Li Guangdi, a famous "Neo-Confucianist" in the early Qing Dynasty, spoke highly of Lu Jiuzheng, saying that he was "not concerned by sages". He said: "Lu's father and son, three generations of grandparents and grandchildren, are all quintessential Confucian scholars. Their servants live in the countryside, clean and tidy, and it is almost impossible to go to come to a bad end. They carry on the family line from generation to generation, and the squire is somewhere in between. They will never be an official, but they will be like farmers. Wei Zhongxian's secret extermination of good, Chinese and foreign people's anger back to the fire, invincible. When I was here, I was able to do something for Shen Tu, and I was also a few sages. The squire defended the rescue and went back to the bones to collect orphans. He doesn't care about hitting Mao and himself. The pawn is sincere and virtuous, and the gods are in the same position. Although harmful, it is better than the ancients ... It is sad and comforting to see my father's integrity and son's diligence until he regards his children and grandchildren as loyal and filial generations. Growing up in such a family, Lu Shanji was naturally deeply influenced and was able to inherit the family style.
Lushan follows the principles of "being cautious and independent" and "being born dignified and not playing". His family refused to let him be a teacher, but received his grandfather's education at home. In August of the 22nd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1594), Lu Shanji took part in the rural examination in Shuntian, saying that "those who returned to his school to annotate the meaning because of the unsolved problems in other places will be moved every time they read it." In the second year, he finally got a Book of Wang Wen's Success from his grandfather Lu Jiu when he was in office, so he took one of the Books of Practice and said, "Sleeping and eating in it is full of ambition to be a saint." In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 10), lu shan continued to believe that "false accusation can be made, but not false accusation", so he stood up and was "investigated" by the new county magistrate Hu. However, in the past year, things have changed again, and Lu Shanji showed his loyalty in this matter. According to the chronology compiled by his protege Chen, Thirty-nine Years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 1 1);
"In those days, the gentry in the street, after the spring drum chief, things have changed. Mr. Wang is working harder and harder. Mr. Qi Tai (Sun Qifeng) works behind closed doors, and Mr. Wang flies books to recruit him. * * * gathers 36 students from Xiaolian and reports to Shou, who slightly invades Mr. Wang. Mr. Wang said angrily, "how can an official stand a good reputation and a scholar stand a charcoal?" "Borrow petty officials pour scholar, borrow scholar pour county magistrate, and this day? Some people who know how to love themselves have never been here before and will never come again. Just because of this indignation, they can't tolerate it. " Kan Kan said, keep for gas, flat people worry about anger, and quit. The gentleman said, "He is timid and afraid of us French. Why are you angry?" This is a reply to the observation of Gong Liu Red Devils. Gong Liu is devoted to the wind, and he agrees with her husband. This is a trivial matter. In order to slander Xuezang and safeguard justice, Lu Shanji did not hesitate to "launch a student movement" and "* * * assembled 36 students from Xiaolian to sue and defend" and defended them angrily. He succeeded. His courage and strategy are outstanding. It is not difficult for us to understand how he dared to act in the "Golden Flower and Silver" incident after he became an official.
In the spring of the forty-first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 13), Lu Shanji wanted to give him a scholarship from the Ministry of War. Later, he entrusted the Shandong Division of the Ministry of Housing to be responsible for the salt law, studied the salt law based on the salary of the state border, learned from experts, and made a discussion on the salt law in Guangdong and Fujian. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 16 19), the famous "Golden Flower and Silver" incident happened at the age of forty-five. At that time, he was in charge of the Henan Division of the Household Department and the Guangdong Division. According to the Ming Dynasty's "Lushan Biography", it was recorded: "The courtiers asked for donations in the middle of Liaozhong, but they did not report it. Turn Guangdong into a golden flower silver mine, learn from the old system and establish a golden flower bank for all parties to apply for. However, Li Ruhua, a senior minister, said,' It's better to keep gold than to demand it.' You are so proud, the emperor will be angry, you take good care of it for a year, and you will make it up. If you are excellent, you can't go on, and you will fight death. Is to seize your February salary, lower the good one level and transfer it outside. "At that time, in the famous battle of Salhu, the Ming army lost three divisions and was defeated. After Nurhachi took advantage of the situation, nomads captured Kaiyuan and Tieling, the important towns of Daming, advanced into Liaoshen and defended the Central Plains. The situation is very critical. However, in the case of "Liaodong Zuofeng is a cinch" and "courtiers beg for donations but don't report them", lu shan followed the old system and suggested that "golden flowers and silver" be detained to solve the urgent need of Liaodong war. It is entirely out of loyalty to the country, which is reasonable, so I obtained the consent of Li Ruhua, the minister of the Ministry of Commerce. But their actions seriously touched the selfish interests of the corrupt Ming royal family. Because the so-called "Jinhua silver" means "at the beginning of the country, Taicang was completely solved for emergency use in all aspects, and then the inner government was solved, and the palace was regarded as private money. Although Lushan continued to "fight death", he was demoted and transferred. When he made up his mind to go back to Li, the official said with tears:' Since you have no responsibility, why take it seriously! I'm tired of pushing institutions. "The so-called" not dedicated "is because it is not something that lu shan must manage in his post. However, since this incident greatly violated the interests of the royal family, Li Ruhua, a senior minister of the household department, finally agreed that this "political risk" was more due to Lu Shanji's generosity than the urgency of the matter. Because when he put forward this plan, he clearly said to Li Ruhua: "If you are angry, you are willing to set an example. "
Directional English recorded in the "Lu Zhong Jie Gong Chuan": "Good words said to Li Ruhua, Minister of Housing: Instead of asking for money, why not leave the silver that has not entered? If you are angry, you are willing to set an example. You are as good as you say, so please. Angry, seize the good and continue to pay for one year, if you want to make up for it, the good will continue to struggle: officials fight for life and death, and officials fight for time. It means you can't go back. On that day in Xie Ting, the eunuch extorted money from Taicang and was good at following Liu Rongsi, the owner of flying books. Liu Bao said: It has been three days. It has not been sent yet. The responsibility of a letter to make up for it, after good, restore it. Yue: You have something to return. Why don't you borrow it? Please respond with kind words and share life and death. Castrate and leave. When it is, anger is unpredictable and everyone is good at success in danger. Taigong listened and said, Is the courtier improper? Protecting yourself is none of my business. "
The adversity of being demoted just shows Lu Shan's personality charm and academic charm of following others' footsteps: "On the day of being demoted, I was anxious to announce the decree, and the officials of the relevant departments were furious. My husband was comfortably eating in Jia's apartment, and he was eclipsed in front of the guests. After eating, he left with his clothes on. " Jia Gong later said to Mr. Kaitai: At this time, food can still be swallowed! So I don't want to learn. "
In the first year of Taichang in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1620), the official was reinstated. Tomorrow, in the first year (A.D. 162 1), because of his outstanding talent, he was appointed as the Minister of War. "University Sun Chengzong Ministry of War, let it go. And after closing the door, follow. Out of the inspector, the complex table is a praise painting. Horses wear cloth and go in and out of the pavilion. He saw that the soldiers were working hard to expand the territory by 400 miles and recover dozens of castles, and Chengzong regarded them as his right-hand man. After four years in prison, he became a foreign minister and a doctor. Thank you for your kindness, and there will be a reward after kindness. " During this period, there was a shortage of civil servants in the official department, and "deliberation was good for the future". It should be said that this is a powerful and eye-catching position, which is the so-called "fat difference" in officialdom. Sun Chengzong also advised him to return to Beijing, on the grounds that he could provide for the aged in Beijing. Lu Shan was unmoved and said, "If you don't talk, be a civil servant. If this ordinary person does nothing, what's the point of doing well? " ? One day, the "xianggong" is in the company, and the other day is in the curtain. If you are good at picking eyebrows with Ji, will you go back to be an official? John young, my adult, sent a letter to the man, telling him to do good deeds and follow the good deeds. The old man added a meal for you. Xianggong treats ordinary people with kindness, but treats adults with ordinary people? "Don't go.
The loyalty of Lu Shanji and his son, Lu Taigong (Zheng Shi) and his son is also reflected in their help to party member and his children. At that time, the Wei Party brutally persecuted party member, and the scholars avoided it, while Lu and his son helped them without hesitation. The history book says: "First of all, since Yang and Zuo's prison, Wei Dazhong and Zuo Guangdou have made it clear that they have gone to the deer. The squire invited Sun Qi, who was kind and upright, to Rongcheng, closed the door with a book and told him that this sect was difficult to inherit. Chengzong and Shanji made a tour of Jimen. Please enter the pilgrimage. The party's election caused an uproar, saying that the cabinet department would take strict precautions against dispatch troops's monarch. The prison is in a hurry, and it is cool to chase it on the fifth day. Taigong hurriedly raised hundreds of gold and lost, but both of them were already dead. It's good to return. Zhou Shunchang's prison has gone up again. Shunchang, Shanji was born in the same year, Shanji raised hundreds of gold, and Shunchang died when the gold entered. The election party is close to a good family, but the children and servants of poor families confront each other on the road. Taigong said,' I'm not afraid.' "In the case of" everyone is amazed ","Lu and his son ignored the moment and moved the world with righteousness ". In the first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1628), Shang was reinstated and moved to Taichang to take charge of Guanglu Temple. After that, he returned to the field, taking lectures as fun and benefiting students.
In the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1636), in July of the lunar calendar, the Qing soldiers attacked Dingxing. The county magistrate was ill, and the city gentry invited lu shan into the city to plan defense. Lu Shanji said generously: "In recent years, the literati in the Central Plains have not followed the trend, but have become arrogant. What a shame! " So I said goodbye to the deer, but not to my family. The gentry and I went to make trouble, and we were deadlocked with the enemy for six days, and the city was broken and people died. At that time, the Qing soldiers died at the age of 62, saying that "the blades are falling together, and goodness cannot be sustained." The soldier angered the public three times and fired an arrow again. "
Master Chen's chronicle says, "It's up to you to decide when to deploy and then go to town. It's also the 22nd. Teacher Wang tried everything discussed in Left of Liao. Today, the enemy is thin, the city is besieged, and the husband is dead. Oh! Mr. Wang's study is beneficial to Yi Gi. Mr. Juheng tasted the language and said to Mr. Kaitai: "Our generation must break the critical point of life and death in order to be complacent. Then Mr. Xiao enters the city, and the city falls and people die, which is almost commonplace! Perhaps Mr. Yi can live without the dead. Mr. Fu is not an official guarding the land, and he can't die. Mr. Yi can't live if he dies in the city. Why? Since the city is broken, in addition to the underground well, it is kneeling and begging, with drooping ears. Mr. Wang has been a man all his life, painting bit by bit without any pretensions. He is a gentleman because he cares about ups and downs. Life is not a trivial matter, but benevolence is a big thing. Taste it with litmus. Sadly, even in the past, the enemy's life was more than enough, but now Bizhi is unable to defend a city with all her strength. How different the times are! However, it would be a pity if anyone destroyed my Great Wall. When Mr. Qi Tai was in Rongcheng, (Lu, son of Lu Shanji) was sent too far away and attached to his home. At the dawn of August 1 day of the lunar calendar, Rongcheng was attacked in a hurry, and at the command, Dingxing fell. At night, Yuan Huan rushed to see the city, and his brother was sharp. Then, from the murder of Mr. Yiquan's son, Mr. Huaizhu, an envoy was sent to report to the Taigong who heard about it, and wrote a letter saying: "My father is benevolent, so there is no need to hate death! "You don't have to be a child." The squire knows better than the righteous! "
After Lushan died, he heard in North Korea that he posthumously presented the minister of Dali Temple, eulogized the "Loyalty Festival" and built a shrine for sacrifice.
Lu Shanji's works are rich. About four books, 33 volumes, 16 volumes of Biography of Former Supervisors, 10 volumes of Biography of Later Supervisors, 1 volume of Recognition Outline, 1 volume of Seeking Pleasure, 1 volume of Che Ying Baida (not divided into volumes), 1 volume of Seeking Sound Spectrum, 22 volumes of Zhengcao (fifteen kinds are) and 1 volume of Discussion on Salt Law in East Guangdong. There are four volumes of Lu Shanji's manuscripts in the History of Ming Dynasty. There are 21 volumes of Lu Zhong Ji and two volumes of Chronicle edited by Chen. His Confucianism is embodied in four books: The Covenant, The Outline of Understanding and the Essentials of Enjoyment.
Evaluate the originator of Lu Jiaxue, who studied under his grandfather and was deeply influenced by family studies. Shan Zhi also lives in Lu Wang, and Yu Yangming is particularly interested in learning. Sun Qifeng, a close friend of Lu Shanji, said that he "learned less from his grandfather, wrote fewer chapters and sentences, ate less and read less clothes, and was deeply used by him, so he aspired to be a saint." Fermi is also called "learning from Wang Shouren".
The chronicle is quoted above: Lu Shan, 19 years old, went back to other schools to find his own answer after failing the rural examination in Shuntian. When searching for the language in Wang Yangming's biography, "every time I read it, I will be moved." Grandpa Lu Jiuzheng was very happy and gave him careful guidance and training. Lu Jiuzheng bought Wang Wencheng Gongquanshu as a good official and told him: "I sent thirty copies of Wang Wencheng Gongquanshu and one copy of Wang Xinzhai's Legacy, and the old one was a little scrawled, so the official book was sent separately. You can look at it with your heart. " Lu Jiuzheng was delighted to see the progress of Shan's succession, and then expounded Wang Yangming's theory of guiding Shan's succession with "the highest conscience", emphasizing that "the highest conscience" should be accompanied by "learning": "Seeing what Shan said when he succeeded to the throne, combined with his words, it can be seen that he is the first person in heaven and earth. However, it is not far from human feelings to test the success of sages, take things for granted and do what they have done. " The doctrine of the mean says that "a gentleman respects morality and seeks knowledge", which can be thought deeply. If the cloud leads to conscience and does not seek hard work, the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi. Confucius said: It is practical to be considerate of nature and justice when making things happen. A saint's heart is like a mirror, and his conscience is flawless. He can do it without learning. A person who is not as good as a saint is not completely covered. His conscience is sometimes seen, and sometimes he is awakened by ignorance, such as the blur in the mirror. The contribution of this knowledge is uninterrupted, but when he passes the exam, he will certainly know that he should be considerate of everything. Look at the written text, have discussion and have the same knowledge. However, it may not conflict with the sage's intention, or it may not be published in Zhu Zhu's notes, or it may be invented with Zhu Zhu's notes. However, if adults don't lose their children's hearts, this topic will be discussed specifically. If they don't lose their children's hearts, it won't be harmful ... If they insist on their own opinions, only talk about benevolence and righteousness, don't take sides, and don't practice sentences, it's not a combination. I think about it, and I have a book "Xiangshan Quotations" at home. I can read it later, and the book of Neo-Confucianism is waiting to be sent to visit. "
Lu Shan's "Dingxing County Records" records: "Learn from Yuyao, capture Luo Yi, go in and out of various roads, and eventually become a human being. In short, he takes being a man as the foundation of his life, looking forward to virtue as the foundation of his life, taking holy day as the yardstick of being a man, taking a sincere heart as the handle of being a man, taking shame as a man-machine, listening, speaking and acting as a man, and taking flattery as a self-destructive body is another kind of practice. "
Huang Zongxi recorded in the case of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty: "Mr. Wang read the calligraphy, but he felt that his heart was fine." An old friend asked him what he had learned and said,' That is to say, it can be said that he was in Yangming Li.' "Lu Shanji is quite touched by Yangming's learning. He said that he read the cloud of Notes:" After I read Notes, I volunteered to shoulder this burden, tried to break the customs, painted bit by bit, and dared not borrow it. Seeing that I believed in the world, I gradually became generous. It won't cost much to arrange it until now. Sun Qifeng once described his crazy weather like this: "Every time I tell my peers about the scriptures, I try my best to change them in twists and turns, and my peers say I can remember them." Gong said to him,' As long as you are awake, how can you remember? How did you wake up? If it were me, I would have the final say. Confucius, Mencius, Tang Wen, Yao Shun all looked at each other, and I made footnotes for the Six Classics and Four Books. How can my husband be suspicious? "Naturally, friendship is growing." The case of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty records: "If you attend the meeting of Shoushan Academy, your husband will enter, and when you hear about it, you will avoid talking about state affairs and not take charge of your post, saying,' If you leave your job and take charge of your studies, your studies will be useless, and sages will be useless.' Then don't go. Mr. Wang's knowledge is quite close to that of a philosopher, and there is nothing mixed with it. Is this crazy? "In the practice of Lu Shan's studies, Yang Ming's tenet of" the unity of knowledge and action "has been obtained, and the theory of the world has a higher evaluation:" Stealing only the public (being good at obedience) never loses anything, and always deserves its sincerity. He can learn these two words from Yao Jiang, but he can take Yao Jiang as a warning, so no matter where he is, he must express his sincerity and press the present. In the past, sages all took connection as the study of Mencius and Yangming as the study of connection, so it was never easy to be honest. After Yao Jiang, the heirs rang. Guan Yu's trip, the battle of the south gate, and Wenshan's so-called benevolent efforts. "Gai said that goodness is the true biography of Yang Ming's Black Fragrance. Based on Zhu Cheng's position, Fang Bao also had to admire Lu Shan's persistence in Wang Xuezhi's "enterprising spirit" and thought that "his body and mind were brought in by Yangming's family, and he was not harmed by saints". His theory said: "I tasted that I was from Yangming's family, and Zhu Cheng's inheritance was taken away several times. However, those who stole my relatives and their families are rampant, and now, in the self-evident season, Yan Nan and his family are rampant. Generally speaking, people who have heard of the style of Yangming family are also ... I have little loyalty to the public, that is, taking sages as a necessary career, following from Yangming's family, observing the difficulties of helping Sun Gaoyang, being anxious, being loyal to Yangming's ambition and being dedicated. In the end, it will be fatal and will become filial piety and loyalty. Although Zhu Cheng is here, it has not changed public justice. Using this knowledge, a scholar takes learning as his own responsibility, and his body and mind enter from Yangming's home without being harmed by saints. "Gai said that although Lu Shanji studied under Zong Yangming, he practiced, did not follow vanity, and achieved remarkable results in saving righteousness. He was detached from the school dispute and gained the true spirit of Confucianism.
In addition, the traces of Lushan being influenced by Taizhou School are also obvious. For example, Lu Shanji's view that "the sage is only in the routine" was obviously influenced by Wang Gen's academic aim of "Shu Ren should know daily use". He said: "The sage's straightforward words are euphemisms after Confucianism. I just respect the sage too much to ask him in the routine, but I don't know the height of the sage. I'm really trying to live a routine, and I don't realize it until I die. It's easy for you to try this word. If you can do it, a little business will spread all over Liuhe. Yao Shun is loyal and forgiving. On the other hand, Tang Wu is loyal and tolerant ... "For another example, Wang Genxue emphasized the characteristics of not writing, emphasizing understanding and emphasizing practice, which should also have a considerable impact on Lujia. "Dingxing County Records" said that the Lujia family "practiced wholeheartedly, always kept inside, disdained similarities and differences with people of ancient and modern times, and talked about it as one family", which was very similar to the tradition of Taizhou School. Although Lu's academic work is also influenced by Taizhou School, it can't hide the huge gap between Lu Shanji and Taizhou School. Based on his strong feelings of joining the WTO and the background of gentry, Lu Shanji could not fully agree with the common Confucian character of Taizhou School, but emphasized the need to serve the country with achievements, which was consistent with Liu. The division between gentry Confucianism and common people Confucianism can also be seen here.
Huang Zongxi said that Lu Shanji's scholarship was "close to the philosopher of Lindong", which obviously meant that Lu Shanji was also influenced by Lindong Confucianism. Lu Shanji had close contacts with Zuo Guangdou, Wei Dazhong, Zhou Shunchang and Gao Panlong. Chronicle notes "Wei Dazhong crossed Jiangcun, visited his husband ... and went against Mo", and "Lu Shanzhuan" in the Northern Ming Dynasty: "Wu Qiao Zhou Shunchang and Fan were arrested by Xiao Miao, and they crowed and lived in harmony." Directional English "Legend of Luzhong Festival": "Zuo Guangdou from Tongcheng, Wei Dazhong from Jiashan and Zhou Shunchang from Changzhou have heard about it and will pay a visit to Xiao Temple ..."
When Lindong Party was persecuted by eunuchs, they avoided it from far and near, but Lu Shanji and his father, Lu Taigong, took the bull by the horns and gave them great help. Their friendship is deeper than you can imagine. Lu Shanji tried to express his admiration for Gao Panlong. He said, "I am lucky to meet someone I admire all my life, that is, vulgar bones have nowhere to teach, and only when I meet real Confucianism can I make a big difference." In fact, these data show that Lu Shanji is not so much influenced by Lindong Confucianism, but is closely related to Lindong Confucianism in political opinions and personality integrity. In fact, in his practice, Lu scholars try to correct the disadvantages of the times and take the world as a model, which is in the same strain as the philosopher's spirit of exposing Zhu and Confucianism to pull the wind of the world. But we can't think that its academic origin is Zhu Cheng. Chen Ding listed Lu Shanji in Biography of Lin Dong, saying that he "made friends with climbing dragons and fought against light, so he got Biography of Zhu Cheng ... Every time he came to teach all the students, he should take identity as the root and respect as the foundation ..." This is not true. Lu's Outline of Rational Knowledge is a way of enlightening disciples, not based on rational knowledge, but on the conscience of Yangming studies, so the statement that rational knowledge is the foundation and respecting Tao is the foundation is also inconsistent with the facts of Lu studies. To take a step back, even if Lu "recognizes reason as the root", what he recognizes is also the reason of Yangming's "conscience is justice", which is quite different from that of Zhu Neo-Confucianism.
In a word, Lu's scholarship originated from Wang Yangming-Luo Nianan and was deeply influenced by Taizhou School and Confucianism. Lu Xiangsheng's statement is the most accurate: "Public school originated in Yuyao, not a word, and the world calls it bow practice."
"Dingxing County Records" records Lu Shanji's teaching activities: Lu Shanji "studies psychology, teaches students and apprentices, and takes learning from others as his own responsibility. In addition to suffering, he will take risks to understand the diseases that affect floating life, but his words and deeds touch the source. In the first edition of Shuo Yue, hundreds of scholars came from all corners of the country, and there were few leisure rooms in the neighboring temples. This roughly shows the grand occasion when Lu gave lectures in his hometown. Chen's Chronicle of Lu Shanji records that he has given lectures with disciples four times:
The first time was in the forty-second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 14). At the age of forty, he was admitted to the imperial examination and was put back to his hometown until the following autumn, when he was invited by the owner of Shandong Division. At that time, Chen's father, Chen, was "interested in learning", and Du Yue, Jia Sanhuai, etc. came to consult one after another. Lu Shan continued to "take good care of himself day and night, and work tirelessly". There are four books about covenants and outlines of understanding.
The second time was from forty-five to forty-six years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D.1617 ~1618), which was a period of anxiety for his mother. "Scholars from all directions have benefited many people, and a gentleman is strict with himself. He likes and dislikes others, and like-minded people drink with harmony, greet with harmony, sit in the spring breeze, and get into the heart, almost not alone. " The following year, "my husband and brother-in-law Tai Chong also entered school at the right time, and my husband chose the word' being a man' to show it."
The third time, in the forty-eight years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1620), from February to August in the lunar calendar, Lu Shan resigned from his post and returned to Li. "Teacher Wang went abroad to return home, and the domestic competition was like a lone phoenix. Mr. and the professor are like shackles, and they dare not be different. "
After resigning for the fourth time in the sixth year of tomorrow (AD 1626), it will take 12 years from the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1638) to the murder of Shou Dingxing. According to the chronicle, tomorrow will be the sixth year (A.D. 1626). "After Mr. Li arrived, the professor was like a student to be released, and the master benefited." In the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 163 1), "My husband was ill, and when the professor returned, his family would make great progress." This year I compiled a book, The Great Idea of Fun. In the fifth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1632), Sun Qifeng "ordered his son Liya and Uncle Kundi to learn from their husbands". In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1633), "Master Huang learned from the joy of the river."
Professor Lu Shanji's first textbook when he was a student was his book The Four Books of the Covenant. His disciples believe that "On the Book of Covenant" is based on the sage's heart, and every sentence is the top door of learning ",which can best reflect the purpose of Lu's reading. The second is to understand the outline of the theory and the grand idea of seeking fun, which is roughly aimed at developing and guiding students' learning. The way to guide students, as his disciple Chen said: "Mr. Wang Yangming is also in the north, and his peers are Xiangshan and Nianan ... Teacher Wang lured me and his disciples to develop along this road ..." So, it can be seen that Wang Yangming-Luo Nianan is still the disciple who taught well.
Lu Shan, following his studies, is loyal to the world, especially famous for his dedication. "The struggle in the sea is like a lonely phoenix." So since he was 40 years old, there have been many door-to-door practitioners. Liu Qingzhi recorded in the biography of Lu Taichang in Ming Dynasty: "Professor Curie has hundreds of students and apprentices, so it is really difficult for him to give up ... to study and practice in southern Jilin and hone his skills, regardless of whether he is a disciple of Lu." According to statistics, there are 142 students enrolled, including 79 in Dingxing, 8 in Rongcheng, 2 in Xin 'an 12, 4 in Gu 'an, 5 in Zhuozhou, 4 in Xincheng 10, 4 in Ansu, 3 in Xiongxian and 2 in Yizhou. Except for three mainlanders, 139 people are all children of Yannan.
Lu inherited his family's learning, carried forward Wang's learning, and put it into practice, educating Yannan's children with Yangming's philosophy. His students are numerous and considerable. Although there is no material to prove that it has a direct inheritance relationship with Wang Yangming, there is almost no doubt that it has mastered the essence of Wang Xue and obeyed Yang Ming and Nianan. Therefore, it is very accurate to point the finger at "Wang Yannan Studies". Fang Bao also pointed out: "In the season of self-knowledge, scholars in Yannan, Hebei, Kansai and other places can temporarily straighten their backs and concentrate on their work, probably because of the rise of the wind of Yangming." It can be seen that Wang Xue in the north is not as bleak as Huang Zongxi said. From the perspective of "doing things with ambition", the overall appearance of Wang Xue in the north pays great attention to ambition, achievement and practice. Wang Yannan Learning Party headed by Lu Shanji is its important representative.
Yan Yuan said, "Lai's" xianggong ",Mr. Tai, Mr. Sun, the gentleman of the levy, gave lectures and preached, making him famous in Hebei. Alas, they are full of joy! Jiang Cun and Xia Feng's outstanding disciples later explained the law ... "Yan Xizhai's chronicle records:" Be good at giving lectures, live in Wang Shouren, and do it. " Therefore, his brother still regrets that Lu Shanji's position in academia and orthodoxy has not been better confirmed. He said:
Those who still regret it, He Yang Ming Sheng went to Yaojiang, and directly passed the biography of Zhu Si, Nishan Aoshan, so poor; The cover of Nishan is the reason for it. The book Biography revealed the secret. After Yangming, Tao is after Nianan, and Tao is after Mr. .. Reading buddhist nun is handwritten. In Biography, Mr. Wang asked the servant to follow Wu, see the source, do it, and make it clear to the public without mentioning it. If Yangming South, such as Confucius Temple, enjoys the worship of the world, then the two gentlemen, such as Yan Zengbi, enjoy it, and the gentlemen of Longxi and Xushan should retreat.
In the view of disciples such as Chen, Lu Shan not only has his own characteristics, but also made great contributions. Following the principle of "doing things by himself" and "promoting Yangming", his position in the camp should be higher than that of Wang Longxi and Qian Xushan. Taking Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty as an example, it is recorded that "Yangming's Qi was born in Jiangyou", and Jiangyou Luo Nianan preached Yangming's way with "the outstanding person of Yangming", so the disciple thought that Lu Shanji got Yangming's Qi. Master Huang, the only southerner among Lumen disciples, is from Xincheng, Jiangxi. Leaving Jiangyou Wangmen's hometown and going north to Lu Shanji may also explain some problems.