1. The genetic diversity of a species or population is the product of long-term evolution and the premise of its survival adaptation and development and evolution. The higher the genetic diversity or genetic variation of a population or species, the stronger its adaptability to environmental changes. It is easy to expand its distribution scope and open up a new environment. Even the dominant species that reproduce asexually are no exception. Theoretical deduction and a lot of experimental evidence show that the genetic variation in biological population is directly proportional to its evolution rate. Therefore, the study of genetic diversity can reveal the evolutionary history (time, place and way of origin) of a species or population, and also provide important data for further analyzing its evolutionary potential and future fate, especially for exploring the causes and processes of rare or endangered species.
2. Genetic diversity is one of the cores of conservation biology research. Without understanding the temporal and spatial distribution of intraspecific genetic variation and its relationship with environmental conditions, it is impossible to take scientific and effective measures to protect the genetic resources genes that human beings rely on to save endangered species and protect threatened species. We can't protect what we don't know. The formulation of rare and endangered species protection policies and measures, such as ex situ sampling strategy or in situ conservation sampling, depends on our understanding of species genetic diversity.
3. Understanding genetic diversity is an important background information for all branches of biology. For hundreds of years, ancient taxonomy or systematics has been trying to describe and explain the diversity of the biological world, trying to establish a hierarchical system that can reflect the development relationship between nature and system, and to establish a convenient and practical data (information) access or search system. The study of genetic diversity will undoubtedly help people understand the origin and evolution of biodiversity more clearly, especially deepen people's understanding of micro-evolution, provide useful information for the study of taxonomic evolution of animals and plants, and then lay the foundation for animal and plant breeding and genetic improvement.