The earth is the third farthest planet from the sun, and its distance from the sun is about 150000000 kilometers. It takes 365.256 days for the earth to go around the sun and 23.9345 hours for its rotation. Its diameter is 12756 km, which is only larger than Venus 100 km. In our earth's atmosphere, 78% is nitrogen, 265435.
The earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago, about 654.38+600 million years ago. The earth only had 9 hours every day and night, much faster than now, about 800 days a year. By 600 million years ago, day and night were extended to 20 hours, and a year was shortened to 440 days. The reason may be mainly due to the tidal gravity of the moon. It is generally believed that the formation of the earth originated from the solar nebula. In the past 46 million years, the earth has evolved from a uniform sphere to the present "circular" structure. The average thickness of crust is17km, and the thickness of mantle is about 3473km. The mantle temperature is1000 ~ 3,000 degrees Celsius, and the core thickness is about 3,473 kilometers, accounting for 16.3% of the earth's volume. The substance is in liquid state, and its core temperature is as high as 6000 degrees Celsius, which is close to the surface temperature of the sun.
2. Simple knowledge about the earth
The earth is one of the eight planets in the solar system, ranking third in the order from near to far from the sun. It is also the earth-like planet with the largest diameter, mass and density in the solar system, with a distance of1.500 million kilometers from the sun.
The earth rotates from west to east and revolves around the sun at the same time. Currently 4-4.6 billion years old. [1] It has a natural satellite-the moon, forming a celestial system-the earth-moon system.
It originated from the primitive solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago. The equatorial radius of the earth is 6378. 137km, the polar radius is 6356.752km, the average radius is about 637 1km, and the equatorial circumference is about 40076km. It is an irregular elliptical sphere with slightly flat equator and slightly protruding poles.
The surface area of the earth is 5 1 100 million square kilometers, of which 7 1% is ocean and 29% is land. Seen from space, the earth looks blue. There are core, mantle and shell structures inside the earth, and hydrosphere, atmosphere and magnetic field outside the earth.
The earth is the only known celestial body with life in the universe at present, and it is the home of millions of creatures, including human beings.
3. Collect five simple things about space.
Space is a cold environment with an average temperature of minus 270.3 degrees Celsius. In space, various celestial bodies also radiate electromagnetic waves, and many celestial bodies also radiate high-energy particles to form cosmic rays. For example, the sun has solar electromagnetic radiation, solar cosmic ray radiation and solar wind. Solar cosmic ray radiation is high-energy particles emitted by the sun when a flare occurs, and solar wind is a high-energy plasma stream blown out by the corona. Many celestial bodies have magnetic fields. The magnetic field captures the high-energy charged particles and forms a radiation belt with strong radiation. For example, there are two radiation belts above the earth. Therefore, space is still a strong radiation environment. Space is also a high vacuum and microgravity environment. Gravity is only 1% to1100000 g (g- acceleration of gravity), while the gravity felt by people on the ground is1g. Therefore, the * * spacesuit cannot be used by human beings.
4. Information about Earth knowledge
4.6 billion years ago, the earth was born. The evolution of the earth can be roughly divided into three stages.
The first stage is the formation of the earth's sphere, and its time limit is about 4600 ~ 4200ma ago. The earth when it was born 4.6 billion years ago is very different from the earth in 2 1 century. According to scientists' inference, at the beginning of the earth's formation, it was a hot ball composed of hot liquid substances (mainly magma). With the passage of time, the temperature of the earth's surface has been decreasing, and the solid core has gradually formed. Dense matter moves toward the center of the earth, and less dense matter (rocks, etc.). ) floats on the surface of the earth, thus forming the earth whose surface is mainly composed of rocks.
The second stage is Archean and Proterozoic. Its time limit is 4200-543Ma. The earth constantly releases energy, and the steam, carbon dioxide and other gases released by the continuous eruption of high-temperature magma constitute a very thin early atmosphere-primitive atmosphere. With the increase of water vapor in the primitive atmosphere, more and more water vapor condenses into small water droplets, and then gathers into rainwater and falls to the surface. In this way, the primitive ocean was formed.
The third stage is Phanerozoic, with a time limit of 543Ma. Phanerozoic lasted relatively short, but during this period, biology flourished, geological evolution was very rapid, and geological processes were rich and colorful. In addition, geological bodies are distributed all over the world and widely preserved, which makes it possible to observe and study them well, become the main research object of geological science and lay the basic theory and knowledge of geology.
Extended data
The earth is one of the eight planets in the solar system, ranking third in the order from near to far from the sun. It is also the earth-like planet with the largest diameter, mass and density in the solar system, with a distance of1.500 million kilometers from the sun. The earth rotates from west to east and revolves around the sun at the same time. At present, there is a natural satellite-the moon, which forms a celestial system-the earth-moon system. It originated from the primitive solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago.
The equatorial radius of the earth is 6378. 137 km, the polar radius is 6356.752 km, the average radius is about 637 1 km, and the equatorial circumference is about 40076 km. It is an irregular oval sphere with slightly flat poles and slightly bulging equator. The surface area of the earth is 5 1 100 million square kilometers, of which 7 1% is ocean and 29% is land. Seen from space, the earth looks blue.
There are core, mantle and shell structures inside the earth, and hydrosphere, atmosphere and magnetic field outside the earth. The earth is the only known celestial body with life in the universe at present, and it is the home of millions of creatures, including human beings.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-earth
You don't need much knowledge about the earth.
Data about the size of the earth
According to the observation results of artificial earth satellites, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics published some parameters of the earth in 1980.
Equatorial radius: 6 378137m.
Polar radius: 6356752 meters
Flatness:1:298.257 222 01kloc-0/.
Total area: 5 10/00000 square kilometers.
Total volume:108.3 billion cubic kilometers
Total mass: 5.976 * 1027g.
Geographical significance of the shape and size of the earth
The shape and size of the earth are of great significance in physical geography.
The earth is a sphere, and the sun is far from the earth. It illuminates the surface (curved surface) of the earth with parallel rays, thus forming an unequal incident angle with the surface. On the earth, at any time, only one point is directly exposed to sunlight, and the other part is oblique. Therefore, the solar heat energy obtained on the surface of the sphere is uneven, which is one of the main factors leading to climate differences around the earth.
The mass of the earth is enormous. It attracts the surrounding atmosphere and water with strong gravity, and under the action of solar heat energy, it carries out energy conversion and material exchange between layers on the earth's surface, thus forming a complex natural appearance.
The huge surface area of the earth provides a vast space for human survival and development.
The longitude and latitude lines on the earth
(1) Latitude and Latitude People call the center of the earth's axis the geocentric. The plane passing through the center of the earth and perpendicular to the earth axis is called the equatorial plane. The great circle where the equatorial plane intersects the earth's surface is called the equator. On the surface of the earth, any circle parallel to the equator is called latitude circle or latitude. Since the equatorial plane is perpendicular to the earth axis and all latitudes are parallel to the equator, any latitude represents the east-west direction on the earth. The latitude of a point on the earth is the angle between the vertical line representing the direction of gravity and the equatorial plane. This included angle is 0 at the equator, about 40 at Beijing, and 90 at the north and south poles. The latitudes from the equator to the north and south poles are 0 to 90 respectively. Because the equatorial plane divides the earth into two parts, the south of the equator is called the southern hemisphere; The north of the equator is called the northern hemisphere, so the latitude is also divided into north and south, and the south of the equator is called the southern latitude, which is represented by "S"; The north of the equator is called north latitude, which is represented by "n". For the convenience of studying some problems, we call the latitude zone between 0 and 30 low latitude. The latitude zone between 30 and 60 is the middle latitude; The latitude zone between 60 and 90 is high latitude.
(2) The great circle whose longitude and latitude pass through the pole and are perpendicular to the equator is called the meridian coil or meridian, also called meridian. Since all the meridians intersect at the north and south poles and are perpendicular to the latitude, any meridian represents the north-south direction on the earth. The earth is a sphere with countless meridians. Therefore, in order to facilitate the calculation, it is decided that the meridian passing through Greenwich Observatory in the eastern suburb of London, England, is the zero meridian, also known as the prime meridian. In order to make Britain, France and other countries on the African continent belong to the same hemisphere, the eastern and western hemispheres are divided by east longitude 160 and west longitude 20. The longitude of a point on the earth is the angle between the meridian plane where the point is located and the prime meridian plane. This included angle is equivalent to the angle of the equatorial arc between the two planes in the center of the earth. The east of the prime meridian is called east longitude, which is represented by "e"; The Western Classics is called the Western Classics and is represented by "W". The circumference of the earth is 360, so the east and west meridians are 180 respectively.
(3) The longitude and latitude lines on the globe * * * form a longitude and latitude network. With the latitude and longitude network and its latitude and longitude, it is easy to determine the position of each point on the earth. Two different places on the earth can have the same latitude or longitude, but it is impossible to have the same latitude and longitude. Therefore, different places and locations on the earth can be represented by corresponding latitudes and longitudes. For example, Beijing is located 40 North of the equator and116 east of the prime meridian, with the geographical coordinates of 40 n,116 e; Lima (the capital of Peru in South America) is located in the south of the equator 12 and 77 degrees west of the prime meridian. The geographical coordinates of Lima are south latitude 12 and west longitude 77. ..
6. There is little scientific knowledge about the earth.
Earth science refers to all sciences that study the earth, mainly including geology, geography and other derivative disciplines.
Various disciplines usually study the earth from the perspectives of physics, geography, geology, meteorology, mathematics, chemistry and biology. It is closely related to human life. The gold ornaments and diamonds people wear are all mineral resources from the earth. Raw materials such as sand, stone and cement used in building houses also come from the earth; Most of the fish and shrimp you eat come from the ocean; The change of temperature has a great influence on life; The movement of celestial bodies also affects us all the time.
Therefore, earth science is a very basic and important subject. Earth science covers a wide range, including geology, oceanography, meteorology and astronomy.
Geology is to discuss the history and composition of the earth, including its evolution and the distribution of various mineralogy, rocks and minerals; Oceanography studies the movement of seawater, its physical and chemical properties and seabed topography; Meteorology is to analyze the composition, structure and movement of the atmosphere; The origin of the earth, the formation of the solar system, the movement and changes of celestial bodies and even the evolution of the universe all belong to the research scope of astronomy. Take the impact of meteorites on the earth as an example: the impact of high temperature and high pressure on the earth will inevitably lead to changes in topography and geology; Dust particles flying in the atmosphere will block the sunlight, so the temperature of the atmosphere and seawater will drop.
So seemingly simple astronomical events have caused changes in geology, meteorology and ocean, which shows that all fields are closely related and interlocking.
7. Seeking a little knowledge of geography is simple.
1. The distribution of water resources on the earth?
The water body of the earth, in which seawater accounts for 97.3% and fresh water only accounts for 2.7%. Iceberg and ice cap water account for 77.2% of fresh water resources, groundwater and soil water account for 22.4%, lake and swamp water accounts for 0.35%, river water accounts for 0. 1%, and atmospheric water accounts for 0.04%.
2。 What areas does "East China" generally refer to?
There are six provinces and one city in East China, including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shanghai.
3。 The solar system is a system of planets, satellites, dwarf planets and small celestial bodies with the sun as the center. It consists of the sun, eight planets (originally there were nine planets because Pluto was excluded from dwarf planets), 66 satellites (originally there were 67, Pluto's satellites were excluded) and countless asteroids, comets and meteorites. The order of planets from the sun is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
4. What is the composition of the sun?
Most of the substances that make up the sun are ordinary gases, of which hydrogen accounts for about 7 1.3%, helium accounts for about 27%, and other elements account for 2%, mainly hydrogen; From the center to the outside, the sun can be divided into nuclear reaction area, radiation zone, convection zone and solar atmosphere. The sun's atmosphere can be divided into three layers according to different heights and properties, namely, the photosphere, the chromosphere and the corona.
5. Yangtze River Basin:
The Yangtze River originates from the southwest side of Geladandong Snow Mountain, the main peak of Tanggula in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is the "roof of the world". The source glacier starts at 6543 meters above sea level, and the glacier tongue ends at 5400 meters above sea level, making it the highest river in the world. The glacial meltwater is the first milk of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River flows into Wan Li and crosses central China. The main stream flows through Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, etc. 1 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and its tributaries extend to 8 provinces and regions including Gansu, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Henan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. The main stream of the Yangtze River is more than 6,300 kilometers long, ranking third in the world after the Nile and Amazon rivers.
6. Fourteen land neighbors of China:
Russia and Mongolia in the north, Hajita in the northwest of the east coast is North Korea, Indonesia and Bhutan in the southwest and west, Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan in the southwest and west, and Afghanistan, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam in the south.
7. China has the most.
The smallest provinces are Macau with the highest latitude, Heilongjiang with the largest area, Xinjiang with the widest latitude, Hainan with the most population and Henan with the least population.
8. Describe the size of the earth.
Average radius: 6371km; Equatorial circumference: 40,000 kilometers; Earth surface area: 5 1 100 million square kilometers.
9. Map (three elements: direction, scale, legend and notes)
Use a map to determine the direction:
① General method: go up north and down south, left west and right east.
② Pointing method: the arrow pointing to the target points to the north.
③ Latitude and longitude: Longitude indicates the north-south direction; Latitude indicates the east-west direction.
10, seven continents and four oceans
① Seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.
② Four oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean.
③ Continental border: Asia and Africa: Suez Canal.
Asia and Europe: Urals, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus, Black Sea, Turkish Strait.
North and South America: Panama Canal
1 1, world temperature distribution law:
① The temperature is high in low latitudes and low in high latitudes (the decrease in temperature from low latitudes to high latitudes is mainly due to the different solar radiation received at each latitude).
② In the same latitude zone, the land temperature is high and the ocean temperature is low in summer; In winter, the land temperature is low and the ocean temperature is high.
(3) In mountainous areas, the temperature decreases with the elevation. (For every increase of 100 m, the temperature will drop by about 0.6℃.)