Statue of all beings in the Confucian forest
First, the origin of the imperial examination The word "imperial examination" is generally said to be a scholar after the establishment of the scholar subject in the Sui Dynasty, and the meaning of this word is broader, which is the system of awarding official positions to people of different subjects after the Western Han Dynasty. The word "imperial examination" mentioned below is mainly narrow.
Ancient exam scene
At the beginning of the establishment of Jinshi Branch, it was hard to imagine that this system would have such a long track in the future historical civilization, even the then emperor Yang Di was afraid. The meaning of the word "Jinshi" mentioned in the ancient book Book of Rites Wang Zhi is about to be further used. The name "Jinshi" was born very early, not too late. However, if Jinshi is officially regarded as a national examination subject in the name of a subject, it will still be rooted in Yang Di.
The system of selecting officials in different dynasties evolved gradually. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Shi Qing recorded record system prevailed. In the Warring States period, due to political, economic, military and other background factors, countries abandoned this system in succession and adopted the bugle system, among which Qin benefited the most. Therefore, it became an important factor affecting the founding of Qin Shihuang. When Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty ruled the country, the political environment and the need of state governance at that time came out to remind Liu Che that it was time to change the system of selecting officials, so as to embrace the thigh of the procuratorial system and let people have the opportunity to serve the country from bottom to top. However, when the system of placarding Zheng Zhi replaced the imperial examination system, the era of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties began again. When we further discuss the official selection system in ancient China, there will be the imperial examination system that we will focus on today. Take the Scholars written by Wu as an example to talk about the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Stills of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
Second, The Scholars is like a masterpiece and satirical masterpiece in Qing Dynasty. These are all words of praise to scholars. Many people have always attached importance to the amazing satire in The Scholars, which is a metaphor for the world, but Wu's description of the imperial examination system in Qing Dynasty is also very valuable. Mr. Lu Xun once said that this book is "to safeguard the public interest and point to the shortcomings of the country and the direction of the machine." Especially in Shilin, its text is harmonious and full of irony, so there is a book in the Ministry that is full of irony. " There is no lack of irony, but also a meaningful masterpiece. This is a classic, and humor and fable theory run through the book.
Wu portrait
Under the curtain of the imperial examination system, most scholars charge for it, but who can finally achieve a positive result and win the name of a scholar? The imperial examination system in Qing dynasty was relatively complete, and it was called a master. The saying that "the court is Tian Shelang and the court is the emperor at dusk" may also be realized by a big man called the imperial examination system. Studying requires the imperial examination, and the imperial examination is an official. When the ideological trend of "official standard" spread to the whole dynasty, the imperial examination became a deep pool of "the battle between wolves", and in The Scholars, Wu shaped the images of all beings in The Scholars according to this social environment.
Restoration of ancient imperial examinations
There are about 300 characters in the book, most of whom are scholars. Most of the characters created by Wu have realistic characters as reference, and the core idea of these characters is fame and fortune. Zhou Jin is crying in the hospital in Hiram, which is a cry for the land. It's no use putting up with humiliation when he left in tears. 60 years old, also known as "children". Before Jin Fan was promoted, his cold eyes never failed, but when he learned that he had won, his madness reflected the oppression of his mind by the imperial examination system. The good news fell from the sky, but Jin Fan's heart was unbearable for a while. Kuang Chaoren stepped into the trap set by the imperial examination system, and turned from a kind farmer's child into mud. Compared with this person, they are real people, such as Du, Wang Mian and Zhuang Shaoguang.
Peking Opera and Fan Jinzhong Opera
Third, the imperial examination is the medium. Being an official is a great way to enter the officialdom. As a medium, you can enter the officialdom and start your career. Although this kind of "being an official" is the idea of many people, the so-called "official skill" is the truth of being an official. Lin Tongji once mentioned in the Historical View of Cultural Morphology: "It is also a skill to reciprocate, reciprocate, flatter and join in the fun. Flaunt, win over, become sworn and unite, but also be smooth, crowd out, spread rumors, plunder, accuse and be smooth. " Exhausted a lot of wrists, spent a lot of energy, pretending to be sick is called being an official.
Image of ancient officials
In The Scholars, most of them entered the imperial examination and official career, but few really became honest officials. What's more, in Wu's satirical novels, ranking above the imperial court became the goal pursued by these literati.
You have many views on the success or failure of officialdom. If you carefully explore from Wu's The Scholars, you will understand the true meaning. It's ironic to look at all beings in the Confucian forest and be a Confucian. Between the lines of The Scholars, there is a strong criticism of the imperial examination system. Reading was originally to improve my self-cultivation and knowledge, but I was obviously fascinated by fame and fortune.