Wrong, it’s Chen Yinke (que)
Chen Yinke (1890-1969) was from Yining (now Xiushui County). The third son of Chen Sanli, a famous poet of the Qing Dynasty. His wife, Tang Shu, was the granddaughter of Taiwan Governor Tang Jingsong and a female teacher. They met in Tsinghua University. The two had similar interests and got married in Shanghai in 1928. Chen Yinke attended a private school in Nanjing when he was young. Under the influence of his family environment, he was able to recite the Thirteen Classics from an early age and read extensively classics, history, and philosophy.
In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902), Chen Yinke followed his brother Hengke to Japan and entered Sugamo Hongwen College. In 1905, he dropped out of school due to foot illness and returned to China, and later studied at Wusong Fudan Public School in Shanghai. In 1910, he was admitted to study abroad at official expense, and successively studied at the University of Berlin in Germany, the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and the Ecole Supérieure d'Etudes Politiques in Paris, France. The First World War broke out and he returned to China in 1914. In the winter of 1918, he received official funding from Jiangxi Province and went abroad to study again. He first studied Sanskrit and Pali with Professor Lanman at Harvard University in the United States. In 1921, he transferred to the University of Berlin in Germany to study oriental paleography with Professor Ludsch. At the same time, he learned Central Asian ancient writing from Miao Qin and Mongolian language from Heinis. During his studies abroad, he studied diligently and accumulated knowledge in all aspects. Moreover, he has the ability to read more than ten languages ??including Mongolian, Tibetan, Manchu, Japanese, Sanskrit, English, French, German and Pali, Persian, Turkic, Tangut, Latin and Greek, especially Sanskrit and Pali. Writing is a tool for studying history. He has a profound foundation in Chinese studies, is proficient in national history, and absorbs a lot of Western culture. Therefore, his insights are highly praised by scholars at home and abroad.
In 1925, Chen Yinke returned to China. At this time, Tsinghua School was restructured into a university and the Institute of Chinese Studies was established. Its "basic concept is to use modern scientific methods to organize the national heritage." The most famous scholars at that time, such as Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao and Zhao Yuanren, were appointed as tutors. Wu Mi, the director of the institute at the time, thought highly of him and considered him "the most knowledgeable person in China." Liang Qichao also respected him and humbly introduced him to others: "Mr. Chen's knowledge is better than mine." They all tried their best to recommend him to the school. In June 1926, when he was only 36 years old, he applied to be a tutor at the institute together with Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei, and they were called the "Tsinghua Big Three". At that time, he was supervising graduate students at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and teaching part-time at Peking University. At the same time, he was researching and writing on Buddhist classics and frontier history. Courses such as Manchu and Mongolian language and history, and Buddhist studies are offered at Tsinghua University. When he lectured, he quoted various languages ??to assist with history, or quoted poems to illustrate history. From "Liangong Cave" to "Pipa Xing" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", he all said it with confidence, and the sources of the words were all accurate. The accompanying analysis is even more precise and impressive! Famous professors such as Wu Mi and Zhu Ziqing often come to attend lectures. Despite his reputation, he is simple and honest, modest and confident, sincere and not pretentious, and is known as a scholar. In 1930, Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies ceased operations, and Chen Yinke served as professor of the three departments of history, Chinese, and philosophy at Tsinghua University, director of the Academia Sinica, leader of the first group of the Institute of History and Philology, and director of the Palace Museum.
Chen Yinke originally studied comparative linguistics and was proficient in a variety of literatures, which provided him with greater convenience in collecting historical materials from other than Chinese to make history. He inherited the important evidence used by Qianjia scholars in the Qing Dynasty to make history. , the scientific spirit of emphasizing facts, and absorbing the Western "historical evolution method" (that is, examining history from the evolution and connection of things, and exploring historical materials), using this method of textual research and comparison that combines Chinese and Western methods to trace the source of some materials and verify them exact. On this basis, we should pay attention to the comprehensive analysis of historical facts, and examine the key points from the connections between many things, so as to solve a series of problems and obtain the truth of history. His precise textual research method surpassed the achievements of scholars during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, and developed our country's historical textual research.
Chen Yinke has made important discoveries in the translation, collation, and interpretation of Buddhist scriptures, as well as research on phonology, the origins of Mongolia, the origins of the Li and Tang clans, the origins of the military system, and cultural exchanges between China and India. He has published forty to fifty important papers in publications such as "Journal of the Institute of History of Academia Sinica" and "Journal of Tsinghua University". He is recognized by domestic and foreign academic circles as a knowledgeable and insightful historian. In 1938, Shiratori Kouki, an authority in Japanese history, encountered a difficult problem in his study of Central Asian history. He asked well-known German and Austrian scholars for help, but was unable to solve it. The University of Berlin recommended Inke. After he asked Yinke for advice, he got a satisfactory answer. Soviet archaeologists unearthed a Turkic stele, but no one could identify it. They asked Yin Ke for help and finally got an accurate decipher.
In July 1937, the Anti-Japanese War broke out, and the Japanese army approached Pingjin. Chen Yinke's father, Sanli, went on an indignant hunger strike and passed away suddenly. After the funeral, Yin Ke moved south with the school and lived a wandering life. In the autumn of 1938, Southwest Associated University moved to Kunming, and he arrived in Kunming with the school.
In the spring of 1939, Oxford University hired him as a professor of Sinology and awarded him the title of researcher of the Royal Society. He was the first professor of Chinese language and sinology employed at the school, which was a high honor at the time. He left Kunming for Hong Kong, intending to take a transfer with his family to England to teach at the University of Oxford. However, due to the outbreak of World War II, he was forced to live in Hong Kong temporarily and served as a visiting professor and director of the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong. On December 8, 1941, the Pacific War broke out and the Japanese occupied Hong Kong. Yin Ke immediately resigned and lived idle. The Japanese authorities appointed him to run the Institute of Oriental Literature with a daily payment of 400,000 yuan, but he firmly refused.
In the spring of 1942, someone was ordered by the Japanese to specially invite him to teach in Shanghai, which had been occupied by the Japanese army. He refused the order again, and immediately left Hong Kong and traveled to Guilin via Guangzhou Bay. He successively served as a professor at Guangxi University and Sun Yat-sen University, and soon moved to Yenching University to teach. At that time, in the face of national peril, the Kuomintang government was corrupt and incompetent. It was passive in resisting Japan and actively fighting against Japan. Yin Ke felt sad. However, some imperial literati in Guilin actually initiated a boring activity of presenting Jiuding to Chiang Kai-shek and persuaded him to participate. He wrote "Gui" "A Poem on a Late Spring Day": "Jiuding inscriptions argue about the morality of litigation, and a hundred years of roughness will always hurt the poor." To show sarcasm. During this period, while he was busy teaching, he was still committed to academic research and published two works: "Manuscript on the Origin of Institutions in the Sui and Tang Dynasties" and "Manuscript on the Political History of the Tang Dynasty", which put forward many new insights into the history of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It has opened up a new way for future generations to study the history of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Yinke once again applied to teach at Oxford University, and also went to London to treat his eyes. Diagnosis. Disappointed, Yin Ke resigned from his contract and returned to his motherland in 1949, where he taught at Tsinghua University and continued to engage in academic research. On the eve of liberation, he went to Guangzhou and refused the invitation of Fu Sinian, director of the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Academia Sinica of the Kuomintang, to go to Taiwan and Hong Kong to teach at Lingnan University in Guangzhou. The departments were restructured and Lingnan University merged with Sun Yat-sen University. Then he moved to Sun Yat-sen University to teach.
After liberation, he received great attention and meticulous care from the party and the government. He was successively appointed as a member of the Department of Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of the Chinese Museum of Culture and History, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ( According to "Chronicles of Mr. Chen Yinke", only Guo Moruo, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, wrote a letter requesting Chen Yinke to serve as the second director of the Institute of Philosophy and Social Sciences and History of the Academy of Sciences. It was noted that the resignation was not accepted and Chen Yuan was recommended to take his place. "Xiushui County Chronicle") and continued to serve as a professor at Sun Yat-sen University. Since 1956, central leaders such as Chen Yi, Tao Zhu, Zhou Yang, and Hu Qiaomu have visited him successively. Tao Zhu respected his knowledge and character, and in 1957 personally cared about his assistants and eye disease treatment. In 1962, his right leg was broken and a nurse was assigned to take care of him in shifts, which became a good talk among Guangdong intellectual circles. In 1962, Hu Qiaomu went to visit him and expressed concern about the publication of his collected works. He said: "There is a time to close the coffin, but there is no date for publication." Hu Qiaomu smiled and replied: "There is a time to publish, but it is still early to close the coffin." With the help of his assistant, he compiled "Manuscript of the Origin of Institutions in the Sui and Tang Dynasties" and "Review of the Political History of the Tang Dynasty" The old articles other than "Manuscripts of Yuanbai Poems and Notes" were compiled into "Sailiustang Collection" and "Jinmingguan Collection", and he wrote the monograph "The Biography of Liu Rushi", and finally wrote "Han Liutang Ji Meng" 》. His assistant Huang Xuan once said with emotion: "In his later years when he was blind, Master Yin was not afraid of hard work and hard work, and he stayed in seclusion to complete this manuscript (i.e. "Liu Rushi's Farewell Biography"). His perseverance is truly shocking and weeping. The spirit of ghosts and gods."
During the ten years of turmoil, Chen Yinke was brutally tortured. What made him most sad was that many of the books, poems and manuscripts he had collected for many years were looted. He passed away with regret on October 7, 1969 in Guangzhou.
Chen Yinke has long been committed to teaching and historical research. He loves the motherland, is serious in his scholarship, and seeks truth from facts. He has written high-level historical works in historical research, broadened people's historical horizons, and made contributions to the research of Chinese history. It has always been revered by people. Yinke is not only a great historian, but also outstanding in old-style poetry. He admired Tao (Yuanming) and Du (Fu), although they loved the poems of Li Bai and Li Yishan, but they did not consider them to be of the highest quality. He particularly liked poetry that was popular among the people, so he admired Bai Juyi the most. In his essay on the fate of rebirth, he said, "When discussing poetry, I also play the style of poetry." "Shi Cun" came out. His life works were compiled and collated by Jiang Tianzhu, professor of the Chinese Department of Fudan University. A two-volume, 2 million-word "Chen Yinke Xianji" was compiled into a volume in 1979 and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.