The translation part of vernacular Chinese can help you understand, and the annotation part can increase your basic knowledge of ancient Chinese. I have thoroughly read a book, The View of Ancient Chinese, and I can basically cope with classical Chinese in the future.
Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese. The earliest written language based on spoken language may have been processed. Classical Chinese is an article composed of written language in ancient China, mainly including written language based on spoken language in pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to record characters, while silk books were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words were deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose, neat rhythm and no punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
2. Is there any translation of classical Chinese? > The original chirp answers chirp, and Mulan Weaver is at home.
I can't hear the loom, but I hear the woman sigh. Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers.
Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember. Last night, I saw the military post, and Khan ordered more soldiers. The military books have 12 volumes, all with the names of lords.
Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no big brother, and she is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for him from now on. Buy horses in the East City, saddles (ān) and spears (jiān) in the West City, reins (pèi) in the South City and whips in the North City.
When I said goodbye to my parents, I was by the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the splash of the Yellow River (jiān). Farewell to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling a female voice, but I only heard Yanshan Hu riding (jiū).
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying. New moon (Shu) gas transfers gold (Tu), and cold light illuminates iron clothes.
The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years. See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall.
Policy 12 turn, before reward 100. Khan asked him what he wanted, and Mulan didn't need Shang Shulang; I am willing to send my son back to his hometown.
Hearing the news of my daughter, I went out to help Guo; Sister A (zǐ) heard that her younger sister was coming and took care of her red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door, sit on my West Pavilion bed, take off my wartime robe, put on my old clothes (cháng), arrange clouds on the window, and apply decals to the mirror.
When they came out to meet the fire companions, they were all amazed: after twelve years of traveling together, they didn't know Mulan was a girl. Male rabbits have messy feet and female rabbits have blurred eyes; When two rabbits walk side by side, can I tell if I am a male or a female? Haha, Mulan is weaving at the door.
There is no sound of weaving, only a girl's sigh. Ask the girl what you are thinking and thinking with such a sigh. (Mulan replied) Mulan didn't miss anything, nor did she think back.
I saw a proclamation in the army last night and learned that the emperor was recruiting troops on a large scale. There are many conscription lists with his father's name on them. My father has no eldest son and Mulan has no brother, so she is willing to buy pommel horse and apply instead of her father.
Buy horses in the east market, saddle pads in the west market, chews and reins to drive animals in the south market, and whips to drive animals in the north market. In the morning, I said goodbye to my parents and set off. In the evening, I camped by the Yellow River. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the flowing water of the Yellow River.
Say goodbye to the Yellow River in the morning and set off on the road. In the evening, I arrived at Heishan Mountain. I can't hear my parents calling my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of the horses of Yanshan conference semifinals. Not afraid of the distance in Wan Li, go to the battlefield, fly over the pass and fly over the mountains.
The cold in the north conveys the sound of playing ball, and the cold moonlight reflects the soldiers' armored shirts. After years of fighting, many soldiers died in the battlefield, and Mulan and other survivors returned successfully.
When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor, who sat in the palace (rewarding his merits). Mulan was remembered for her great contribution and gained a lot of property.
The son of heaven asked Mulan what she wanted, but Mulan didn't want to be an official. She just wanted to ride a swift horse and send Mulan back to her hometown. When parents heard that their daughter was back, they helped each other to meet Mulan in the outer city. When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep.
(Mulan goes home) Open the attic door in the east, sit on the couch in the west inner room, take off my robe, put on my old maid's clothes, arrange her soft hair like a cloud at the window, and insert a yellow flower on her forehead in front of the mirror. When we went out to meet our comrades-in-arms, they were all surprised and said, We traveled together for many years, but we didn't know Mulan was a girl.
When picking up the rabbit's ears, the front foot of the male rabbit always moves, and the eyes of the female rabbit often squint. When two rabbits run side by side, how do you know which one is male and which one is female? & gt Fang Zhongyong is a civilian in Jinxi County, who has been farming for generations.
Zhong Yong was born five years ago. He never knew pen, ink, paper and inkstone. (One day) he burst into tears and asked for these things. My father was surprised by this, so he borrowed it from his neighbor's house. (Zhong Yong) immediately wrote four poems and inscribed his name.
This poem is about supporting parents and uniting people of the same clan, and it is spread to the readers in the whole town to watch. From then on, he was assigned to write a poem, which (he can) finish at once. The literary talent and truth of the poem are worth seeing.
People in the same county were stunned by him and gradually regarded Zhong Yong's father as a guest. Some people even paid Zhong Yong to write poems. His father thinks it's profitable, so he drags Zhong Yong to visit people in the same county every day and doesn't let him study.
I (Wang Anshi) have long heard about it. In the era of Ming Dow, my late father and I returned to my hometown and met him at my uncle's house. (He) is twelve or thirteen years old.
Letting (him) write poetry is not as good as his previous reputation. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house again. When I asked Fang Zhongyong, I replied, "(He) completely disappeared and became an ordinary person."
Mr. Wang said: our knowledge and understanding ability are innate. His talent is far higher than that of ordinary talented people.
Because he didn't get the education the day after tomorrow, he finally became an ordinary person. A naturally intelligent person like him will become an ordinary person if he has no acquired education. Therefore, those ordinary people who are not born smart now may not be ordinary if they don't receive the acquired education. At the beginning of the original text of Sun Quan's exhortation to learn, Sun Quan said to Monroe, "You must learn when you are in charge today!" There are all kinds of excuses in Lv Mengyong's army.
"I don't want you to be a doctor alone! But when you dabble, look over. Too much talk, who is lonely? I often study alone, and I think it is of great benefit. "
Monroe began to study. After Lu Su visited Yang, he consulted with Meng and said in great shock, "You are a talented person, not a martial monk!" Lv Meng said: "The upright people have been watching for a few days. You know how late it is when you look at something so late." Lu Su met Lu Meng's mother and became friends with Lu Meng.
At first, Sun Quan, Prince of Wu, said to General Monroe, "You are now in an important position and have great power, so you can't help further your studies!" Lv Meng excused himself on the grounds that there were many military affairs. Sun Quan said, "Do I want you to be a scholar who is proficient in Confucian books and teaches Confucian classics? To understand history, you should just skim through it.
You say you are busy with military affairs, how can you compare with my numerous affairs? But I often read books and find it rewarding. "Lv Meng began to learn again.
Wait until Soochow strategist Lu Su passes by to find Yang.
3. The translation of ancient prose is taken from the seventh volume of Du You's General Code and the seventh volume of Food Code.
It has been built for two years since Tang Dezong ascended the throne. There are1300,000 registered population in the world, relying on (Dezong) to send ambassadors (official positions) respectively. The registered population is more than the people, and the public tax revenue has more than doubled. Each channel increased the household registration1800,000 households (another customer1400,000 households), and * * * obtained 3.2 million households. In this way, there will be a regular tax (quota) and people will know the quota. Small officials who are greedy for money can't produce tricks and thieves' hearts, and ordinary people have their own household registration (so they can't steal tax-free taxes). This is really a timely law and a good way to correct the ills. In the past, civilian goods were turned over, and three kinds of taxes were set according to the population. Even the tenants of princes and ministers only have to pay the same taxes as ordinary people. Since the Anshi Rebellion in Tianbao period of Xuanzong, the war has gradually flourished and the state funds are insufficient, so the number of names collected has increased and there is no fixed number. Corrupt officials are overbearing, take the opportunity to embezzle illegally, laws and regulations are not supervised and enforced, and ordinary people do not know to complain. Most of those cunning hidden ninjas evade paying taxes. Some are officials under false names, some are adopted by their sons in law, some are enlisted in the army, some rely on powerful people, and various types of government are difficult to remove. Those dull people pay taxes for officers, getting poorer and harder every day. Establish a new policy in middle age and merge (all taxes) into two taxes (spring and summer). (In this way) with the quota already in place, there is no way to increase the collection. Those who wander around and do nothing are registered, and there is no place to evade taxes. However, due to the different taxes paid by envoys stationed in various places, some places are different in weight, and there are many difficulties and frequent wars. Today, there are many redundant people (referring to unregistered people). There are also vacancies in the amount charged. But the old amount already exists, but it is impossible to check the number of people. After reviewing what should be done today, considering the policy of Jin and Sui Dynasties, the registered population and the amount of land should be doubled. So taxes and military service can naturally be halved. Now that the tax revenue has been equalized, people know that the tax revenue is lighter, and they will be freed from the pain of fleeing the turmoil and increase the industry of agriculture and mulberry. There is no better way to stabilize people's hearts. The account books of each channel can add up to more than 2.5 million households. Compared with the hukou of past dynasties, the hukou does not exceed 5 million and the hukou is not less than 3 million. If we miscalculate the total number of accounts in the world, we can probably know how many accounts there are now, except in places where wars are frequent. If we adopt the Jin Sui policy, we should be able to get five million accounts. The tax revenue of 5 million households and 2.5 million accounts is naturally only half of the latter. The old truth is that only by knowing the population in detail can we average their tax servants, so that all kinds of undertakings will be successful, the country will be rich, education will prevail, and all kinds of good customs and habits will be truly accepted by the people. Because of this, there will be no disaster and rebellion. Therefore, "Zhou Guan" recorded the systems of Bi, Lu, Zu, Party, Zhou, Xiang, County and Sui to maintain the stability of the political system and govern the people well. (and "Zhou Li" records) Meng Dong (October of the lunar calendar) Stuart (official position) wanted to present the national population, and Zhou Wang bowed down before accepting it. His respect and compliance have reached such an important level. When the country loses political power, the household registration will be omitted, and people will wander around like birds and animals, out of control. The country is also poor because of this. All kinds of abuses are gradually rising, and the country will be overthrown in the near future. Governing the country is the most important and requires long-term planning. There is no fundamental way to pursue national prosperity! There are a lot of mistakes in the original sentence, and the last one should be an exclamation point! )