Dai was named after Dade (BC 1 century). Dade is one of the four disciples of Houcang (born in 70 BC), who founded the school of teaching righteousness and benefit in 1 century BC (see Book of Rites). However, it seems that the relationship between Dade Li Ji and Dade only seeks an admirable source for it. Contrary to some traditional records, there is no contemporary evidence that the western Han Dynasty ritualists were related to the compilation of The Book of Rites, and there is no evidence that The Book of Rites was an early revision of The Book of Rites. In addition, the story of the great Dai Li is not recorded in Hanshu and Yiwenzhi. Therefore, it is doubtful whether it was a separate book before the second century.
Second, the content and source of information
To some extent, Dai Li's story may come from the earlier miscellaneous collection Ji recorded in History and Literature History (1709), namely 13 1. However, some chapters in the Book of Rites may have been written after the Book of Rites was compiled. For example, Chapter 46 of the Book of Rites begins with a summary of Chapter 30 of the Book of Rites; 4 1 from the 27th chapter of the Book of Rites; Article 52 also contains part of the text of Article 24 of the Book of Rites. Most of the chapters in Dai Li Ji are imitations and collages of some paragraphs in various documents before the Han Dynasty. For example, the content of 7 1 (patent) can be found in different forms in the fifty-eighth Yizhoushu; Xunzi provides materials for the forty-second, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth and sixty-sixth chapters of Dai, and the above chapters also contain scattered paragraphs of Huainanzi. Articles 46 and 48 of Dai Dai are mainly based on the works of Jia Yi (20 BC1-169). Parts of the third and fourth volumes of Huainanzi have also been borrowed by Articles 58 and 8 1 of Li Ji. Finally, it should be pointed out that the story in Chapter 77 and, to a lesser extent, Chapter 63 depends largely on Zhou's etiquette. Because the Book of Rites has different views on the Book of Rites and the Book of Rites, it is always agreed that the Book of Rites is superior to the Book of Rites, so we extremely doubt whether these chapters are from the same material as the Book of Rites.
49-58 or the name of Ceng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, appears in the title; Or describe his teaching and dialogue in the chapter. Therefore, some people insist that these chapters come from the lost Han Shu literature and art annals (1page 724), which is Confucianism recorded in Ceng Zi. These articles were also included in the Lost Articles of Ceng Zi compiled by Qing people. However, it is unlikely that these materials were borrowed before Ceng Zi's death. Many chapters related to Ceng Zi in "Big Wear Li Jican" can be proved to be extracted from other documents. The rest may have been forged in the Han Dynasty, with the purpose of using Ceng Zi's reputation to gain prominent prestige and orthodox status, so as to benefit the doctrines they supported.
Third, the source of literature.
Sui Shu Jing Ke Zhi (page 92 1) records, Dai Dai (volume 13). This record can be found in Bibliography of Tang Dynasty and Official Bibliography of Song Dynasty (see Records of Classics and Records of Old Books of Tang Dynasty, p. 1973; New Tang Book, Yi, p. 1430; The history of Song Dynasty, literature and art, page 5048), the number of volumes is consistent with the existing version. The Chongwen catalogue mentions a 10 volume, which must be missing. However, the existing version is not enough to explain this special situation.
Liu Xi made comments on "Dai Dai Li Ji" about 200 years ago. According to the annotation on page 92 1 of the Annals of Sui Shu, Liu Xi's annotation has been lost, and the existing annotation is said to have been written by Lu Bian (5 19-557), an official of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Because this note was not recorded in the bibliography of Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is inferred that its legitimacy was not officially recognized until the Song Dynasty.
For a long time, people have always thought that the most severely damaged period was in a certain era between the end of Han Dynasty and Sui Dynasty. According to Zheng Xuan's Six Arts (127-200), there are 85 biographies of Great Dai Li, but the current edition does not exceed 39. Presumably, this is the case of the text recorded by Sui Shu. The current volume 1 of 1 was identified as the 39th; The second volume begins with article 46, not article 43; Volume 7 begins with article 62, not article 6 1, and the whole book ends with article 8 1. There may always be * * * 46 earlier versions that have been lost.
Before the compilation of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, some contents of this classic may have been lost. However, it is doubtful whether the Biography of Great Dai Li has lost 46 articles as the number of articles in the current edition shows. The Sui Dynasty believed that Article 85 in the Book of Rites was earlier than Article 46 in the Book of Rites. It is further assumed that 46 of them have fallen out of the Book of Rites (see the quotation of Sui Shu translated in the Book of Rites above). However, there is no evidence to prove this relationship in the literature catalogue of Han Dynasty. In addition, some existing articles in The Great Dai Li Book are similar in content, but they are still preserved but not deleted. Therefore, the number of the Great Dai Li Book may be influenced by its unfounded connection with the Book of Rites, thus trying to determine that the eighty-five Great Dai Li Books taught by Zheng Xuan's Dade are the Great Dai Li Books.
Fourth, the version.
The Four Series reprinted a block print of the Ming Dynasty, including Lu Bian Zhu and Han Yuanji Preface (1 175). Han Wei series and Yayutang series are also included in this edition. These three editions are not as good as the movable type edition of the Five English Classics (1774-1777), and they are the main base of the collated edition of the integrated printing of the series.
Kong Guangsen (1752-1786) has a table to analyze the text in his book "Addendum to Dai Dai". This paper summarizes the similarities and information sources of the texts of Li Ji in Great Wear [with other texts]. This book is included in Gifford Series and Series Integration. Another edition of Kong Zhu with a proofreading note (1857— 1937) was published with the title of Kong Dai's proofreading and correction, which was also included in the series integration.
Sun Yirang (1848 ——1908) selected some sentences in the article, collated them and compiled a supplement to Notes on Big Dai Li. Published on 19 14 after Sun Yirang's death.
Research Status of verb (abbreviation of verb)
① For its modern Chinese translation, please refer to Gao Ming's Notes on Great Dai Li, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1975. (2) Literal Index of Dai Dai edited by Liu Zhencong and Chen Fangzheng, Literal Index Series of Ancient Books in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1992.