1605 (thirty-three years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Matteo Ricci, an Italian Jesuit missionary, wrote Miracle in Western Languages, which is regarded as "the earliest phonetic scheme for Chinese characters in Latin letters".
1625, Giniger revised and supplemented the Roman phonetic notation scheme of Matteo Ricci and others, and wrote a complete Roman phonetic notation book, entitled Eyes and ears of Western Confucianism.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there appeared a phonetic notation way to express Chinese pronunciation with simple ancient characters. During the Republic of China, the government formulated "phonetic symbols", which was the concentrated embodiment of this system, but at the same time, there was a phonetic symbol movement of Latin characters, which was closely related to the left-wing political movement.
* * * After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the government immediately formulated the Chinese Pinyin Scheme, which is now used and approved by the United Nations.
Extended data
Chinese syllables can be divided into three parts: initials, finals and tones. The initial consonant is the initial consonant, the rest is the vowel, the tone is the pitch of the whole syllable, and the Chinese tone is semantic.
For example, the initials of "soup, sugar, lying and scalding" are all T, and the finals are all ang. Just because the tone is different, the meaning is different. They represent four different morphemes in the language and are written as four different words.
Initial consonants are all consonants, and the most complicated vowel consists of three parts: the middle tone, the main vowel and the ending. There are consonants and vowels at the end of rhyme. There are 23 consonants in Beijing dialect. Consonants end with I, U and ≤ 3, N and ng, and vowels end with I and U. Of the four parts of a syllable, initial consonant, intermediate consonant, main vowel and final vowel, only the main vowel is essential, and the other three parts are not.
Pinyin is the process of Pinyin Festival, that is, according to the formation law of syllables in Mandarin, initials and finals are quickly and continuously spelled and combined with tones to form a syllable. The key point of Pinyin is: "The first sound (initial) is light, the last sound (vowel) is heavy, and the two sounds collide violently."
Attention should also be paid to the correct pronunciation of initials, finals and tones when spelling. Read initials, not pronunciations; Vowels should be read as a whole. Don't break down the rhyme head, rhyme belly and rhyme tail and put them together temporarily. To see key signature clearly, please read the tune correctly.
China News Network-History of Chinese Pinyin
China News Network —— 60th anniversary of the promulgation of Chinese Pinyin Scheme. Do you know how it came into being?
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