In fact, history is fair, and the opportunity to rise is not denied, but repeatedly ignored or abandoned. Let me give you a few simple examples.
After the First Opium War, a man named Wei Yuan wrote a Chart, which introduced in detail the world pattern at that time and the situation of western countries. He advocated learning advanced science and technology from the West, and put forward the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners", which opened a new trend of understanding the world and learning from the West, and was an important symbol of China's thought from tradition to modern times.
Wei Yuan is regarded as the first person to open his eyes to the world. At this time, it is 1852, which is the Daoguang period. If the Qing government can see the international situation clearly and make changes at this time, there is hope that China will rise again. However, this book is not taken seriously in China, and no one wants to change the status quo. However, this book was regarded as a classic by the Japanese, and it was reprinted in 1854, which caused great repercussions in Japan. Some people think that the book also indirectly promoted the Meiji Restoration Movement.
1888, beiyang fleet was founded, and its strength was the first in Asia at that time. 189 1 when the fleet went to Japan, it was admired by the Japanese. At that time, it was possible to dump the Japanese fleet for a few streets.
However, this visit has also stimulated Japan, from the emperor to all ministers, to save themselves, including the emperor and his mother, to donate money just to build their own fleet.
On the other hand, at home, the Qing government also suspected that beiyang fleet spent too much money, and Cixi even appropriated the money from the fleet to build the Summer Palace for her birthday.
In this way, how can we compare with Japan?
Therefore, although the Qing empire was huge, it was difficult to achieve it under the rule of fatuity. Although Japan is small, it is United as one, so its rise is inevitable.
Culturally, although Japan belongs to the traditional Confucian cultural circle, it is different from Korea, Vietnam and other countries. Japanese have equal views on China culture, and their world outlook is quite different from that of China. This is also the psychological and cultural basis for Japan to quickly get rid of psychological obstacles and pursue "leaving Asia and entering Europe" after encountering "the once-in-a-lifetime change".
Different from the autocratic political system of centralized monarchy in China, the Tokugawa era seemed to safeguard national unity, but actually it was more like the political ecology of the Eastern Zhou countries.
Because of this, the central government of China has more ruling power than the Japanese shogunate government, and has more energy to put out these subversive activities in the face of social unrest.
As a result, the decadent Qing Dynasty was able to resist the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, which was called the largest peasant uprising in the history of China, and then the so-called "Tongzhi Zhongxing" appeared.
On the other hand, in Japan, after the Black Ship Incident, the authority of the Tokugawa era in Japan declined. Encouraged by the reformists, Japan quickly formed the ending movement of respecting the king and resisting the foreign countries. Although the shogunate once fought to the death in World War I, the Japanese shogunate only occupied the territory of14 of the whole country, and the famous soldiers also had considerable strength.
Faced with external threats, these famous people suddenly became righteous. Japan, a country and a nation, must unite the strength of the whole country if it wants to save the nation and survive. Before the loose feudal rule of shogunate politics, it was impossible to win in the struggle with western powers. Japan naturally had a recognized ruler, the Emperor, which greatly accelerated the speed of regime change in Japan.
Therefore, after the Black Boat Incident, Japan completed the social revolution of regime change in just over ten years, and the reformists completely gained the social dominance.
In contrast, after the 1840 Opium War, the Qing Dynasty still lingered until the 19 12 Xinhai Revolution. That is to say, in terms of political system, Japan was very different from the Qing Dynasty after the "return of the big government" in 1868.
Although the political revolution has been completed and the obstacles to economic development have been cleared, Japan, like China with weak national strength, is facing the encroachment and pressure of western powers. However, Japan's weakness has become a natural advantage at this time.
Compared with China, which has a vast territory and rich resources, Japan is really poor. Not far from the western powers, Wan Li came to the Far East, asking for nothing but money. Japan's silver mines have long been exhausted, and Japan's precious metals have also been looted in foreign trade. Such Japan has lost its appeal to western colonists, and the strong nationalist sentiment of Japanese samurai makes western colonists feel too much trouble. As a result, the western powers aimed their main aggression at China, while Japan had relatively good development opportunities because of its poverty and weakness.
The Japanese didn't completely waste this godsend. They sent a delegation to western countries to learn from their rich country, Qiang Bing. At that time, the international environment was also in the period of free competition in the capitalist world, and the imperialist monopoly had not yet formed. Japan, willing to spend money, can still learn a lot.
However, Japan is too poor. Even after the completion of the political revolution, Japan could not have greater national strength for economic construction than the old empire of the Qing Dynasty. Japan's frugal first bucket of gold is far from enough. If Japan wants to rise rapidly, it must plunder from abroad.
Finally, during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan blackmailed China for 230 million taels of silver, which became the turning point of Japan's national luck. This compensation, which is equivalent to Japan's eight-year fiscal revenue, has provided Japan with sufficient financial resources, built a large number of industrial and mining enterprises and various educational facilities, and fundamentally laid the foundation for Japan to become a big country.
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was a great battle in which Japan gambled on national luck. Before or even during the war, Japan was not absolutely sure that it could defeat the Qing Dynasty. In fact, even though Japanese soldiers have invaded Qinhuangdao and Weihai in Shandong Province and threatened to attack Beijing from north to south, Japan may not be able to continue the war.
Japan completely gambled on national luck, but fortunately it won.
China's huge reparations to Japan also made Japan have some misgivings when it signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" in 190 1. They were worried that the western powers' plundering of China was too harsh, which would affect the Qing government's ability to fulfill the treaty of shimonoseki compensation. Therefore, Japan advocates reducing the claim for compensation from China.
In a word, it is the wealth squeezed from China that has transformed Japanese industry and economy into a world power.
At the same time, Japan defeated the Qing Dynasty, not only won compensation, but also gained a vital ally, which played a vital role in the process of Japan's rise.
This is anglo-japanese alliance.
Imagine, if Britain, as the world hegemon, has the intention of sanctioning Japan during its rise, can Japan still develop?
Fortunately for Japan, its rise was not contained by the British Empire. On the contrary, Britain supported Japan to some extent. Of course, this is decades after Japan occupied the British colony in World War II.
In the last decades of the19th century, the Russian Empire frequently infiltrated the British sphere of influence in the Far East, Central Asia and Europe. In order to deal with this huge land empire and maintain maritime hegemony, Britain has to build an alliance system all over the world.
Britain had expected China to share the threat of the Russian Empire in the Far East. However, seeing that China's military strength was weak in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the British gave up hope for China and turned to Japan.
As a result, Japan, a nouveau riche with some money, hugged the thigh of Britain, the world's first overlord at that time, and got the ticket to enter the world power.
Now Japan has a political foundation, economic strength and powerful allies, but it needs a war to prove its strength if it wants to make a name for itself in the international community.
War is coming soon. Although many people in Japan didn't agree to a decisive battle with the Russians in the Northeast at that time, the aggressive ambitions of the Russians in North Korea and Northeast China made Japan realize that once the Russian trans-siberian railway was connected, Japan would have nothing to do in the Far East. Therefore, under extremely unfavorable conditions, the Japanese government flagrantly launched the Russo-Japanese War.
The war was stopped by Britain, an ally, and even supported by the people of China to some extent. For example, due to the British obstruction, the ships of the Russian Baltic Fleet had to detour Wan Li and the Cape of Good Hope to the Far East to participate in the war. In the first battle against Malaysia, Japan waited for an opportunity to destroy two-thirds of the naval strength of the Russian Empire, which was also the most disparity in the war damage ratio in the history of world naval warfare.
In the war of Russia's defeat, Japan completely gained the seat of a world power and officially completed the rise of a great power. Since then, as a representative of the yellow race, he has made frequent voices in the world.
However, if you start with this, you will end with this. Japan will go further and further on this road of no return by gambling on national luck through war. The heyday of Japanese Wushu prosperity is also the beginning of Japan's decline and decline. As the saying goes, extremes meet, and the full moon loses.
The story of Mahua, this time about the rise of Japan.
what can I say? To sum up, the world is fair. The rise of a country can be described from two aspects, one is the progress of political system, and the other is scientific and technological innovation.
Japan has a small territory, a small population and a single nation. New ideas can be easily unified in such a country, so Japan will soon complete the reform of its political system.
Technically, I have to admire the Japanese learning spirit. As long as they are good, progressive and advanced, they are easy to accept, such as our prosperous Tang culture. Therefore, the industrial revolution was also carried out smoothly in Japan.
We look at how Japan rose from several aspects.
Japanese territory
There is no doubt that the historical process and the history of political system reform have been advancing and progressing, and the continuous progress of human civilization is the best example.
From 65438 to the 1960s, Britain took the lead in starting the industrial revolution, which opened another civilization process of mankind.
After France, the industrial revolution was completed, followed by the whole of Europe. What does the industrial revolution mean? Emancipate productive forces. Machines replace manual labor to complete industrial manufacturing, and even complete work that manual labor cannot complete.
With such efficient production, the European market naturally cannot meet the products produced by these machines. As a result, European countries began colonial rule, and they could kill two birds with one stone by plundering raw materials and expanding the market at the same time.
The East, which they regarded as Duran peanuts, naturally became their goal. China, Japan has not been spared.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, Americans knocked on the door of Japan for the first time. Also forced to sign a series of unequal treaties.
This made the Japanese very dissatisfied with the ruling class at that time, and their studious side was perfectly displayed. The Meiji Restoration soon overthrew the feudal rule of the shogunate, established a new order and started the industrial revolution.
Meiji reform
In terms of resources, Japan has learned new things ideologically, but it must also have the strength to realize these ideas, so they also started the industrial revolution, which was soon completed.
What is most needed for the development of industry is resources. Japan has a small territory and is short of resources. How did they quickly complete the industrial revolution?
At that time, the world pattern was basically formed, and there was nothing cheap to occupy, so the road of colonial expansion was not feasible for Japan. What should we do?
Mainly relying on Japan to quickly complete the political system reform, Japan quickly synchronized with western powers in thought.
Introduce various policies, open ports, develop trade with western countries, and send talents abroad for further study.
Trade brings money. With money, we can buy resources. With talents, we can use resources to set up factories to complete the industrial revolution, and it was completed by the intersection of the two industrial revolutions.
Shipyards in the Japanese Industrial Revolution
Other factors seem simple, but it is not so simple for Japan to complete the industrial revolution.
Japan has a small land area, a small population and a small market, so it is naturally slow to accumulate wealth by trade. Then how did they get so fast?
Here is a phrase we often use, "United as one, United as one". Yes, that's it.
When Li Hongzhang led beiyang fleet to visit Japan, the advanced and huge fleet shocked the Japanese people. So everyone from the emperor down to the common people donated money to buy warships.
In less than five years, Japan's naval strength surpassed that of the Qing Dynasty. Even launched the Sino-Japanese War, and finally defeated the Qing Dynasty.
Sino-Japanese Wars
Although Japan was almost in turmoil during the period when the whole people donated money to buy warships, the Japanese government successfully transferred domestic contradictions with a successful war and solved domestic problems perfectly through the high reparations of the Qing Dynasty.
I have to say, the Japanese are really bold this time, taking a big gamble. Even if the Qing government persisted for another year or so, there would be no treaty of shimonoseki.
Treaty of shimonoseki can be said to make Japanese development step by step. Not to mention the high compensation, the huge market of China alone is a huge gain for Japanese.
Li Hongzhang led beiyang fleet to visit Japan.
Conclusion Japan can complete the road of rising in a short time. The transformation from a weak feudal shogunate to an industrial power is the result of many factors, except gambling in the Sino-Japanese War, which can be said to be a historical necessity.
Because the times are changing, the Qing dynasty stands still, Japan is progressing, and finally two different countries are formed. The Qing Dynasty was a weak empire, and Japan was a new one. Japan desperately completed the change and finally embarked on the road of rise. However, due to geographical restrictions, Japan will easily perish if it does not carry out reforms. Therefore, the Meiji Restoration became a real turning point in Japan. Meiji Restoration and Dahua Innovation are two famous opportunities for reform in Japanese history. Dahua transformed Japan from a slave society into a feudal society, during which he learned a lot of culture of the Tang Dynasty, and it was all-round learning.
Meiji Restoration is the transition of Japan from feudal society to capitalism, and it is also the process of Japan entering modern history. At this time, Japan has been completely westernized, with the rhythm of leaving Asia and entering Europe. For Japan, without the Meiji Restoration, Japan could not rise. Throughout Japanese history, every reform can cover everything, but China is very difficult. What is the reason?
First of all, Japan is an island country with a relatively small territory, so it is relatively easy to reform. Japan does not have the deep-rooted concept of the Qing Dynasty. If the Qing dynasty wants to reform, it will face great challenges. It is not so easy to break the shackles of feudal thought. The diehards want an insurmountable obstacle. Moreover, the Qing Dynasty has a large territory and a large population, so it is not so easy to change it all at once. Must change slowly over time. So Japan can change itself in a short time, but not in the Qing Dynasty.
Secondly, cultural differences. Because of the cultural and geographical differences between China and Japan, two different nationalities have been created. Because of the island country, the Yamato people are still very enthusiastic and vigilant about the ocean. After all, Japan's external factors can only come from the sea. And Japan wants to communicate and trade with the outside world, only through the ocean. So when the great powers arrived, Japan saw the threat from the sea. Without reform, Japan will have no strategic depth, and if it persists in resistance, it will only perish.
However, the Qing Dynasty had a vast territory and a deep strategy. In ancient times, external factors were mostly threats from the north and the sea, and so were modern times. In modern times, Russia in the north also posed a great threat to the Qing Dynasty. No matter from land or sea, the situation faced by the Qing dynasty is not comparable to that of Japan. Missed the opportunity again and again, and finally made the Qing Dynasty face a greater crisis.
Finally, the situation is different. The Westernization Movement in Qing Dynasty only changed the surface, internal corruption was always backward, and the reform could not be complete. The incompetence of the upper level and the efforts of the lower level are all in vain. The Meiji Restoration in Japan completely changed the whole Japanese society. In the face of the world powers, the Qing dynasty is all-round, and all major powers will come to the Qing dynasty and gain benefits from it. It really takes a lot of courage and coping ability to drive them away or openly accept their invasion. Whether it is a cultural invasion, a commodity invasion or a military invasion, the situation faced by China is far greater than that of the Japanese.
All these factors determine that Japan can complete its transformation and rise within 30 years, but the Qing Dynasty can't. The geographical location, national conditions and nationalities, territorial area, situation and cultural customs of the two countries are quite different. The complicated situation made it difficult for the Qing Dynasty to successfully transform. He needed to break the reorganization and finally establish a new dynasty, otherwise it would be difficult for the Qing Dynasty to complete the transformation. Through reform, Japan finally rose and became one of the great powers.
In the Qing Dynasty, Japan did rise in 30 years, but it took hundreds of years to pave the way for its rise.
Japan, which was in the same period as the Qing Empire, was closed to the outside world, but people left a small window. This is Holland. Through Holland and "Lan Xue" Japan, they introduced some western books and periodicals, learned some modern western scientific knowledge, and learned about the major events and information in the world at that time through the trade ships going abroad. Japan was actually not "ignorant" at that time. It is not exactly the same as the closed-door policy of the Qing Dynasty.
What is even more surprising is that Japan's national literacy rate at that time was not only much higher than that of Manchu, but also higher than that of some countries in Western Europe. The crop yield is only slightly lower than that of Manchu.
Japan is a small country, so it is easy to turn around when the boat is small. At that time, the powers focused their attention on the fat of Manchu. The seemingly barren Japan is not the focus of foreign aggression. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement attracted the attention of the West. Therefore, in modern times, it has been said that "the Manchu government at that time blocked a shot for Japan."
Of course, people of insight in Japan summed up the experience and lessons of China's two failed Opium Wars, and thought that Japan must change as soon as possible to get rid of the national crisis.
Japan's Meiji Restoration was not an expedient measure in the crisis, but a necessity of Japan's historical transformation, and the measures taken by Qiang Bing, a rich country, were unswervingly adhered to. Only with the rise of Japan.
When the artillery fire of western powers knocked on the door of eastern countries, the whole situation in the East changed greatly.
Under the operation of Li Hongzhang and other Westernization Ministers, the Qing Empire stumbled all the way. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, beiyang fleet, which condensed the financial resources and expectations of the Qing Empire, was badly beaten by the Japanese army, and its land operations were even more devastated. At this point, the Westernization Movement was almost over.
On the other side of the ocean, Japan, a small country, rose rapidly in just a few decades. Why?
When family members have clear goals, we analyze them from top to bottom.
First of all, the ruler of Japan at that time, the emperor.
The Japanese emperor was aggressive, watching the ships of the western powers be strong and arrogant. The Japanese emperor set himself on fire, could not eat incense and could not sleep well.
In order to make Japan rise rapidly in the forest of the world, the Japanese emperor opened his mind and recruited talents, and set an example by himself, being diligent and thrifty.
In the Qing Empire, the power disputes of the ruling class continued. Cixi monopolized the power, but she was always worried about the opposition of her men, refused to delegate power to the emperor, and kept a close eye on the emperor's words and deeds. There was even a conflict like the Reform Movement of 1898.
In addition, Cixi herself did not have a clear development strategy and policy of governing the country, so more energy was spent on the internal friction of power, which was naturally incomparable with the Japanese emperor.
The ministers have the same goal. Japanese ministers also have internal friction. For example, there has always been competition and containment between the Japanese army and navy. When the Qing court bought armored ships to form the Beiyang Navy, the Japanese navy tried its best to set up a fleet in China.
However, in any case, Japanese ministers are fighting among themselves, but their goal is very consistent, that is, to make Japan rise, and they all advocate learning from western powers and catching up.
In this regard, it was commendable that Qi Xin, the Japanese monarch and minister at that time, worked together. If the monarch and the minister work together, their profits will be cut off.
In the Qing empire, there were many factions of internal ministers, and only the Qingyi faction was the check and balance of the Westernization School. Regardless of the actual situation, the Qingyi faction insists on tough confrontation, sticks to the rules and does not seek change and development.
Every proposal of the Westernization School was blocked by the Qingyi School. In order to stabilize her power, Cixi struck a balance between the two factions, which often made it difficult to carry out the Westernization Movement.
Private foundations are different from those of the Japanese government, and the slogan is naturally the same.
Under the unremitting propaganda of the government, the people's concept of learning from western powers, catching up with the west and strengthening Japan is unprecedentedly high.
Finally, Japan and Qi Xin worked together to push Japan into the track of world development.
In the Qing empire, the people were ignorant, and many people regarded the western powers as barbarians and Russians, believing that foreigners were powerful by virtue of their strange skills and cunning, and they resisted foreigners a lot and avoided them.
In the Qing empire, there was a conflict between the parishioners and the people. Finally, it developed into a farce like the boxer rebellion, which made the ignorance of the people of the Qing Empire clear at a glance.
It is precisely because Japan, from top to bottom, has the same collective goal and is United as one, that it has naturally made great strides in development and reform. On the other hand, the Qing empire stumbled forward, not just stepped back. Although the size of a country varies thousands of miles, with the changes of the times, this is no longer the amulet of a big country.
"If you fall behind, you will be beaten"!
Moonless culture, reading classics, and taste culture
Japan's determination to reform has a profound background of the times. At that time, China, a big country in the East, was opened to the outside world by western powers with strong guns, and the cultural thoughts of the East were strongly impacted. In addition, in 1853, the United States forced Japan to open the door with warships, which deeply humiliated Japan. 1868, emperor meiji began to reform, which was called "meiji restoration" in history and put forward the slogan: ".
Then the question is, why did the westernization movement of the Manchu government fail at that time, and Japan's "Meiji Restoration" only took 30 years to succeed, which led to Japan's rapid rise and hegemony in Asia? There are several main reasons.
First, the full support of Emperor Meiji.
Emperor Meiji was keenly aware that if Japan did not carry out reform and political reform, there would be no way out for Japan. The Great Qing Dynasty is a negative example. It is lifeless and lifeless, and it is not as vibrant as the western powers. It is precisely because of the support of Emperor Meiji and his personal promotion of the Meiji Restoration that the Meiji Restoration can continue.
Second, the Meiji Restoration was actively supported by ministers.
The ministers during the emperor's reform were mainly "villains", who were both the real power faction and the main force of reform and became reformists. It is precisely because they issued orders through a powerful regime and gradually implemented the reform policy of getting rid of the old and innovating the new that the reform was successful.
Third, the Meiji Restoration was supported by local power groups.
The emperor also let the local dignitaries who lost the battle in the imperial court share the benefits. For example, he transferred state-owned merchant ships to local forces at a very low price, allowing them to set up companies for commercial operations, including the famous Mitsubishi Company. These measures made the Meiji Restoration strongly supported by local power groups.
Fourth, the Meiji Restoration was strongly supported by the Japanese people.
The state has introduced various reform policies to help the people embark on the road to prosperity, and of course it has won the support and support of the people. The people made a fortune wholeheartedly, adding a steady stream of wealth to the country, which was also the basic force for the success of the Meiji Restoration.
At that time, the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty only learned some superficial things from the West, and did not carry out deep social changes. Therefore, the Meiji Restoration was successful, while the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty was a failure, which can not but make people sigh.
Japan is a single nation (Yamato nation). Their country is dominated by elites and the people are obedient. Starting from 1868, they studied deeply European and American countries, carried out "civil reform" and "constitutional monarchy" politically, and at the same time carried out the industrial revolution, vigorously developed the economy and popularized education for all. Buy large machinery from European and American countries, absorb and develop large machinery production, and make its industrial modernization close to European and American countries, about 1895. The Japanese saw 1840 that Britain launched (Opium War) against China, and Britain won a total victory and ceded territory to pay reparations (Hong Kong was colonized by Britain at this time). The Japanese remember.
Japan, a nation that only admires a country stronger than itself, is bullying the weak and fearing the hard. This is the national character of the Japanese. They are studying western culture, economy and military affairs. Even learned western colonialism.
By 1895, the long-cherished wish broke out and the Sino-Japanese War against Qing Dynasty was launched. In the end, the Beiyang Navy of the Qing Dynasty was completely defeated, and the Qing Dynasty once again paid compensation to cede territory (at this time, Taiwan Province Province was colonized by the Japanese army for more than 50 years). Japan got a lot of money from China (Qing Dynasty), when silver was equivalent to more than five times of Japan's annual financial sum. How can such a Japan not rise? Their rise is the painstaking efforts of the people of China. That is, the development, accumulation and benefits gained from China during this period laid a monetary foundation for their all-round war of aggression against China, which lasted for 14 years.
Looking at Japan through history, you will find that the luck of this bird country is really not generally good! A long time ago, a group of mainlanders went to several Japanese islands to live a shameless life, and then a bunch of grandchildren lived a life of chopping at each other. Suddenly, a fierce man said, I am sent by heaven, and my main purpose is to save your souls (because you are so dirty and shameless)! Then several islands were basically unified, calling themselves "emperors". Then, after many years, an emperor found it too boring to mix. What should I do? I heard that there are many treasures (both things and people) in the mainland, and I felt invincible, so I organized more than 1000 straw boats and rushed to the mainland. Unexpectedly, I fed all the fish before I started! This incident made the Japanese know two things: 1. The opponent is too strong and he is too weak. What should I do? Study! So I learned everything, and I learned it well, but I never surpassed Master. Even after hundreds of years, I was hacked to death (General Qi is mighty)! The emperor's status plummeted, and then they were in chaos for hundreds of years! During this period, two more good luck came. A group of barbarians tried to land on their island, but they were all blown up by the kamikaze team! However, it is not known whether this incident made the Japanese have a strong sense of self-improvement and self-satisfaction, but the subsequent facts tell us that they have planted "wolf ambition"! Finally, I waited for an opportunity. The arrival of western powers made them see a stronger existence, so they carried out reforms. Why did they succeed so easily this time? Shi Tian: Times have developed into opportunities for scientific and technological innovation. The most important thing is that the cost of learning and introduction is very low, and the Japanese are really easy to learn! The Qing Dynasty is a "celestial dynasty", and the rest are "barbarians", which is the biggest gap. Geographical location: Japan, after all, is a small country with few resources, and those powers feel that it is completely negligible compared with the whole Asian continent; Harmony between people: a strong single nation and strong learning ability made them determined to cross the rubicon, so they succeeded, while the Qing Dynasty, hehe ... was self-righteous except xenophobia and infighting! Why is Japan so lucky? Watch it again. After World War II, he was beaten to pieces, but it only took 30 years for his blood to revive! Why? Luck and studious, luck is the top technology of that era, which can be easily obtained without much cost, just like "barriers", "patents" and "blockades" and so on! Studious: shine on you is better than blue! The Japanese spirit of death is really amazing! Of course, there are many reasons for real success besides the above factors, but the most important one is nothing more than "learning and specialized research". Real learning and specialized research, as long as they persist for more than 20 years, will certainly achieve powerful individuals and groups!
I guess your question is that the so-called 30-year rise is compared with the Manchu dynasty. Manchu also studied the west for thirty years, but the more he studied, the worse he got. If you answer this question, it depends on what Japan and Manchu are learning respectively. Manchu was learning from the west, thinking that with western guns, it could resist foreign aggression. In fact, China is still a feudal system+small peasant economy; Japan learned the bones of the west, from the political system to dressing, overthrew the feudal rule of the shogunate politically and established a constitutional monarchy. Economically, Meiji government vigorously supported the development of capitalist industry and commerce, militarily studied Germany in the army and Britain in the navy, so it took Japan less than 30 years to become the first powerful country in a non-white country.