[Pan G incarnation]
The Creator in China Myth
Pangu, also known as Pangu, is the creator of ancient myths and legends in China. It was born in chaos and shaped like an egg. After waking up, the turbid gas will spread up and down to form heaven and earth, and finally fall down due to fatigue. Sound, qi and all parts of the body have become everything in the world. The myth of Pangu was first spread to the Eastern Han Dynasty through folklore, and it was not recorded in writing until the Three Kingdoms period. It was first seen in the March 5 Calendar of Wu people in the Three Kingdoms cited in the Selected Works of Tang Dynasty. [ 10][ 15] ? [22-23]?
According to the five-element calendar, Pangu was the first person in the world who was physically and mentally, with five limbs and five bodies in appearance, hair and beard. It is recorded in The Tale of Different Images that the whole world is the incarnation of Pangu, with four mountains on its head, sun and moon in its eyes and vegetation in its hair. In Guang Wu Bo Zhi, Pangu is huge, with the shape of a dragon's head or human face and a snake's body. Portraits in the Ming and Qing Dynasties often depict Pangu as a man with a long beard wearing a grass skirt, and most of them are in the shape of a person rather than an animal. A version of pioneering romance appeared with an axe chisel.
Historical origin
three kingdoms period
"Thirty-five Calendars" records: "Heaven and earth are chaotic like chickens, and Pangu was born in them. Eight thousand years old, heaven and earth open, sunny for the sky, cloudy for the ground. Pangu is among them, changing nine times a day. God is in heaven and saint is on earth. The sky is ten feet high, the earth is ten feet thick and Pangu is ten feet long. So 8,000 years old, there are many days, the land is extremely deep, and Pangu is extremely long. " "Five-Movement Calendar" records: "The distribution of vitality is pregnant and neutral, and it is also human. Pangu, the first born, is dying and incarnating as a human being. His voice is thunder, his left eye is the sun, his right eye is the moon, his limbs are four poles and five mountains, his blood is rivers, his tendons are geography, his muscles are fields, his hair is stars, his fur is vegetation, his teeth are stones, his essence is pearls and jade, his sweat is rain, and the insects in his body are turned into Li Wei by the wind. In the first half of this myth, yin and yang are divided into heaven and earth, and pregnant women are divided. In the second half, Pangu's body is described as metaplasia. " "Dongji" records: "According to the secular legend, Pangu lived 70 times a day, covering the sky and suppressing the earth, and ending in 80,000 years." (Tang Shicheng Guan's "Generous Guang Buddha Hua Yan Jing Sui Shu Romance Banknotes" Volume 42 cited)
Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420)
"Book in Pillow" records: "The past two instruments were not divided, and the HarmonyOS system was not completed. The heavens and the earth, the sun and the moon have not been completed, such as chickens, which are messy and yellow. There is Pangu, the essence of heaven and earth, who swam in it since the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty ... After two robberies, she suddenly gave birth to the Virgin of Taiyuan ... At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, seeing her downstream, she was familiar with ventilation and was invited back to the palace. ..... After a robbery, Yuan was the mother of Shi Taiyuan and gave birth to thirteen emperors ... Later, Dihuang, Dihuang XI and Dihuang gave birth to nine emperors, each aged 36,000. "
Southern dynasties era
"Yi Shu Ji" records: "Pangu is the ancestor of all things in the world. However, life began in Pangu. Yesterday's death of Pangu was also the first of the four mountains, the eye of the sun and the moon, the fat of the river and the sea, and the hair of the grass. According to the custom between Qin and Han dynasties, Pangu's head is Dongyue, the abdomen is Zhongyue, the left arm is Nanyue, and the right arm is Beiyue, and Xiyue is enough. The ancients said that tears are rivers, qi is wind and thunder, and eyes and pupils are electricity. As the old saying goes, happiness is sunny, and anger is cloudy. Wu Chu said, Pangu husband and wife, the beginning of Yin and Yang. There is an ancient tomb in today's South China Sea, which spans over 300 miles. It is said that future generations will chase and bury the soul of Pangu. "
Zhongtang
"Guan Yu Shu Yu" records: "As the old saying goes, Pangu died because his head was five mountains, his eyes were the sun and the moon, his fat was rivers and seas, and his hair was vegetation. There is another cloud: the head is Dongyue, the abdomen is Zhongyue, the left arm is Nanyue, the right arm is Beiyue, and the foot is Xiyue. There are clouds: weeping is the river, qi is the wind, sound is the thunder, and the eyes are the electricity. Another cloud: Happiness is sunny, and anger is cloudy. Lao Pu said, "Believe me, before Pangu died, there were no sea, mountains, rivers and plants." There is no sun, moon, wind and lightning on the top; There is no rain or shine in the middle. But why did Pangu's wish come into being? ..... its meaning is as follows: Pangu is the ancestor of all things in the world. Xú Zhēng's thirty-five calendar records are quoted in the Collection of Arts and Literature: "Heaven and earth are in a mess, and Pangu was born in it." Tang Kaiyuan Zhan Jing quoted Xu Zhengsan and Li Wuji as saying: "The world is a mess, and Pangu was born in it."
Northern Song Dynasty
"Yizhou Famous Paintings Record" records: "In the first year of Xingping, Chen was the magistrate of Yizhou, and even built the Yutang Stone Room in Chengdu and built the East Stone Room, calling himself the Duke of Zhou Auditorium. On its wall, there are pictures of gods such as Pangu and Li Lao and statues of emperors of past dynasties. (Inscription is incomplete, supplemented from Yizhou Famous Paintings Record); "On the Vitality" records: "The newborn Pangu was incarnated at the end of his life, full of breath, with thunder in his voice, sun in his left eye, moon in his right eye, four poles and five mountains in his limbs, blood as a river, tendons as the ground, muscles as the earth, hair as a star, hair as vegetation, teeth as stones, fine jade and sweat as rain. The worms in the body, felt by the wind, became Li Wei; Because its head is black, it is called Qianshou, and it is also called Li Xi. The next person is called a warehouse head. People nowadays are called blackheads, or naked worms. After Gai Pangu and before Huang San, they were all naked. " "Taiping Yulan" quoted "May 35 Calendar" as saying: "The world is like a chicken, and Pangu was born in it, 8,000 years old." "Cloud Seven Signs Volume III" records: "God is born different. If Pangu is a real person, it is also called Pangu. " "Yuanfeng Nine Fish Records" records: "Tongbai Mountain, Huaihe River. Huaidu Temple, Pangu Temple. "
Southern Song Dynasty
"The History of Taoism in the First Century" (Luo Ping's note) records: "In the past two days, we were inseparable, and moths were there, and they were not formed. Heaven and earth are like chickens, chaotic and mysterious. Pangu is a real person, the essence of heaven and earth, who has been swimming in it since the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty ... The heavenly king is called Yujingshan, and the palace in the mountain is magnificent.
Yuan dynasty era
"A Mirror Continuation" records: "Pangu, Taiji gave birth to two instruments, and two instruments gave birth to four images. The four images change, and there are countless kinds. According to legend, the first imperial scholar was Pangu, also known as Hundun. Pangu is still solid, and chaos does not know Zhao Yun. The emperor said that Pangu was born in the wilderness and knew that he would start tomorrow. When he arrived in Yang, he became the first king of the three talents, so he was mixed. The emperor's surname is thirteen, following the rule of Pangu ... it is still relatively poor for people. I don't know if Pangu was a monarch before me. "
tomorrow
The Journey to the West recorded: "Since Pangu broke the HarmonyOS system, it has become clear and turbid ... I feel that Pangu has opened up ... Pangu has seen the wind so far, unlike the evil wind." "The Romance of the Gods" records: "Chaos was divided into Pangu at the beginning, and Tai Chi was hung with two instruments and four images ... Since the restoration of Pangu ... it has not been counted for many years ... Chaos was not divided into Pangu ... Pangu gave birth to Tai Chi, and the two instruments and four images followed." "Extensive History" records: "The king of Pangu, with a snake head, hissed as wind and rain, blew as lightning, opened his eyes for the day, and closed his eyes for the night. After death, the joints are mountains, as rivers and seas, blood is Huai, and hair is vegetation. " Ying Ya Sheng Lan records: "On the side of Wang Ju, there is a mountain that invades the cloud. On the top of the hill, there were footsteps. Into the stone, two feet deep, more than eight feet long. According to the cloud, the ancestor Ayong was a sage, that is, the footprint of Pangu. " The appendix "The Trial of the Fairy World" of the pioneering romance records: "With a bang, it was thrown underground and turned into one thing. Reunion is like a flat peach, and the nucleus is like a child, rolling in the world; About 7749 turns, he gradually grew into a man, three feet six in length, with a ferocious head, glaring eyebrows, huge fangs and long hair; As soon as you stretch yourself, the sky will gradually rise and the ground will fall. Those who are closely related to heaven and earth will hold a chisel in their left hand and an axe in their right hand, or split it with an axe or cut it open. This is naturally divine power. For a long time, the heavens and the earth are divided, and the two gases rise and fall. The clear is the sky, and the turbid is the earth ... since I carved a cross on it, I said,' I am Pangu, and I started the world.' "Fu on Dafu Mountain" records: "Pangu used to use his house. "
Ching Dynasty
"Kangxi Dictionary" records: "The first royal family was called Pangu. Ren Fang's narrative of different stories: Pangu couple, the beginning of Yin and Yang, the ancestor of all things. Today, Pangu people in the South China Sea take Pangu as their surname. " "Lu lue" records: "The first royal family of Pangu, Tai Chi gave birth to two instruments, and two instruments gave birth to four elephants, and the four elephants became complicated. According to legend, the first royal family was called Pangu and Chaos. " "The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books: Works of Years", volume 83, is quoted as saying: "The so-called man of Pangu, God, changed day by day, and was also the master of nature at the beginning of Gai Yuan's mixing." "Yi Shi" records: "However, Pangu is in the world, is there no monarch?" I don't know. "Tongbai County Records" records: "Thinking about the past, we must say that the lake is purple and yin and yang, and Pangu opens the sky. "Tongbaishan Fu" records: "Pangu opened the sky and began to show. "
Modern Times
1988, Huang Xianfan, editor-in-chief of Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House, wrote a ballad "The Song of Pangu's Creation": "Pangu made heaven and earth, built rivers by mountains, zoned continents to live in, and built seas to store water. Pangu opened heaven and earth, divided mountains and rivers, opened three forks, and there were roads everywhere. Pangu created the heavens and the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars. Because of Pangu, people are bright. "
In 2003, Pangu's story was included in the old primary school Chinese textbooks, such as the first volume of the fourth grade primary school Chinese textbook published by Jiangsu Phoenix Education Publishing House. 13 The text "Creation" tells the myths and legends of Pangu's creation, and is accompanied by colorful illustrations of Pangu supporting the world with his hands and feet.
20 19 Pangu is also included in the first volume of the fourth grade Chinese textbook edited by Wen Rumin, Beijing People's Education Publishing House. The fourth unit of lesson 12 also explains the legend of Pangu from a graphic perspective.
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