Wise people, after insight into human nature, know how to tolerate human nature better.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang had just pacified the world and needed to build many ships to transport food. One thing that made him very headache was that shipbuilding needed a lot of nails, but the craftsmen in charge of shipbuilding often used this opportunity to falsely report the amount of nails. After the ship was built, all the nails were nailed to it. It is difficult to calculate how many nails to use, and it can only be decided by craftsmen. On one occasion, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered craftsmen to build ships. In order to profit from it, the craftsmen did the same thing again, falsely reporting many nails as usual. This time, Zhu Yuanzhang refused to pay compensation as usual, but led the civil and military officials to the river, let the craftsmen drag the built boat to the shore, and then ordered the ship to be set on fire. At that time, everyone was surprised because no one knew what he meant by doing so. However, no one dared to disobey his orders. Soon, the fire burned the boat clean, leaving only a pile of nails. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered these nails to be collected and weighed, and the weight obtained was only one tenth of the number reported by craftsmen. This time, it was the craftsmen's turn to be afraid. They were scared one by one, but Zhu Yuanzhang didn't punish them, but determined how many nails were needed to build such a ship according to this, and then according to this standard, no one would profit from it anymore. Speaking of Zhu Yuanzhang, our first thought may be his cruel means to deal with corrupt officials. As the founding emperor born in poverty, it is understandable to hate corrupt officials, but in the process of dealing with this matter, Zhu Yuanzhang did not punish these craftsmen. Why tell this story today? But these days, I have several entrepreneurs who come to chat with me and talk about a very interesting topic, one of which is very representative. This friend used to work in the internet, but later he wanted to do business. However, he knew little about production technology and process, so he hired a team. These people all respect him and obey him. He felt that he had found the right person. However, after a few months, he gradually found that their costs could not be reduced, which was more than 30% higher than the industry average cost. He also constantly urged the team to find ways to reduce costs. They have a good attitude and are positive on the surface. They always submit a cost reduction plan every few days, but the cost reduction is basically negligible, with little effect. In fact, he and Zhu Yuanzhang have basically the same problems. I think many entrepreneurs, especially those who are not so familiar with some industries, may encounter such problems when entering these industries. Even in familiar industries and unfamiliar fields, such problems are likely to be encountered. Doesn't mean you shouldn't enter such an industry if you don't understand technology and production. But to find the right person, establish a reasonable system and gain a deep insight into human nature. Without effective supervision and institutional restraint, it is difficult for people to restrain their profit-seeking psychology. Our sages have been talking about prudence and independence. Cautious and independent, it is really difficult to look at what is said and do. An entrepreneur friend of mine told me that he was disappointed in human nature. He thinks that as long as he is kind to others, others will be kind to him. Many people respect him on the surface, but they get enough benefits behind his back. When he couldn't stand it, the other party fiercely questioned him and said that he didn't trust himself. In fact, it doesn't have to be in the enterprise, but in daily life, we often encounter such a situation. Some people say that the person you love the most hurts you the most, which is not necessarily true, but the person who hurts you the most is probably the person you trust the most. Unconditional trust in others and hope that the other party can do the same to themselves are the reasons why many people are deeply hurt. Many people will say that this is the evil of human nature. In fact, you gave each other the opportunity to do evil, which was caused by your connivance. Human nature is not only good, but also evil. It's grayer and darker. If we handle it well, these ashes and darkness may turn into good, at least they will not slide into hatred. A while ago, I wrote an article saying that people who have achieved great things have long lost too much expectation for human nature, but some friends misunderstood it before reading it. In fact, if we do something, many important links pin our hopes on the goodness of human nature, hoping that anyone can stand the temptation and test and will eventually hurt you. This is definitely the problem. However, on the other hand, if you are completely disappointed in human nature, don't trust anyone, doubt everything, and want to do anything without risk, then you will also become a loner. Trust between people is mutual. First, there is a process of gradual establishment. Second, there should be corresponding rules as constraints, not unconditional trust. I have always said that literary accomplishment should be armed, benevolence and righteousness should be wise, trust between people should be tested, and a relationship can develop better if there are values and rules recognized by both sides. When it comes to returning to enterprises, many people think that the biggest problem of China enterprises is the rule of man, not the rule of law. Indeed, rules should be gradually established and improved, but rules can't solve all problems. Just as why morality is needed when there is law, enterprises should also have rules and corporate culture construction, which complement each other. When we generally talk about human nature, the most commonly used word is insight. This is the interesting thing about Chinese characters. The text itself has clearly described the problem and even given the answer. It's just that the usage of some of our words has completely deviated from the original intention, even the opposite usage, and some of them are ignored after they get used to it. Epiphany, the cave itself is characterized by dark twists and turns, which is not easy to understand; It is not easy to see around in the dark, and it is even more difficult to see the whole picture, so it is not easy to gain insight into human nature itself. I have always said that Guanzi is China's first collection of human nature in 2700 years. I like reading Guanzi because of his thorough understanding and tolerance of human nature. Human nature has both good and evil sides, and others can be sacrificed for their own benefit. There is a darker side, which cannot be judged by good and evil. I suggest that no matter what major decisions are made, the consideration of human factors must be placed in the first and most important position, instead of believing that human nature is good, not to expect human nature to be good, and not to overestimate the relationship between people. When you choose to believe in a friendly and strong relationship, this actually becomes the biggest loophole. Let's first look at a passage in Guanzi: Guanzi Waste Mi: Food and clothing are also human beings, and a day can't be violated, and relatives can sometimes be big. Therefore, saints and nations are standing in difficulties. People die in Yi Yun, but life is hard to get together. Therefore, one is reward, the other is regular, and the third is of course. Its small behavior is vulgar, and it is polite after a long time. So, if you don't do it, you must do it and then move. This passage has two very important insights into human nature. First of all, people can't live without food and clothing every day, but their parents will leave us one day. Relatives here refer to parents. In this sentence, time is big, which should be lost time and lost time. People in China say that the dead are the most important, and we may all have this experience. When some friends are alive, there may be many contradictions and conflicts, but once people are gone, they will feel very close to each other. Think about those contradictions as trivial matters. Why is this a profound insight into human nature? This is because the latter sentence is about the application of this principle. The second is, for example, reward or reward. The effect of the first incentive is very good, the second incentive will be considered routine, and the third reward will be taken for granted. In our current words, the incentive effect of rewards is getting worse and worse, and it is regarded as a part of normal income. So what is the suggestion of the management here? After a reward, it is necessary to switch to other reward methods. In other words, we should change the reward, not just the bonus. The most fundamental feature of human nature is to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, which is the basis of human nature and the premise of discussing all issues related to people. If we forget this premise, or ignore it, we may always pay a higher price in the end. We often say that you have seen all the evils in the world, and you can choose the good. Congratulations, you have become a smart and good person. I really have a few such friends, and it's really my pleasure to know them. In fact, the most common mistake we make is that when others make a little gesture, we are afraid of everything, and then fight back in the name of self-protection, because we feel that others make us feel insecure, and then we confront each other and eventually get out of hand. The fundamental purpose of doing this is to avoid harm. Many major historical events are actually caused by this misunderstanding. Guan Zi Ban Zang: This is human love. Don't avoid seeing the advantages, and don't avoid seeing the disadvantages. Ordinary people's feelings will be happy if they get what they want, and they will be worried if they do evil. It is human nature to see that there is nothing you don't want to pursue in interests and nothing you don't want to avoid in injuries. It is human nature to be happy when one's desires are satisfied, and to worry when one encounters something unpleasant. These factors, regardless of social status, wealth level and so on, are the same. Let's look at the content of Guan again: Guan Zhe, the way of princes. So is the door to foreign wealth. The way of ten thousand people is also right. Ming Dow told me again. Those who levy customs clearance do not apply for the market, and those who levy the market do not apply for customs clearance. I don't want a virtual car, but I can't get in because it's far away. Sixteen foreign affairs with the same body, then listen to its name, depending on its name, depending on its color, is its business, its virtue. From the outside, you won't be embarrassed by being powerful, but you will be embarrassed by being virtuous. The country is not chaotic, and the work has been done. Ask the border officials: trust in small profits, hurt righteousness in small anger, hurt morality in trust, and building the four countries with benevolence and righteousness is in line with appearance and morality. After the four poles of the countryside, law-abiding officials must be clear about their daily behavior and must not make any mistakes. This is the last part of the article "Guan" In particular, Guan talked about two details, one is about the collection of customs duties, and the other is about the orders of law enforcement personnel. Guan's strategy is that people with more national wealth come from afar and leave the land behind. Similarly, many policies have been formulated to attract investment and attract foreigners to do business. The big policy should fall on the details, that is, entering the customs does not enter the city, and entering the city does not enter the customs. I don't want a virtual car, but I can't get in because it's far away. Therefore, the policy of tariff collection is the most important. What I'm talking about here is Ming Dow's heavy warning, that is, we should constantly emphasize and affirm, don't levy taxes repeatedly, and don't levy taxes on empty cars. If we carry heavy loads on foot, we have to carry things, not tax them. Moreover, it is necessary to repeatedly affirm and affirm the sixteen levels of Qi. At the same time, we should also strengthen the observation and investigation of messengers to avoid confusion. And what the border officials should ask them in the specific implementation: small interests and beliefs, small anger and injury to righteousness, border people's beliefs and injury to morality, generosity and harmony to build the four countries conform to the appearance and morality. The border officials in charge of specific implementation have been repeatedly warned that they must not break their promises for small profits, but be righteous for small things. They must maintain harmonious relations with neighboring countries and be kind to guests coming and going. The last sentence is the requirement for law enforcement personnel: law enforcement must be strict and not violate the established laws. Sometimes there is nothing wrong with our policies and systems, but there are a lot of problems in the final implementation, which will run counter to the original intention of policy formulation. Guan has a very clear understanding of this situation. Why should he repeatedly emphasize affirmation and persuasion? Because there are many loopholes that can be drilled here, it is useless to have punishment alone. Some people will definitely take risks, and customers who come through yearning will take cards from fat people. If the details of implementation and human factors in the process of implementation are not considered when formulating policies, it is impossible for policies to be effectively implemented. This is a profound insight into human nature. Through various institutional, cultural and ideological work, including repeated statements of policies, we should try our best to curb the erosion of human greed and selfish desires on the policies themselves, so that good policies can be implemented and refined. When considering any problem, we always put human nature first, analyze human nature first, analyze interests on the basis of analyzing human nature, and formulate policies on the basis of analyzing interests. Because, no matter how perfect the system and rules are, they will eventually be implemented on specific people. Of course, system construction is very important and needs to be gradually improved, but in the face of interests, we must not treat people's greed and fear lightly. Therefore, Guan Zi said: Make contributions in advance, and be a politician since childhood. The smallness here is actually the strength and function of human nature in subtleties, far beyond our imagination. In fact, being a good person needs more wisdom than being a bad person, because being a wise good person needs more wisdom, not only having a deep insight into human nature, but also having a thorough understanding of human nature. The same is true for entrepreneurs, who have insight into human nature and are tolerant enough to prevent the evil of human nature with rules and systems, guide people to be good with tolerance and mechanisms, and make themselves and others better.