China, with Chinese civilization as its source and Chinese culture as its foundation, is one of the countries with the longest history in the world. People of all ethnic groups in China have created splendid cultures and glorious revolutionary traditions. China is a multi-ethnic country with the Han nationality as the main body. Commonly used Chinese and Chinese characters. Han nationality and ethnic minorities are collectively referred to as "Chinese nation", and they also call themselves "descendants of the Chinese people" and "descendants of dragons".
China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. About 5800 years ago, there were signs of the origin of civilization in the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the West Liaohe River. About 5300 years ago, all parts of China entered the stage of civilization.
Around 3800, the Central Plains region formed a relatively mature form of civilization, and radiated cultural influence in all directions. After many times of ethnic blending and dynasty alternation, the unified situation of multi-ethnic countries was finally formed. After the Revolution of 1911 in the early 20th century, the feudal monarchy was abolished and bourgeois democracy was established.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Chinese mainland established a socialist system of people's democratic dictatorship.
Ancient history-primitive society:
Representative figures: You Chao, Sui Ren, Fu, (Shennong), Huangdi (Xuanyuan), Yao, Shun and Yu.
The primitive society in China began with Yuanmou people about 6.5438+0.7 million years ago and ended with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in the 20th century BC. Primitive society experienced two periods: primitive people and clan commune. The clan commune has experienced two stages: matriarchal clan commune and paternal clan commune.
Yuanmou Man is the earliest known human being in China. Beijingers are typical primitive people. Neanderthals lived the life of a clan commune. Hemudu clan in the Yangtze River basin and Banpo clan in the Yellow River basin are the prosperous periods of matriarchal clan communes. The middle and late Dawenkou culture reflects the patriarchal commune.
The project of "Comprehensive Research on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization" holds that there were signs of the origin of civilization in the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the West Liaohe River around 5800 years ago. About 5300 years ago, all parts of China entered the stage of civilization.
Around 3800, the Central Plains region formed a relatively mature form of civilization, which radiated cultural influence in all directions and became the core and leader of the whole process of Chinese civilization.
According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was the leader of the primitive tribal alliance that lived in the Yellow River valley about 4,500 years ago. He advocated planting grain and domesticating livestock, which made this tribal alliance stronger gradually.
He once led the tribe to defeat the Yan Di tribe in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Chiyou tribe in the south. Later, Yan Di tribe and Huangdi tribe formed an alliance and lived and multiplied in the Yellow River basin for a long time, which constituted the main part of the Chinese nation in the future. The Yellow Emperor is revered as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation is called the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and that's how it came about.
After the Yellow Emperor, the outstanding leaders of tribal alliances in the Yellow River valley were Yao, Shun and Yu in turn. At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance was elected. When Yao was old, a tribal alliance meeting was held, and everyone elected the talented Shun as his successor.
After Yao's death, Shun inherited Yao's position. When Shun was old, he also used the same method to give up his position to Yu, who had made contributions to water control. This method of changing the position of the leader is called "abdication".