Metaphysics is a philosophical school of western philosophy, that is, philosophy that studies abstract principles beyond perceptual experience and concrete things. Its core problem is to study "being" and "ontology". In Marxist philosophy, metaphysics refers to an isolated, one-sided and static world outlook, which is opposite to dialectics. 1. A pure academic research beyond specific scientific, whose significance can basically be equated with philosophy. A multi-generation disciple of Aristotle sorted out his theories and found that some theories could not be classified into specific science, so he created a word to express this kind of knowledge. A translator in China (Yan Fu) found it difficult to translate. When reading ancient books, he found that "the metaphysical way is metaphysical." Also known as metaphysics. 2. Pure academic research is often dogmatic preaching. Hegel's critical metaphysics is a mechanical dogmatic research method as opposed to dialectics, so the word can also refer to dogmatism, which is derogatory. 3. Metaphysics, looking at the world from an isolated, static and one-sided perspective, thinking that everything is isolated and will never change; If there is any change, it is only the increase or decrease of quantity and the change of position, and the reason is not internal, but external. Another significance of metaphysics is to study the philosophy of judging things by intuition (transcendental experience). Sometimes it refers to the study of philosophical ontology. 4. Marx's philosophy also strongly criticized this.
For example, people think about human nature, people study the fundamental methods of various disciplines, and raise common problems in life to abstract knowledge, and so on.
Second, physical objects refer to concrete and tangible things or implements. The accumulation and extraction of human knowledge and cognition can be divided into metaphysical and metaphysical. Metaphysics is knowledge based on specific objects, which can also be called science.
Einstein said: "The development of western science is based on two great achievements, namely, the formal logic system invented by Greek philosophers (in Euclidean geometry) and the discovery that it is possible to find out the causal relationship through systematic experiments (in the Renaissance)." Metaphysics and positivism of modern science are the fundamental characteristics of modern science, which is the most obvious or systematic in Bacon's view (1561-kloc-0/626), and Marx called it "the true ancestor of British materialism and the whole modern experimental science". Because in Bacon's view, only knowledge based on feeling and experience is reliable, and the certainty of feeling and experience is the source of all knowledge. Engels said: "according to his theory ... science is based on experience and arranges the materials provided by the senses with rational research methods." Induction, analysis, comparison, observation and experiment are the main forms of rational methods. "
In other words, modern science is based on experience, experiment and demonstration, and the empirical method of observation and experiment is its main research method. Even the so-called "philosophy" in modern times is actually developed from natural philosophy that can be inferred or demonstrated. Engels said when evaluating Bacon: "In his view, natural philosophy is the real philosophy; Physics based on perceptual experience is the most important part of natural philosophy. " "Philosophy" is still so (science), and the metaphysical nature of the so-called "science" in modern times can be imagined. Yawolf called it "at the beginning of modern times, science was not separated from philosophy ... The tendency of mathematics and experiments of modern science pioneers inevitably led to the differentiation to precision science, that is, science verified by experiments and pure speculative philosophy". It is precisely China's scholarship that did not realize the large-scale separation of metaphysics and metaphysics in 15 and 16 centuries (western philosophy in modern times was seriously "scientific", while science in China before modern times was seriously "philosophical", such as astronomy and medicine. ), and in the16th century,