (metaphor for taking advantage of the trend, effortless) (8) phase; Going [going] is greedy and forbearing, not because of it. -"Mandarin Zheng Yu" (9) Because of marriage-homophonic "Shuowen":' Because, it is also big.

Again,' talent and high education, especially Beijingers, are special'. Sleepy training is synonymous with cause and meaning.

Because marriage is synonymous with homophones and is false. Why did you take a vacation? First of all, you get married for two people. Together, getting married is a man robbing a woman in the dark.

I got married because the woman was robbed. The Book of Songs goes its own way:' If marriage is lost, it will be born.

..... Because of the faint marriage, the words will last forever. "Word" is a function word and meaningless; .

4. The usage of "quotation" in ancient Chinese is quotation, but the quotation in the middle means quotation.

If you lead troops, you will be led. Draw water from the river to help ... the quotation in "neck introduction" means "Shen" In ancient Chinese, quotation also means extension, continuation, suggestion, suicide, recommendation and invitation.

Quote ancient terms. See Yi Li, Gui Zhi and Fan Shi Ding 'an in Qing Dynasty.

There are roughly two meanings: (1) Bring back the chess pieces cut by the enemy. Xu Quji, a close friend, introduced Weiqi: "Help the son in the tight encirclement far away and make him take advantage of the situation to lead him."

Or equivalent to modern "crossing". (2) that is, "retreat".

Xu Runzhou's illustration of Weiqi terms: "Introduction also means bringing back." Quote yǐn (1) (I know.

From the bow. (three means arrow.

The arrow is on the string and will be launched soon. Original meaning: open the bow) (2) The same as the original meaning [open the bow], open the bow.

-"Shuo Wen" The gentleman cited but did not send it, such as a mistake. -"Mencius" shot with a bow.

-"Huai Nan Zi said Xun Lin" I drew a bow for you and gave a bird away for free. -"Warring States Policy Chu Ce" After the Great Wall, the country that drew the bow was ordered to be Khan.

-"Historical Records and Biography of Xiongnu" Ding Zhuang, leading the string to play. -"Huai Nan Zi Ren Jianxun" The iron handle is broken and the ring is complex ... which leads to the length of Zhang Xu.

-Wei Ming Xi's Biography of the Great Iron Vertebra (3) Another example: leading the hand (leading the archer); Bow painting (bow painting); Pull (bow to the full) (4) Pull [pull] People are leading the baby to throw it into the river. The baby crows.

-"Lu Chunqiu Cha Jin" is like going to a place. -"Historical Records, Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" led a car to hide.

A friend is ashamed and gets off the bus. Fiona Fang is a beginner, regardless of (quoting) and pulling him (showing affection).

-"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Founder" (5) Another example: attracting the sun (La sun gear); Lead the hand (pull back the hand); Traction (traction) (6) prolonged; Continue [very cold; Continued] children and grandchildren, suddenly cited. -"Poetry Xiaoya Chutz" (7) Another example: introducing the sun (delaying time); Introduction year (life extension); Lead the time (postpone the time) (8) [Pull the hair and move the whole body] Take the first look.

-The messenger of Ma's "The Legend of Zhongshan Wolf" came to wait for him with a knife in his hand. -"The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Zhuoxing Biography and Authentic Works" (9) Another example is: leading the head (stretching the head and neck, looking up.

Describe ardent hope); Hold hands (reach out); Neck introduction (neck extension); Guide arm (extension arm) involved (10); [Browsing] Climbing fruit leads to John Zhang. -Li Hanguang's biography of Su Jian (1 1) is another example: citation (attachment); Lead-and-catch (12) derivative meter.

-"Zuo Wenzhu's Six Years of An Gong" (13) is another example: turn around (turn around; Looking back); Lead the wind to blow the fire. Metaphor refers to fanning the flames and aggravating the situation); Leading merchants to carve feathers (referring to musical performances with great temperament, profound attainments and high achievements) (14) leading [leading] troops at night.

-"Zi Tong Zhi Ji Jian Tang" (15) Another example: Recitation (tell the emperor and write a letter); Lead (lead); Introduction (Informant, lead the way to catch people) (16) Introduction Decision and Suicide [Suicide] Feeling that three good people were martyred by Qin Xi, they were willing to give their lives and lead themselves. -Fu Wenxuan, widow of Pan Yue (17) Another example: suicide; Leadership tactics (leadership decision-making); Taking medicine (committing suicide by taking poison) (18) When quoting [quoting], it is not appropriate to belittle yourself, and the metaphor is meaningless.

-Zhuge Liang's model was introduced into the imperial edict. —— Liang Qingqichao's Biography of Tan Sitong (19) Another example is: metaphor is meaningless (for example, it is meaningless); According to ancient quotations (based on sentences or stories in ancient books of classics and history) (20), it is recommended that [remend] two people care for each other and swim like father and son.

-An Hou's Biography of Historical Records of Wei Wuqi (2 1) Another example: Introduction (recommended; Referral); Introduce (introduce, involve) (22) If you incur [incur], you must ask questions in person. -"Zi Tang" (23) Another example: attract (invite to accept); Provoke (provoke) (24)[ hold].

Such as: guiding the staff (supporting the staff); Lead a cup (raise a glass). (of drinking) (25) [Retreat from the beginning].

-"The Warring States Policy Yance" was cited in Jiangbei. -"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" (26) Another example is: attracting and avoiding (retiring and avoiding); Escape (retreat, escape) (27) Select [Select].

Such as: attracting talents (selecting talents) (28) attracting [attracting] into Huang Po Cave. -"Guangdong Military Affairs" (29) Another example is: calling friends (calling friends); Lead the dog into the village (metaphorically introducing the enemy or the bad guy); Drainage (guiding water flow) (30)[ resignation].

Introduce the old (retired). Resignation in old age); Lead away (take away; Back) (3 1) lift; Lift [lift] his dagger Qin Wang, Miss, Zhongzhu.

-"The Warring States Policy Yance" (32) Another example is: ear (vertical ear); Have a drink (raise a glass) (33) admit the right [admit] to bear the responsibility. -"The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi" (34) Another example: plead guilty; Quote (admit mistakes); Confess a crime (plead guilty) (35) Invite [summon] the son to lead Hou Sheng to sit down.

-"Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi" (36) Take it and take it out [take it; Get something out] Draw a sword. —— Introduction to the Brief Biography of Li Han Guangsu.

-Tao Jin Yuanming's Gui Xi Ci.

5. The usage of the word "Yin" in classical Chinese is urgent (1) (I know).